摘要:

AbstractFor the 33 species of Hirudinea in the fresh waters of Central Europe the following saprobiological data are given: saprobic valency, indicative weight and specific saprobic index. A detailed key is established for determining the 33 species, with a large number of pictures. All the species have a relatively wide range of ecological valency, so that their application for determining the degree of saprobity is meaningful only in connection with different types of indicators.

ISSN:0323-4320    

DOI:10.1002/aheh.19840120502

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0323-4320    

DOI:10.1002/aheh.19840120503

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIn this paper, a comprehensive survey is presented of the state of knowledge of the occurrence, chemical structure elucidation and biological importance of pheromones in fishes: fright and alarm substances, male and female sexual pheromones, intrasexual stimulants, school formation, social structure and individual recognition, pheromones and fish migration. Especially treated are the problems connected with the chemoreception under changed environmental conditions as well as the possibilities of utilizing pheromones or substances with a similar effect in fishery.

ISSN:0323-4320    

DOI:10.1002/aheh.19840120504

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA tabular survey is given from literature concerning seven extraction techniques, 14 thin‐layer chromatographic detection techniques and 15 spray reagents. From the possibilities represented in this way, a newly composed method is described which can be carried out in any routine laboratory within one hour and has proved successful in situations of average of the drinking water supply. 1 l water is extracted with 25 ml CCl4, the extract is concentrated in the vacuum to 1 ml and chromatographed withn‐hexane on a prefabricated foil. Detection is carried out with 10% methanolic molybdophosphoric acid. The detection limit is at 0.5

ISSN:0323-4320    

DOI:10.1002/aheh.19840120505

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0323-4320    

DOI:10.1002/aheh.19840120506

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe bile liquid is preserved with ethanol and the protein is precipitated. Prefractionating is done by liquid‐liquid extraction by chloroform and ethyl acetate. The extracts are column‐chromatographically separated on Florisil and subsequently detected by thin‐layer chromatography. For determining the identity of substances, the penta fluorobenzyl derivatives are prepared and chromatographed under the same conditions. Detection is carried out with the aid of ammoniacal silver nitrate reagency and ultraviolet irradiation. The highly polar conjugates of chlorophenoxyalkane acids and chlorophenols which are present in the bile are cracked by acid hydrolysis and then cleaned by re‐extraction. In this way, 2, 4‐D, MCPA, MCPP, 2,4‐dichlorophenol and 2‐methyl‐4‐chlorophenol were detected fromSalmo gairdneri.6… 21 d after the application of the herbicides in the catchment area their concentration in the fish bile amounted to about 200 mg/l, 90% of them having been conjugates. Thus, the biliary excretion of xenobiotic substances offers an important new aspect of biomonitoring by means of fish tests, especially in the range of subacute a

ISSN:0323-4320    

DOI:10.1002/aheh.19840120507

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0323-4320    

DOI:10.1002/aheh.19840120508

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIn the chlorination of drinking water about 90% of chlorine show an oxidizing effect, 10% result in halogenated reaction products, ca. 1% of them consisting of trihalomethanes. When chlorine dioxide is applied, in most the trihalomethanes remain below the detection limit, but increasingly polar organic reaction products originate, on the other hand. Chloramine is rarely applied, mostly for securing transport with storage reservoir waters. Only little information about reaction products is available. By the application of ozone one obtains a wide spectrum of reaction products, the aldehyde contents can be influenced by activated carbon. Especially critical is the formation of persistent epoxides, above all from pesticides. Due to antimon burners, the ultraviolet irradiation is gaining in interest, and in many cases its biocidal effect is superior to that produced by chlorination and ozonization, except for the problem of re‐germination in the water supply network. The costs of ultraviolet irradiation, however, are much higher than those of the other techniques, of which chlorination causes only about one quarter of the costs of the other chemical disinfection technique

ISSN:0323-4320    

DOI:10.1002/aheh.19840120509

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0323-4320    

DOI:10.1002/aheh.19840120510

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe attempt was made to use the algaScenedesmus quadricaudafor the purification of wastewaters from the production of artificial leather. The dimethylamine contained in these wastewaters is continuously decomposed and the remaining nitrogen‐containing residuals are used as a nutrient source for the production of algal biomass. In continuous experiments with original wastewaters, dimethylamine and its metabolites showed a pronounced inhibiting effect. In practice, a longer retention time in the reactors as well as a sufficient share of municipal wastewater are required in order to avoid a limiting of growth due to a phosphorus deficiency. The second part of this paper is concluded by information about other investigations performed by us on the purification of artificial leather wastewaters with the aid of the biological nitrogen elimination under specific conditions with a successful denitrification of up to 95

ISSN:0323-4320    

DOI:10.1002/aheh.19840120511

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY