ISSN:1051-5658    

DOI:10.1002/rem.3440010302

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe Bog Creek Farm CERCLA (Superfund) site in Howell Township, New Jersey, was extensively contaminated, allegedly with wastes from paint manufacturing. The site contained two types of incinerable wastes: contaminated soils and sediments. A remedial investigation and feasibility study (RI/FS) was conducted, leading to a recommendation to treat the most contaminated areas by incineration. This recommendation was converted into the selected approach through the Record of Decision (ROD) mechanism. Contaminants at the Bog Creek Farm site included a wide range of volatiles, semivolatiles, and heavy metals. The incineration approach chosen, therefore, had to remove the organics from the soil without creating additional problems associated with heavy metals emissions. In order to evaluate the incineration problem and develop an advisory conceptual design for its solution, Ebasco Services Incorporated performed extensive characterizations of the material. Such characterizations included performing proximate and ultimate analyses and determining other key physical, chemical, and thermodynamic properties of the soils and sludges.Energy and Environmental Research Corporation (EER) then performed treatability studies in its rotary kiln test incinerator. These treatability studies focused upon the rotary kiln, and the environment required for cleaning the soil. They assumed that contaminants in the vapor phase could be destroyed in the afterburner. Tests were conducted at bed temperatures of 1,000°F, 1,460°F, and 1,800°F. Samples were drawn from the kiln at intermediate times. Combustion regimes were therefore constructed for the treatment of Bog Creek Farm wastes, maximizing organic removal while managing the heavy metals problem.Ebasco then converted the results of the incinerability or treatability studies into an advisory conceptual design. This advisory conceptual design called for a kiln temperature of 1,600°F (bed temperature of 1,200°F) and a solids residence time in the kiln of 40 minutes. Additional data indicated that the afterburner could operate at 1,800°F in order to ensure destruction of the POHCs. Combustion chemistry fundamentals demonstrated that the minimum afterburner temperature required was 1,650°F. Ebasco converted this conceptual design into a performance specification to be used in the bid process, under the management of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. The remediation was then put out to bid. Chemical Waste Management was the successful bidder. The incineration was successfully completed by August 1990; the system was then demobilized, as the site was reme

ISSN:1051-5658    

DOI:10.1002/rem.3440010303

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThere currently exists a need for better characterization and simulation of the processes that occur during the incineration of hazardous wastes in the environment of a rotary kiln. Addressing this need, a comprehensive research program was formed with the goal of developing a rudimentary predictive capability for rotary kiln incineration of hazardous wastes. This comprehensive program is headed by Louisiana State University and includes interaction with the University of Utah and also various industrial participants. Such cooperation allows use of laboratory, pilot, and field scale equipment. While laboratory scale experiments provide the necessary decoupling of complex phenomena and a high degree of experimental control, and pilot scale studies provide more realism at the expense of experimental control, the problems of scale‐up make generalization of results to field scale units very tenuous. The unique aspect of the LSU program is the coupling of the laboratory and pilot scale units with afield scale unit in order to overcome these generalizations.In this study, plastic packs containing a mixture of toluene and sorbent were fed to a field‐scale rotary kiln incinerator at a rate of one pack every 10 minutes. Selected continuous gas samples and temperatures were obtained from the exit of the rotary kiln, from the afterburner, and from the stack. These measurements were obtained during various operating conditions. These data provide, for the first time, an ability to compare conditions in the kiln to simultaneous conditions in the afterburner and stack.This paper outlines several new experimental features of our field‐scale tests conducted in October 1990. Oxygen responses from the kiln, the afterburner, and the stack are compared during various operating condi

ISSN:1051-5658    

DOI:10.1002/rem.3440010304

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis article is a critical analysis of the treatment potential of bioremediation technology to degrade eight major environmental pollutants, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, phenols, pentachlorophenols, creosote, polychlorinated biphenyls, trichloroethylene, chlorobenzoates, and chlorophenols. The discussion includes information on transformation mechanisms, identification of intermediate metabolites, elucidation of partial or complete pathways, effects of environmental parameters, as well as current and future industrial application.Results indicate that bioremediation used in conjunction with other physical and chemical treatment methodologies can effectively transform most prevalent nonchlorinated organic contaminants and some chlorinated contaminants, such as creosote and pentachlorophenol, into innocuous materials. Successful biodegradation of several other chlorinated organic compounds, notably polychlorinated biphenyls and trichloroethylene, is currently possible only under controlled laboratory conditions. Future successful field applications, however, appear promising.

