摘要:

AbstractA discussion is presented on the conditions required and limitations of the guaranteeing of quality in water analysis as the basis for the necessary standardization of analytical methods. The following concepts are of particular importance: principle of analysis, method of analysis, technique of analysis, specification for analysis, measured value, analytical value, result of measurement, result of analysis, precision, repeatability, reproducibility, detection limit, determination limit, sensitivity and rate of retrieval. Prequisite for the ensuring of quality proper are the standard addition method and the ring analysis. In the water analysis the guaranteeing of quality is of particular importance due to the multifarious matrix as well as for the interpretation of the analytical results as a basis for important decisions in the national economy.

ISSN:0323-4320    

DOI:10.1002/aheh.19850130302

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe phycoperiphyton on Perspex slides is investigated after an exposure for four weeks at six stations in the upper course of the River Wye System from June 1979 to June 1981. The pigment contents were between 0.1 and 48 mg/m2chlotophyll‐a as well as 0.01 and 18 mg/m2phaeophytin with a unimodal or bimodal annual variation (minima in winter, maxima in April and July). The biomass was between 55 and 11,000 cells/cm2and is closely correlated with chlorophyll in the annual variation. The algal community colonizing the artificial substrate shows only a very slight similarity to that on the natural stones of the water. The SØRENSENindex lies between 0.1 and 0.7, the biomass on the artificial substrate amounts to only 0.7… 0.01 ‰, the chlorophyll quantity only 0.5… 0.007‰, the phaeophytin quantity only 1… 0.003‰ of the values on the natural stones. Therefore, the periphyton on artificial substrates represents only a more or less restricted selection of the real natural phycoperiphyton. At four of the six stations, biomass and chlorophyll are positively correlated with each other and with temperature and phosphorus concentration and negatively correlated with flow, current velocity, oxygen concentration, hardness and nitrate

ISSN:0323-4320    

DOI:10.1002/aheh.19850130303

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA 294 cm long sediment core is divided into 1 cm disks at intervals of 7 cm. The disks are pollen‐stratigraphically dated. At the same time, the pigment content is determined by two‐dimensional thin‐layer chromatography. The pigments were determined spectrophotometrically between 200 and 800 nm, six pigments having been identified, whereas in the chromatograms 13… 36 spots are found. Chlorophyll conversion products as well as epiphasic and hypophasic carotenoids were determined by liquid adsorption. The greatest variety was found with the pigments in the Atlantic period, the minimum of diversity lies in the Subboreal period. The concentration of the chlorophyll derivatives decreases with the age of sediments, whereas the carotenoids have maxima in the Atlantic and Subatlantic periods. On the basis of the ratio of chlorophyll derivatives to carotenoids and of the ratio of epiphasic carotenoids to hypophasic ones, the trophic state of the lake between oligotrophic and eutrophic as well as the relative share of autochthonous and allochthonous feed of matter to the sediment can be represent

ISSN:0323-4320    

DOI:10.1002/aheh.19850130304

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0323-4320    

DOI:10.1002/aheh.19850130305

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe germs of macrophytes were exposed in a ring channel at 0.073 m/s, 0.085 m water level and natural daylight for 52 h in tap water whose phosphorus concentration had been increased with KH2PO4to 0.325 mg/1 P. After 4, 28 and 52 h the phosphorus concentrations in water and in dry matter were determined and the relative phosphorus elimination and incorporation, as referred to the concentrations in water and in dry matter prior to the test, were calculated in 0/0. Within 52 h the following increases of the internal phosphorus pool resulted (in %):Ranunculus aquatilisApril 141,Potamogeton crispusMay 178,P. natansJune 139,Callitriche polymorphaJune 128,Ranunculus aquatilisAugust 118,Elodea canadensisSeptember 124. The phosphorus uptake behaves thus parallel to the gas‐metabolism‐physiological activity and the subsequently made differentiation into species which are active in spring, summer and autumn. Therefore, weed removals from waters should be done at the date of the species‐specific activity maximum, since the then obtained biomass with 3… 9 kg/t P in the dry matter guarantees a maximum phosphorus elimination from th

ISSN:0323-4320    

DOI:10.1002/aheh.19850130306

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0323-4320    

DOI:10.1002/aheh.19850130307

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe statistical relations between the different parameters of water quality are represented from investigations of an oligotrophic to mesotrophic storage reservoir carried out for several years. The significant linear regressions between chlorophyll a and the phytoplankton volume show seasonal differences depending on the aspect change of phytoplankton. Equally, there may occur differences of this relation for the euphotic layer and the intermixed layer. Chlorophyll, phytoplankton volume and dry matter of seston as well as turbidity show also close correlations with the depth of visibility. The scattering occuring for the individual regressions, the distribution of measured values and the relations of chlorophyll a to the phytoplankton volume of dominant algal groups are discussed.

ISSN:0323-4320    

DOI:10.1002/aheh.19850130308

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0323-4320    

DOI:10.1002/aheh.19850130309

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe monomictic lake at a height of 1937 m, having an area of 48 ha, a mean depth of 16 m and a maximum depth of 27 m, is subjected to such an intensive use in its drainage area that the lake became eutrophicated. The spatial‐temporal distribution of important physico‐chemical criteria is represented for a period of two years. The depth of visibility varies between 0.4 m (March) and 2 m (June). The thermal stratification keeps up from March to November; therefore in the deep water zone a typical oxygen depletion and an enrichment of PO4P (26 μg/l) and of Ninerg(940 μg/l) occur. The pH‐value lies in the alkaline range and shows a significantly positive correlation with primary production and temperature and a negative correlation with the carbonate content. Also the oxygen concentration is positively correlated with the primary production and temperature. During stagnation, the sediment/water contact zone is free of oxygen for ca. 70 % of

ISSN:0323-4320    

DOI:10.1002/aheh.19850130310

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractMonocrotophos (0,0‐dimethyl‐0‐(1‐methyl‐2‐N‐methyl‐carbamoyl)‐cis‐vinylphosphate) as an active component of some insecticides is highly soluble in water at a low hydrolysis rate: half‐time at 2 mg/l, pH = 7.0 and 38 °C 23 d. Individuals of the following fish species (individual weight in g) were kept during the static bioassay for 6… 72 h at 40 mg/l monocrotophos in the medium:Cyprinus carpio(70),Carassius carassius(45) andLeucaspius delineatus(1.5), and then the concentration of monocrotophos was gas‐chromatographically determined in different tissues. Initially, till the 24th hour a high accumulation in the gills took place (in mg/kg fresh weight:Cyprinus0.49,Carassius3.88), then the concentration remained uniform or slightly falling here, whereas in the other organs (digestive organs, muscle, gonads) a further accumulation up to 1 mg/kg occurred.Leucaspiuswas investigated only as whole individuals, and after 72 h their fresh weight had increased to 6.96 mg/kg. The rates of accumulation decrease in the following order:Cyprinus: digestive organs, gills, muscle;Carassius: gills, digest

ISSN:0323-4320    

DOI:10.1002/aheh.19850130311

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY