ISSN:1051-5658    

DOI:10.1002/rem.3440090302

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1999

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractOn January 13, 1999 a consent decree was signed for the first community settlement ever successfully negotiated for a Superfund site. The 10‐square mile groundwater study zone in Rockford, Illinois, is only 20 percent of the area of the city, but represents 60 percent of its industrial capacity. Local government and business leaders took the initiative to negotiate a community‐based settlement with the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the Illinois Environmental Protection Agency (IEPA) and find financing mechanisms that citizens could back.Rockford dodged the Superfund bullet that has ripped apart so many other communities as bank loans dry up, development ceases, local taxes plunge along with property values, the local economy stagnates, and neighbor is pitted against neighbor in a litigation

ISSN:1051-5658    

DOI:10.1002/rem.3440090303

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1999

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe remediation of inactive hazardous waste sites frequently involves a protracted negotiation with the respective state or federal agency and the entity responsible for creating the site and paying the costs. At orphaned sites, decisions are made almost exclusively by agency staff. Most of remedial decisions are made with little input or participation by the interested public. The public usually receives information in a highly technical and difficult‐to‐understand format after decisions are made. This ineffective form of communication can lead to mistrust and delays or changes in the remediation process.Effective public participation requires multidirectional modes of communication that provide for active and full involvement by all interested parties. At the present time, most agencies pay minimal attention to the needs of the interested public, often leaving area residents suspicious and dissatisfied with the overall program. There is an opportunity to significantly improve the public participation component of the federal Super‐fund program through reauthorization. Subtle changes in the program can result in a significant increase of the public's sense of participation and overall satisfa

ISSN:1051-5658    

DOI:10.1002/rem.3440090304

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1999

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe successful use of the Superfund program involves developing partnerships with all of the stakeholders early in the process. Citizens living near Superfund sites are the primary stakeholders, falling victim to many health risks and economic costs. When equipped with technical advisors, citizens can play a primary role in the remediation decisions being made at hazardous waste sites. This article illustrates the important role and impact of concerned citizens living near the Niagara Mohawk Power Corporation Superfund site in Saratoga Springs, New York. The Superfund program was used successfully at this site in a number of ways, mainly in that it provided technical advisors through a technical assistance grant (TAG) for the citizens, which resulted in a thorough and conclusive remedial investigation.

ISSN:1051-5658    

DOI:10.1002/rem.3440090305

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1999

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA field study was conducted to compare the effectiveness of land treatment and mesophilic composting in removing aged polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) from soil. The soil composting treatment, which had 20 percent (w/w) fresh organic matter incorporated into the soil, reached mesophilic temperatures of 45 to 50°C at week 3–4 and was effective in reducing PAH from 2240 mg/kg to 120 mg/kg after 224 days of treatment. Conventional land treatment with and without added cow manure (5 percent w/w) was less effective in removing the PAH from the soil than was the mesophilic soil composting treatment. In a parallel laboratory trial, PAH concentrations were reduced below 500 mg/kg (the target cleanup concentration for the site) when the contaminated soil was amended with 20 to 30 percent (w/w) fresh organic matter after 186 days of treatment. PAH degradation was lower in the laboratory trial compared with the field trial and no self‐heating of soil was demonstrated in the laboratory. Based on the relatively high total heterotrophic and naphthalene‐degrading microbial populations in the nonsterile treatments, it was apparent that the absence of microorganisms was unlikely to have limited the biodegradation of PAH in the current study. Fresh organic matter amendments of green tree waste and cow manure, regular mixing of the compost, and maintenance of moisture by regular watering were critical factors in achieving the target PAH concentr

ISSN:1051-5658    

DOI:10.1002/rem.3440090306

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1999

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAlthough open‐path Fourier‐transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy has been an Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Toxic Organic Compendium Method since 1996, it has been underutilized as a means to assess exposure to gaseous contaminants during the remediation of hazardous waste sites. This might be considered surprising in light of the many benefits that proper application of this technology can offer. In this article, we provide an overview of the technology and the principle of operation, describe the nature of the data generated, discuss the benefits associated with the technology's use in site clean‐up, present emission‐rate estimation techniques, and examine the reasons why it has not gained more support over the years. Finally, we present a case study in which the technology was used to drive an 11‐month emergency removal action under the direction of the U.S. Environmental Protecti

ISSN:1051-5658    

DOI:10.1002/rem.3440090307

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1999

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractPhytoremediation is a new technology that uses specially selected metal‐accumulating plants as an attractive and economical method to clean up soils contaminated with heavy metals and radionuclides. The integration of specially selected metal‐accumulating crop plants(Brassica juncea (L) Czern.)with innovative soil amendments allows plants to achieve high biomass and metal accumulation rates. In a recent study conducted at a lead‐contaminated site in Trenton, New Jersey, the soil was treated with phytoremediation using successive crops ofB. junceacombined with soil amendments. Through phytoremediation, the average surface soil lead concentration was reduced by 13 percent. In addition, the target soil concentration of 400 mg/kg was achieved in approximately 72 percent of the treated area in one cropping s

ISSN:1051-5658    

DOI:10.1002/rem.3440090308

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1999

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractOriginated from a recognized need for significantly more effective technologies for soil cleanup, the LasagnaTMproject provides an interesting case study in which industry, government, and academia successfully collaborated to rapidly advance the technology from the laboratory to the field. Called LasagnaTMbecause of its layered configurations, the technology combines electrically induced contaminant transport in soils, treatment in place, and geotechnical methods to achieve completely in situ clean‐up of contaminated soils. Experiences with respect to the partnership, the development of technology and its current commercialization status are describe

ISSN:1051-5658    

DOI:10.1002/rem.3440090309

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1999

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractBiological plugs are an innovative, low‐intervention, in‐situ bioremediation methodology for both saturated and unsaturated contaminated soils. They are modular in‐ground immobilized microbe bioreactors designed to rapidly increase the oxidation of organic contaminants by placing an adapted consortia of microorganisms in close proximity to the contaminants of concern. The approach is versatile, in that contaminants can be remediated in‐situ without the removal of existing structures as well as being able to efficiently and economically treat contaminants over a large area. Amine‐ and glycol‐contaminated soils at gas sweetening plants, represent a significant problem in magnitude, prevalence, and risk along pipelines stretching through Canada's western provinces. A field pilot study was conducted at an isolated former gas sweetening plant in northwestern Alberta. Monoethyamine (MEA) and several glycols were successfully remediated in situ in a 138‐day time frame. Soil toxicity was significantly reduced. The engineering challenges and associated economics of remediating such isolated sites are a

ISSN:1051-5658    

DOI:10.1002/rem.3440090310

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1999

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:1051-5658    

DOI:10.1002/rem.3440090311

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1999

数据来源: WILEY