ISSN:1051-5658    

DOI:10.1002/rem.3440080102

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1997

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis article describes the utility of Spizizen medium in effecting the release of 2,4 dinitrotoluene (DNT) from plasticized propellant in aged clay soil and of added Pseudomonas organisms in enhancing the rate of degradation of DNT in clay and sandy soils. DNT is an environmental problem because of its toxicity to mammals. It is proposed that the citrate in Spizizen medium chelates metals that form the aggregates of humin in aged clay soils, thereby releasing propellant components. Lack of awareness of DNT mobilization by citrate or other polyanions may lead to a potential underestimation of the 2,4 DNT present in aged contaminated soil and a potential increased release of DNT following exposure to solvents containing citrate or other polyanions. DNT in contaminated sandy soils was rapidly degraded when Pseudomonas and Spizizen medium were added (85% degraded in 20 days). Pseudomonas isolated/Torn soils at the Badger Plant have particular utility for the in situ degradation of 2,4 DNT in clay and sandy soils because they metabolize Spizizen medium, thrive in diverse climates, and have been selected for their ability to grow in soils contaminated with DNT. Mixture of either the contaminated clay soil or the contaminated sandy soil with uncontaminated prairie silt loam (20:80 ratio) facilitated management of the treatment process. This observation is important because of the widespread distribution, and hence low cost, of this soil type in the central United States.

ISSN:1051-5658    

DOI:10.1002/rem.3440080103

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1997

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAir sparging was pilot tested at a site where a groundwater plume containing cis‐1,2‐dichloroethene (cis‐DCE), vinyl chloride (VC) and arsenic resulted from landfill operations. In addition to the commonly used methods for estimating air sparging zone of influence (ZOI), in‐well temperature was monitored using sensitive thermocouples and data loggers at several monitoring wells of various screened intervals during the test. Following 42 days of pilot testing, the downgradient monitoring well samples were below maximum contaminant levels (MCLs)for all contaminants of concern, VC and dissolved arsenic were below detection limits (0.5 and 10 milligrams per liter [μg/L], respectively) in all of the downgradient monitoring wells.The ZOI monitoring results indicated that at some locations use of mounding data may overestimate the ZOI when the temperature data suggest that no sparged air was entering the well screen. Therefore, monitoring in‐well temperature may provide additional useful information for estimating air sparging ZOI and is more indicative of air pathways than other monitoring methods. In addition, the temperature data were valuable for selecting a pulse frequency and duration to optimize groundwa

ISSN:1051-5658    

DOI:10.1002/rem.3440080104

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1997

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractBarriers to redevelopment of contaminated lands have led to vacant or underutilized sites termed “brown fields.” These barriers fall into six categories: regulatory, technical/scientific, legal/liability, financial, urbanplanning, and communications. The lack of protection to innocent parties, such as developers and lenders, and the lack of guidance for applying sitespecific and risk‐based remediation approaches are two key barriers to redevelopment. This article presents guiding principles for redeveloping brownfields and recommends best practices toward overcoming existing barriers to such redevelopment. Success stories of redeveloped contaminated industrial sites are provided to illuminate the effectiveness of the best practices app

ISSN:1051-5658    

DOI:10.1002/rem.3440080105

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1997

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAt hazardous waste sites, a 1 μg/kg (ppb) cleanup level has commonly been used for dioxin in residential soil. This article outlines reasons for the continued use of this value in site remediation. Dioxin, one of the most toxic compounds known, has been a focus of scientific study for many years. However, controversy continues to surround its regulation, with some scientists arguing that new scientific results support decreasing risk estimates for dioxin and others taking the opposite view. Part of this controversy appears to involve a decreasing emphasis on cancer and an increased concern about non‐cancer and ecological impacts of dioxin. The 1 ppb soil cleanup level represents a reasonable generic value for dioxin, with higher or lower values required on a case‐by‐case basis to protect specific popul

ISSN:1051-5658    

DOI:10.1002/rem.3440080106

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1997

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractGroundwater was being remediated with pump and treat technology at a facility where the groundwater was contaminated with commonly used degreaser solvents. Hydraulic conductivity of the heterogeneous residuum was beneficiated by applying pneumatic fracturing technology. The remedial system was controlled and monitored by a sophisticated remote telemetry system. A case history follows.

ISSN:1051-5658    

DOI:10.1002/rem.3440080107

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1997

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractSince 1994, there has been a significant regulatory shift toward risk‐based cleanup standards based on the site‐specific risk of the more toxic and mobile compounds; namely, benzene, ethyl benzene, toluene, and xylene (BTEX). This regulatory shift has been accompanied by a growing acceptance of natural attenuation as an important component of petroleum site remediation. This article briefly reviews regulatory progress toward risk‐based remediation and describes the successful application of risk‐based corrective actions (RBCAs) at two fuel contaminated sites on Air Force installations. By developing site‐specific cleanup goals, and combining natural attenuation, source reduction, and land use controls, innovative risk‐based closure plans have been implemented on

ISSN:1051-5658    

DOI:10.1002/rem.3440080108

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1997

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe Department of Energy (DOE) is conducting a Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act (CERCLA) mandated Remedial Investigation/Feasibility Study for a site contaminated with Dense Non‐Aqueous Phase Liquid (DNAPL) pollutants. Three key efforts were a hydrogeological modeling approach, the generation of feasible sequences of technologies, and the screening of alternative technologies. This research uses a decision analysis process to provide a quantitative assessment of the candidate technologies. Decision analysis modeling was used to gain insight into each sequence of technologies. Sensitivity analysis was also conducted to assess the impact of key assumptions. The results provided the DOE with an objective and traceable rationale for screening and reducing all of the potential technology combinations to 58 technology combinations and a method for identifying the top scoring combinations. The approach has wide applicability to similar CERCLA remediation effort

ISSN:1051-5658    

DOI:10.1002/rem.3440080109

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1997

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractSandia National Laboratories' Environmental Restoration (ER) Project remediated the Radioactive Waste Landfill and Chemical Disposal Pits (RWL/CDPs) sites located in Albuquerque, New Mexico. The remediation was conducted in 1996 using conventional excavation, as well as hybrid remote robotic manipulation technology at a cost of approximately $3 million. Wastes generated included approximately 73 cubic meters (m3) of debris (including thermal batteries, spark gap tubes, radioactive sources, weapons components, and some classified material), 535 m3of plutonium‐contaminated soil, and 2,294 m3of soil contaminated with thorium, cesium, uranium, and tritium. The remediation was successful since the project goal of risk reduction was accomplished and no injuries or negative occurrences resulted. This cleanup is one example of the Department of Energy's (DOE's) accelerated approach to environmental restoration. The remediation was performed as a voluntary corrective measure to reduce schedule and budget, compared with the traditional approach following Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) regulation

ISSN:1051-5658    

DOI:10.1002/rem.3440080110

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1997

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe U. S. Army Environmental Center (USAEC) is leading an effort to update the Remediation Technologies Screening Matrix and Reference Guide, Third Edition under the auspices of the Federal Remediation Technologies Roundtable (FRTR). Its purpose is to create a comprehensive “Remediation Technologies Yellow Pages” for use by those responsible for environmental cleanup. The Guide is being produced as a multiagency cooperative effort published under the FRTR. Members of this effort include USAEC, the U. S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE), the Naval Facilities Engineering Service Center (NFESC), the Air Force Center for Environmental Excellence (AFCEE), the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), the Department of Energy (DOE), the Department of the Interior (DOI), and the Interstate Technologies Regulation Cooperative (ITRC). This article provides a comprehensive look at environmental technology information provided in the electronic user‐defined Remediation Technologies Screening Matrix and Reference

ISSN:1051-5658    

DOI:10.1002/rem.3440080111

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1997

数据来源: WILEY