ISSN:1051-5658    

DOI:10.1002/rem.3440010305

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractPentachlorophenol (PCP) is a widely used wood treatment agent and pesticide that is often listed among the contaminants at hazardous waste sites. Bench‐scale studies were performed to develop a microbial culture and biodegradative process that could treat PCP at higher concentrations than previously reported. Several substrate formulations and culture techniques were evaluated. Ultimately a “self‐feeding” (pH auxostat) continuous culture system (pH auxostat) was used to select for biodegradative activity with PCP as the carbon and energy source. After a period of 50 days, influent PCP concentrations reached 3,500 mg/liter at a dilution rate of 0.066 H−1. Of the total theoretical chloride that could be released from PCP, 99% was detected as free chloride in the reactor effluent. PCP analysis of the effluent verified complete degradation by the microbial consortium. The reactor was converted to a constant PCP feed. At steady state conditions, the dilution rate was 0.05 H−1with an influent PCP concentration of 2,560 mg/liter and a biomass yield of 018 mg (dry weight) per mg of PCP. Mineralization studies performed with the microbial consortium using [U‐14C1]‐PCP indicated that 36.5% of the label was released as 14C

ISSN:1051-5658    

DOI:10.1002/rem.3440010306

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractWith increasingly stringent federal, state, and local regulations, reliable operation of environmental remediation systems is critical. Most environmental systems are required to operate continuously—night and day—and to be closely monitored for performance and reporting. For the owners of these systems, the cost associated with their long‐term operation and monitoring is a growing concern. This article describes a cost‐effective solution to control and monitor these systems, both locally and from remote locations. Two case studies are p

ISSN:1051-5658    

DOI:10.1002/rem.3440010307

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) is beginning major environmental restoration projects of both active and inactive sites throughout the United States. The problems at the sites include contaminated soils, groundwater and surface waters, structures, and old waste disposal areas.IT Corporation, under the direction of the Office of Independent Cost Estimating (OICE) for DOE, developed a list of environmental problems at the sites and probable cleanup technologies and techniques that could be used. Estimated unit costs were then developed for these cleanup technologies, using available data and references.Some procedures developed were common to many or all cleanup projects. These included site characterization, remedial investigation (RI), feasibility studies (FS), and the closure/post‐closure phase. The article will focus on cost estimating of the closure/post‐closure phase of a cleanup project. The cost data provided are for budget level or check estimates. Site‐specific conditions as well as items peculiar to the environmental industry, such as governmental regulations and community relations, can influence both the cost and duration of a cleanup pr

ISSN:1051-5658    

DOI:10.1002/rem.3440010308

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractEnvironmental contamination with ionic chromium has been identified as a problem at numerous Superfund and RCRA Corrective Action sites. In many cases, contamination of groundwater to levels above existing standards or criteria may be a potential problem both for direct consumption of groundwater and for transport of mobile forms of chromium to areas such as basements where it can becontacted. In the environment, chromium occurs in two forms: trivalent and hexavalent. The trivalent form is generally immobile and nontoxic; hexavalent chromium is generally mobile and toxic. This article first presents the extent of the chromium problem, reviews the environmental chemistry literature on chromium, and reviews existing treatment technology for chromium immobilization in the nontoxic trivalent state. Finally, we present a case study where immobilization of chromium occurred through natural processes allowing a modified no‐action scenario for site remediatio

ISSN:1051-5658    

DOI:10.1002/rem.3440010309

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractUltraviolet light/oxidation has proven its effectiveness in destroying volatile organic chemicals (VOCs) found in groundwater during a U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) field study. Under the Superfund Innovative Technology Evaluation (SITE) program, PRC Environmental Management, Inc., and EPA monitored the performance of a system employing advanced oxidation techniques at the Lorentz Barrel&Drum (LB&D) Superfund site in San Jose, California.The firm of Ultrox International (Santa Ana, CA) demonstrated its technology for combining ultraviolet light, hydrogen peroxide and ozone to oxidize toxic organic chemicals found in water. All evaluation criteria were successfully met in the study's results. Greater than 90% of the VOCs were removed. The applicable discharge standards (National Pollution Discharge Elimination System) were attained, and there were no emissions.

ISSN:1051-5658    

DOI:10.1002/rem.3440010310

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:1051-5658    

DOI:10.1002/rem.3440010311

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY