摘要:

AbstractSelected journals are scrutinized for the period from 1980 to 1986 with respect to the application of HPLC to the detection of organic substances in water and the state of knowledge deducible from that is represented. Various chromatographic methods are compared with respect to their sensitivity and suitability for certain groups of substances. The structure of modern separation columns and of different detector systems as well as possible modes of operation are described. A large number of specific examples of application are given in tabular form.

ISSN:0323-4320    

DOI:10.1002/aheh.19880160402

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0323-4320    

DOI:10.1002/aheh.19880160403

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0323-4320    

DOI:10.1002/aheh.19880160404

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAltogether 10… 20 kg/ha·a N from precipitation are introduced into the soil. The fertilization of the agriculturally used area increased from 50 to 120 kg/ha·a N between 1950 and 1982. The nitrogen concentration is theoretically increased by 0.4 mg/l due to infiltration of surface water and wastewaters. The data prove agriculture to the main source of the nitrate load of groundwater, especially in regions with predominantly intensive agricultural use there is delivered drinking water with nitrate concentrations of more than 50 mg/l. The fixing of the limit value for drinking water at 50 mg/l nitrate (value recommended by the EC: 25 mg/l) is justified by new findings. Since the technology of nitrate elimination from water is very expensive, mainly the preventing of too high nitrate concentrations should be aimed at by agricultural measures of ground‐water prote

ISSN:0323-4320    

DOI:10.1002/aheh.19880160405

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAbout 53 million tons of liquid manure from the animal husbandry plants of the GDR are used for purposes of organic fertilization per year. Fertilization by liquid manure must be reasonably done, since there should be avoided fertilization and yield losses of agriculture and damages to the ground‐water as a drinking‐water resource. In dependence on the cultivation of crops, the kinds of graining of soils, the month of application and of the quantity used–referred to the application of nitrogen of liquid manure in kg/ha–the enrichment effect of nitrogen, potassium and phosphorus in infiltration water is determined with the aid of lysimeter investigations. Components of nitrogen which are not used by plants get into ground‐water as undesired nitrate, partly through nitrification processes. Unused potassium, too, migrates into ground‐water, whereas phosphorus is bound by soil. By proposals for new limit values of load with liquid manure, summarized in tabular form, the valid specifications of the GDR standards “TGL”

ISSN:0323-4320    

DOI:10.1002/aheh.19880160406

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0323-4320    

DOI:10.1002/aheh.19880160407

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractSome heavy metal concentrations were determined for the water and sediments within‐ the Altenwörth impoundment. The dissolved heavy metal concentrations were very low. The heavy metal contents in the sandy riverine sediments 10 or more kilometres distant from the dam wall were also at a low background level. Closer to the dam wall and especially within four kilometres, heavy metal concentrations were higher. Increased levels are caused by the deposition of fine silt particles with which heavy metals are associated near the dam wall. This sediment can be classified as moderately polluted according to the Geoaccumulation Index of MÜLLER. But the heavy metal contents are not high enough to have deleterious effects on the biota. Concentrations are comparable to those behind other dams on the Austrian Danube west and east of Alten w

ISSN:0323-4320    

DOI:10.1002/aheh.19880160408

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0323-4320    

DOI:10.1002/aheh.19880160409

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe structure of periphyton or “Aufwuchs” communities is sensitive to environmental conditions. It was proposed that periphyton biomass might similarly reflect differences in measured chemical variables between 5 sampling stations in the Saidenbach reservoir. Longitudinal gradients of periphyton biomass could be sh

ISSN:0323-4320    

DOI:10.1002/aheh.19880160410

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe oxidative conversion of strongly alkaline sulphide concentrations in wastewaters from the wet molybdenite enrichment is successfully performed within a relatively short time by the application of atmospheric oxygen, “Winkler adsorbent” (activated form of ash from Winkler generators) or “Winkler generator ash” and chlorinated lime at the same time. The reaction times were 60… 90 min at residual sulphide concentrations of 1… 10 mg/l. The initial concentrations of sulphide were between 400 and 1,200 mg/l. It was proved by comparative investigations that the “Winkler absorbent” or the “Winkler generator ash” have a catalytical effect during the oxidation by air. Therefore, also, e.g., at an initial concentration of sulphide of 600 mg/l only 4 g/l chlorinated lime were required, which corresponded to only about 0.13 times the stoichiometrically calculated quantity with the available chlorine content being taken into account. Flotation cells are s

ISSN:0323-4320    

DOI:10.1002/aheh.19880160411

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY