ISSN:1051-5658    

DOI:10.1002/rem.3440010402

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractBiological processes have been used to remediate petroleum hydrocarbons, pesticides, chlorinated solvents, and halogenated aromatic hydrocarbons. Biological treatment of contaminated soils may involve solid‐phase, slurry‐phase, or in situ treatment techniques. This article will review the general principle of solid‐phase bioremediation and discuss the application of this technique for the cleanup of total petroleum hydrocarbons on two sites.These remedial programs will reduce total petroleum hydrocarbon contamination from the mean concentration of 2,660 ppm to under the 200‐ppm cleanup criteria for soil and under the 15‐ppm cleanup criteria for groundwater. Over 32,000 yards of soil have been treated by solid‐phase treatment to date. The in situ system operation is effectively producing biodegradation in the subsurface. The project is approximately one‐t

ISSN:1051-5658    

DOI:10.1002/rem.3440010403

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAs a result of former industrial activities, many properties across the United States contain various chemicals in their soils at concentrations above background levels. Polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are often encountered at sites of gas manufacture, wood treating, tar refining, coke making, and petroleum reflning. When the presence of PAHs in site soil is deemed to create a situation of unacceptable risk to public health or the environment, treatment or disposal is required to reduce concentrations to acceptable levels.The ideal remedial process for PAHs in soils would destroy them to an environmentally sound level at relatively low cost without producing adverse by‐products. In many cases bioremediation can accomplish these goals. The degree to which bioremediation can destroy PAHs in a particular soil, however, is highly dependent on the characteristics of that soil, including the nature of the hydrocarbon that is the source of the PAHs.It is the objective of this article to describe efforts leading to this conclusion and to summarize how soil characteristics influence bioremediation of PAH

ISSN:1051-5658    

DOI:10.1002/rem.3440010404

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe Rocky Mountain Arsenal (RMA) in Adams County, Colorado has been identified as a priority site on the Superfund National Priority List. The Program Manager's Office of RMA announced in early 1990 its intention to implement installation of a state‐of‐the‐art incineration plant to treat the most complex and controversial waste stream on the site.Established in 1942, RMA served as an Army manufacturing center for chemical agents such as mustard gas, white phosphorus, napalm, and GB nerve agent. Parts of the site were also leased to Shell Oil Company, which manufactured pesticides and other agricultural chemicals at this location between 1952 and 1982.To support these activities, the Army operated a ninety‐three‐acre surface impoundment called Basin F for collection and evaporation of chemical wastewaters. As a result of the wide variety of wastes received and concentrated at Basin F and early treatment attempts, its contents became one of the most unusual chemical cocktails known to man. By the time a formal interim response action for remediation was initiated in 1985, the composition of the Basin consisted of a multi‐phase fluid and sludge, including super‐saturated levels of inorganic salts; 30 percent or more organics such as pesticides, military agent by‐products, degradation products, and solvents; high levels of ammonia compounds and bound nitrogen; and percent levels of copper, arsenic, and other metals.Selection of a remedial alternative involved twelve years of characterizationstudies and eleven years of treatability testing programs encompassing the universe of containment; encapsulation; stabilization; component separation; and thermal, electrical, chemical, and biological degradation technologies. The program resulted in the selection of a state‐of‐the‐art down‐fired liquid incinerator for destruction of aqueous organic contaminants in metallic salt matrices.The treatability demonstration, and the technical justification for selection of the T‐Thermal submerged quench incinerator for this application, is th

ISSN:1051-5658    

DOI:10.1002/rem.3440010405

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractToday's hazardous waste engineering practice is based on the premise that the current technologies for conducting hazardous waste remediation are sufficient to solve most problems. The premise is false: Except for simple sites, the current practice cannot deliver answers with the required accuracy and precision. This article describes the huge uncertainties present in complex hazardous waste remediation efforts. It also discusses the “observational” method, which originated in the geotechnical engineering field, as a means of coping with these uncertainties during site characterization and remediation. The article includes case‐study examples illustrating the use of the observational method at hazardous waste

ISSN:1051-5658    

DOI:10.1002/rem.3440010406

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractBoth biological treatment and carbon adsorption have inherent advantages for remediation of groundwater contaminated with compounds such as benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes (BTEX). Biological treatment destroys the contaminants and is extremely cost‐effective. Carbon adsorption is a positive removal mechanism that ensures a product water of high quality, but the process is relatively expensive and requires frequent carbon replacement and/or regeneration. Coupling the two processes realizes the inherent advantages of both approaches. An additional benefit of combining these removal mechanisms in a biological fluidizedbed reactor (FBR) system is that no loss of BTEX from volatilization occurs, since predissolution of oxygen is used in place of conventional aeration for the fluidized‐bed process.This article summarizes preliminary performance data from a laboratory, pilot‐scale biological FBR, using granulated activated carbon (GAC) as the support media (GAC‐FBR), operated at various BTEX concentrations and organic loading rates. Greater than 99‐percent degradation of total BTEX was achieved at an organic loading rate of 3.0 kg COD/m3‐day or less and an empty bed hydraulic retention time of 5.0 minutes. System performance was extremely robust, easily handling a tenfold step increase in loading due to the combined adsorptive capability of the biofilm‐coated GAC and ability to subsequently bioregenerate the GAC. Monitoring verified that no off‐gas was produced d

ISSN:1051-5658    

DOI:10.1002/rem.3440010407

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractLow‐temperature thermal aeration (LTTA) is a remedial technology developed by Canonie Environmental Services Corp. (Canonie) for use on soils containing nonchlorinated hydrocarbons, chlorinated solvents, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), chlorinated pesticides, and low levels of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). The LTTA system separates these hazardous constituents from excavated soils and allows the treated soils to be redeposited on‐site without restriction.This article describes the various components and operation of LTTA systems for the remediation of soils contaminated with chlorinated and nonchlorinated constituents. The article also details the results of projects completed to date, principally for soil impacted with chlorinated hydrocarbons, and discusses the general characteristics and results of systems used for soils contaminated with nonchlorinated hydrocarbons (gasoline, et

ISSN:1051-5658    

DOI:10.1002/rem.3440010408

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis article describes the selection and field evaluation of dredging equipment and techniques for removal of highly contaminated sediments from the upper estuary of the Acusbnet River, a portion of the New Bedford Harbor Supetfund Project. Site conditions as related to dredge selection and operation, factors considered in selection of equipment, and various dredge types considered for use are described. Each of the dredge types is ranked according to the following criteria: availability, safety, potential for sediment resuspension, maneuverability, cleanup precision, cost and production, flexibility, required water depth for operation, ability to access the site, and compatibility with disposal options. A field pilot study comparing three dredge types indicated that dredging could be conducted at the site without a significant increase in the contaminant release from the upper estuary to the lower harbor.

ISSN:1051-5658    

DOI:10.1002/rem.3440010409

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:1051-5658    

DOI:10.1002/rem.3440010410

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:1051-5658    

DOI:10.1002/rem.3440010411

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY