摘要:

AbstractRemediation of halogenated organic compounds—such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polychlorinated dibenzo‐p‐dioxins (PCDDs), and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs)—poses a challenge because these compounds are resistant to microbial attack and to degradation by many common chemicals. Since the mid‐1980s, the Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA's) Office of Research and Development in Cincinnati, Ohio—the National Risk Management Research Laboratory (NRMRL)—has funded research and development efforts to develop specialized, chemical dehalogenation processes for detoxifying PCBs and related compounds. NRMRL owns domestic rights for “basic process” patents on a chemical dehalogenation process commonly known as Base Catalyzed Decomposition (BCD). EPA has licensed the process to two firms for use in the United States. This article summarizes laboratory‐scale, pilot‐scale, and field performance data on BCD technology collected to date by various governmental, academic, and

ISSN:1051-5658    

DOI:10.1002/rem.3440090402

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1999

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIndustry and regulatory demands for rapid and cost‐effective clean up of hydrocarbon and other contamination in soil and groundwater has prompted development and improvement of in‐situ remediation technologies. In‐situ technologies offer many advantages over ex‐situ treatment alternatives, including lower initial capital and long‐term operation and maintenance costs, less site disruption, no Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) liability, and shorter treatment time necessary to achieve cleanup objectives. Fenton's reagent, a mixture of hydrogen peroxide and ferrous iron that generates a hydroxyl free radical as an oxidizing agent, is widely accepted for chemical oxidation of organic contaminants in the wastewater industry. In‐situ implementation of Fenton's reagent for chemical oxidation of organic contaminants in soil and groundwater continues to grow in acceptance and application to a wide variety of environmental contaminants and hydrogeologic conditions

ISSN:1051-5658    

DOI:10.1002/rem.3440090403

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1999

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractEnhanced Sludge Washing (ESW) with caustic has the potential to significantly reduce the amount of sludge‐based underground storage tank (UST) high‐level radioactive waste at the Hanford Site. The alternative to ESW is a simple sludge wash, a process that does not take advantege of recent dissolution development efforts. During the past several years, studies have been conducted to determine the remediation cost savings derived from the development and deployment of ESW. The tank waste inventory and ESW process performance continues to be revised as waste characterization, and ESW development efforts advance. This study provides a new cost savings estimate based upon the most recent waste inventory and ESW process performance revisions, an estimate of the associated cost savings uncertainty, and an estimate of the rate of return (ROR) on the investment in technology development. The revised remediation cost savings estimate due to ESW of all UST waste at Hanford is $4.8 billion ± $0.7 billion within 95 percent confidence in 1998 dollars. The ROR on investment was estimated to range from 100 percent to 130 percent. A sensitivity analysis indicated that it would be difficult to imagine a remediation scenario for which ESW did not yield a significant remediation cost savings and

ISSN:1051-5658    

DOI:10.1002/rem.3440090404

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1999

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractEndosulfan is an economically important insecticide and widespread environmental pollutant, originating from a wide range of agricultural activities. The major implication from the feasibility study described was that endosulfan I can be remediated by natural attenuation processes in cotton‐farming soil, in which concentrations were relatively low, as well as heavily contaminated soil, from an agricultural chemical waste (evaporation) pit. Endosulfan I, the major isomer of endosulfan, was present in agricultural soils with low (2.2 mg/kg) and high (417 mg/kg) concentrations of technical‐grade endosulfan. The half‐lives of the major isomer of endosulfan were 94 and greater than 350 days in the low‐level (cotton farming soil) and high‐level (contaminated soil), respectively. Even under conditions of minimal intervention, as in the current study, endosulfan concentrations in contaminated soils can be substantially reduced. The nonbiological process of soil binding was predominantly responsible for the natural attenuation of endosulfan I in both soils. Low levels of mineralization of the chlorinated ring14C‐labelled carbons were also reported, but mineralization did not play an important role in natural attenuation of endosulfan I in either s

ISSN:1051-5658    

DOI:10.1002/rem.3440090405

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1999

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractHazardous waste site investigations were carried out at the Marine Corps Air Station (MCAS) in Yuma, Arizona and at Hanscom Air Force Base (HAFB) in Bedford, Massachusetts. The purpose of the first was to determine the location and extent of metals contamination throughout the base. The objective of the second was to evaluate the risk of metals contamination to groundwater from soil at three locations within the airfield. Dynamic workplans were developed and an adaptive sampling and analysis plan carried out with the data produced in the field used to support the goals of each project. An inductively coupled plasma/optical emission spectrometer (ICP/OES) was modified for field operation. A more efficient microwave digestion method and pressurized Teflon filtration system were developed for the HAFB project. Results were comparable to standard Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) methods, which must rely on two digestion procedures to recover EPA‐targeted metals within the prescribed recovery range. The MCAS investigation, conducted over a five‐month period, advanced the Navy's efforts from 30 months behind schedule to 18 months ahead of schedule, while the data generated at HAFB showed no risk to groundwater from met

ISSN:1051-5658    

DOI:10.1002/rem.3440090406

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1999

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe removal of dense non‐aqueous phase liquids (DNAPL) in‐situ remains one of the remediation industry's toughest burden. Numerous treatment methods have been applied in an effort to deal with this problem, most requiring many years of continued application to produce even marginally successful results. Current Environment Solutions (CES) has brought a new technology, known as Six‐Phase Heating™ (SPH), to bear on this problem. This new technology is proving capable of providing rapid remediation of DNAPL‐contaminated sites at reasona

ISSN:1051-5658    

DOI:10.1002/rem.3440090407

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1999

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractMad cow disease and related transmissible spongiform encephalopathy diseases (TSEs) in both animals and humans have received worldwide attention. Interestingly, the issue of managing biohazardous wastes, for which TSE agents are an issue, has received little attention by environmental professionals. The burial of wastes associated with mad cow and related diseases may eventually lead to unusual challenges for remediation professionals. The core challenge is that medical researchers have confirmed the incredible difficulty in destroying TSE infectious agents or pathogens, generally called prions. Risk reduction is certainly possible with treatment technologies, but complete elimination of risk by reliable and verifiable destruction of all TSE agents is probably infeasible. Proving the efficacy of any waste treatment method for TSE‐infected wastes is not practical because there is no commercially available test for TSE pathogens (although one is expected soon) and in only a few cases is there a reasonable surrogate approach. These circumstances have contributed to some biohazardous waste managers discounting the TSE issue. The goal of this article is to more thoroughly analyze available information and various risks to identify useful implications for alternative waste management technologies. A number of prudent actions can be taken in recognition of the TSE problem, including more careful assessment of treatment technologies, avoiding any reuse or recycling of waste treatment residues, using air pollution control systems to avoid releases of materials possibly containing infectious agents, and using wastewater pretreatment prior to sewer disposa

ISSN:1051-5658    

DOI:10.1002/rem.3440090408

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1999

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:1051-5658    

DOI:10.1002/rem.3440090409

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1999

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:1051-5658    

DOI:10.1002/rem.3440090410

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1999

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:1051-5658    

DOI:10.1002/rem.3440090401

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1999

数据来源: WILEY