摘要:

Biostatistical measures of variability as the mean‐squared deviation are not only used for characterizing a measurement series, but they are an immediate expression of the biological variability. Physiological and ecological data are often variance‐inhomogeneous: the standard deviation is a (frequently linear) function of the mean value which is described as the sigma function. On this basis, the salt tolerance of fish fry and of marble carp hybrids (Aristichthys nobilis×Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) with or without a preceding adaptation is investigated in the range of 0 … 14% salinity. The change in mortality leads also to differences in weight due to both, reduced growth and higher mortality of the weaker, smaller individuals. The empirical sigma functions of these experiments prove a true adaptation of fish up to a salt concentration of 8% salinity at least for a retention of 1

ISSN:0323-4320    

DOI:10.1002/aheh.19830110202

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0323-4320    

DOI:10.1002/aheh.19830110203

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The toxic effects of alkali cyanide, complex cyanide‐containing heavy metal salts—as of iron, cadmium, copper, nickel and mercury—were investigated according to standard methods with the aid of the test organismsPoecilia reticulata(guppy) as well as the green algaAnkistrodesmus falcatus(β‐ bis α‐mesosaprobic). Since various complex compounds can be photolytically decomposed, also discontinuous light‐dark phases were used. As discussed equilibrium calculations have shown, inter alia also the pH‐value is important in the fish organisms used with different reactions to ions and molecularly dissolved compounds. The results are summarized in tables and graphic representations, the substances investigated being classified into groups with “strong” and

ISSN:0323-4320    

DOI:10.1002/aheh.19830110204

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0323-4320    

DOI:10.1002/aheh.19830110205

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe water solubility of benzopyrene in the presence of ionic detergents is investigated. The power of n‐alkyl benzene sulfonates to dissolve benzopyrene in increased quantities grows with the elongation of their m‐alkyl chain (from C8to C12) and decreases with temperature between 10 and 40°C. The properties of the detergents determine their solvent effect, the substance‐specific coefficient Kbindbeing decisive, as is demonstrated by the example of the cation‐active detergents cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, sodium n‐decyl benzene sulfonate and sodium lauryl

ISSN:0323-4320    

DOI:10.1002/aheh.19830110206

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThere is determined the LC50for 24 … 96 h of phenol, 2,4‐dinitrophenol and pentachlorophenol as sodium salt by static assay at water temperatures of 16, 23 and 36°C. In addition, the combinations of the three substances were tested in the same way. With decreasing temperature, the toxicity of the individual substances decreased by 6.5 … 22%, that of the mixtures by 10 … 87%; with rising temperature, the toxicity increased by 38 … 747% and 75 … 744%, respectively. The safety limits at 23°C lie between 0.3 μg/l for a synergistically acting mixture and 0.9 mg/l for an antagonistically acting one; for the individual substances this range is 3.5 μ

ISSN:0323-4320    

DOI:10.1002/aheh.19830110207

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The authors describe a possibility of a fast determination of the metabolic activity of various activated sludge samples. There is not used the sludge property of digestion, but the biosynthesis of aminopeptidases. Egg albumin has been found to be the optimum standard indicator. The activity of the investigated activated sludge is derived from the rate of the biosynthesis of aminopeptidases. The technique proposed can be used also for determining the toxic effects of different substances on activated sludge.

ISSN:0323-4320    

DOI:10.1002/aheh.19830110208

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

By means of the quality criteria COD‐Mn, NO3−, substances which can be filtered off and components of phosphate at two measuring stations at the river Elbe in the section of Dresden as well as an inflow gauge at a drinking water reservoir in the Eastern Ore Mountains there were investigated correlative connections with hydrological and meteorological quantities. Statistically secured connections between matter‐balance and water‐balance components were recorded on the basis of regression statements. The large number of the factors to be observed in the development of process‐describing matter discharge models is determined by the large number of “causing or influencing quantities”. With respect to continuing investigations, it is recommended to take into account the dynamic character of precipitation and the influence of vegetation more exactly, especially in the case of substance components carried away from areas, as substances which can be filtered off, nitrate

ISSN:0323-4320    

DOI:10.1002/aheh.19830110209

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0323-4320    

DOI:10.1002/aheh.19830110210

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Several laboratory‐scale‐tested variants of the treatment of organically loaded surface water samples with hydrated lime are described. Possibilities of the additional application of magnesium, aluminium and iron salts and of the anionic polymer “activated silicic acid” are discussed. The aim has been a considerably reduced application of metallic salts and precipitants at a maximum adsorption of organic pollutants. Another factor influencing crystallization and double hydroxide formation consists in low water temperatures,<8°C. With the aid of a magnetic treatment disturbing effects were avoided and even increases of the rates of growth and sedimentation were

ISSN:0323-4320    

DOI:10.1002/aheh.19830110211

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY