ISSN:0323-4320    

DOI:10.1002/aheh.19810090415

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractZur Beurteilung von Wässern werden gegenwärtig Summenparameter, Gruppenparameter und einzelsubstanzanalytische Daten herangezogen. Wegen der wachsenden Bedeutung spezifischer Substanzgruppen ist der Entwicklung von Gruppenparametern in den letzten Jahren besondere Aufmerksamkeit gewidmet worden. Einer der wohl interessantesten Gruppenparameter dürfte in diesem Zusammenhang der Wert für das“Gesamte organisch gebundene Chlor” sein. Auf der Grundlage einer Literaturauswertung wird dieser Gruppenparameter sowohl unter chemisch‐analytischen Gesichtspunkten als auch hinsichtlich seiner generellen Aussagefähigkeit einer Betrachtung

ISSN:0323-4320    

DOI:10.1002/aheh.19810090402

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractDer Nitratgehalt des Trinkwassers muß wegen seiner Indikatorfunktion und gesundheitlichen Bedeutung regelmäßig überwacht werden. Die analytische Bestimmung nach den herkömmlichen Methoden ist kosten‐und zeitaufwendig, der Einsatz einer zeitsparenden und kostengünstigen Untersuchungsmethode erscheint notwendig.Berichtet wird über Erfahrungen bei Erprobung und Anwendung von nitratsensitiven Elektroden in der routinemäßigen Laboratoriumsanalytik im Zeitraum von zwei Jahren.Der Einsatz der nitratsensitiven Elektrode in der Routineanalytik ist gerechtfertigt. Bei Berücksichtigung der möglichen Störfaktoren ist die Meßgenauigkeit derjenigen der Salicylatmethode überlegen. Die Untersuchungskosten sind wesentlich geringer, wobei die Einsparung von Energie besonders he

ISSN:0323-4320    

DOI:10.1002/aheh.19810090403

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe short‐term toxicity of mercury, copper and zinc was studied using a freshwater pulmonate snail,Lymnaea luteola(LAMARCK). The median period of survival increases with decreasing the toxicant concentration. The 96 h LC50values and their confidence limits were 0.135 (0.112 … 0.186) ppm of Hg2+; 0.172 (0.118 … 0.355) ppm of Cu2+; and 6.13 (5.73 to 7.19) ppm of Zn2+. The relative potency ratio indicates that the Hg2+ions were most toxic, followed by Cu2+and Zn2

ISSN:0323-4320    

DOI:10.1002/aheh.19810090404

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractPuntius sophore (HAMILTON) were exposed to several concentrations of mercury up to 10 d under static bioassay conditions. Abnormal behaviour in fish were increase in swimming activity, absence of shoaling behaviour, surfacing, loss of equilibrium and death. The body and gills of dead and living fish in the higher mercury concentrations are covered by coagulated mucus. The 96 h and 240 h LC50values and their 95% confidence limits were 0.145 (0.133 … 0.165); 0.065 (0.057 … 0.072) mg/l of Hg, respectively. The F‐ratios are significant at the 1% level of significance and thus indicate that the per cent mortality caused by mercury is distributed in a heterogeneous manner while there is no significant overall difference between the replications.The histopathological assessment of the gill was also carried out. In the control fish, gills are characterized by thin secondary gill lamellae and epithelial layer closely associated with the basement membrane. Several histopathological changes were observed in the gill, including the swelling in secondary gill lamellae, nuclei increases in size and number, and degeneration of epithelial

ISSN:0323-4320    

DOI:10.1002/aheh.19810090405

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe kinetics of oxidation of carcinogenic benzo(a)pyrene (0.1 nM solution in phosphate buffer) catalyzed by enzyme protein of soil and water plants (potato tubers and algaNitellasp.) has been studied. The benzo(a)pyrene oxidation rate is determined by the phenoloxidase activity of the enzyme protein from both sources to an equal degree and expressed by the Michaelis‐Menten equation. The values forkcatand apparentKmwere (0.97 ± 0.14) Ms−1and 33 ± 6 μM, respectively.The presence of other compounds (including protein substances) in acetone preparations of potato tubers considerably suppresses its catalytic activity in relation to benzo(a)pyrene.Consequently, in the polluted biosphere some water plants, such as algaNitellasp., and potato tuber can transform carcinogenic benzo(a)pyrene (BP).As oxidation products, all three BP‐quinones, i.e. 1,6‐, 3,6‐and 6,12‐diones, w

ISSN:0323-4320    

DOI:10.1002/aheh.19810090406

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA limnological study was carried out in the subtropical Lake Sattal (Kumaun Himalaya) during 1979. The lake was thermally stratified during warm months and a low percentage saturation of dissolved oxygen occurred in the bottom waters. Two maxima of phytoplankton occurred in the Eastern basin in contrast to only one in the Western basin. The peak in the latter developed more than a month (October) after the second peak in the former (August). Bacillariophyceae contributed highest in the Western basin (43.2%) whereas the Dinophyceae had the least share in the Eastern basin (8.0%). Most of the dominant phytoplankters were:Synedra ulna, Fragilaria, Gymnodinium, CrucigeniaandClosteridium siamensis. Interestingly, blue‐green algaNostoc, dominated for some time in autumn.A total of 12 genera of rotifers, 6 genera of cladocerans and 1 genus of copepods were found in Lake Sattal basins. Dominant zooplankters includedKeratella, Cyclops, Anuraeopsis, PolyarthraandTrichocerca, and there is a high ratio of rotifers to copepods and cladocerans. On comparing the averaged values of both the basins, the Eastern basin showed a 64% larger population of zooplankton than the Western basin. A comparison is made with the plankton of the other subtropical lake‐systems of this reg

ISSN:0323-4320    

DOI:10.1002/aheh.19810090407

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe catalytic activity of horseradish (Armoracia lapathifolia) peroxidase in the oxidation reactions of benzo(a)pyrene (BP) and phenols, separately and in admixture, has been studied. Experiments were carried out with model phenols from industrial sewage (phenol, m‐, p‐cresols, catechol, hydroquinone, resorcinol, orcinol), keeping to the real concentration ratio of reagents, 0.5 mM for phenols, 0.1 nM for benzo(a)pyrene.The total oxidation process for all reagents tested is described by the second‐order formal kinetic equation up to 60 … 90% of their conversion. Addition of peroxidase increases the rate of oxidation of benzo(a)pyrene and phenols 2 … 6 times as compared with the control test (with hydrogen peroxide), whereas a linear dependence of the rate of benzo(a)pyrene oxidation on the enzyme concentration is observed.By cooxidation a mutual inhibition of benzo(a)pyrene and phenols is established whose degree depends on the phenol‐chemical structure and varies in the range of 23 … 58% for BP under the influence of phenols and 35 … 80% for phenols under the influence of benzo(a)pyrene.The results obtained permit a supposition that peroxidase containing plants are capable of simultaneously transforming carcinogenic benzo(a)pyrene and toxic phenols in water reservoirs and in the soil, thus promoting the detoxication

ISSN:0323-4320    

DOI:10.1002/aheh.19810090408

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe different phenoloxidase contents of shoots of various land plants (sunflower, corn, wheat, potato) as well as of various algal species were used for investigating the biochemical conversion and accumulation of phenol, p‐and o‐cresol, guaiacol, pyrocatechol and hydroquinone. The methods applied for processes and analyses are described. The results of the investigations are summarized in several tables and graphical representati

ISSN:0323-4320    

DOI:10.1002/aheh.19810090409

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAccording to the results from investigations with different anion exchangers and synthetically obtained thiopolymers as thiopolystyrene and thiopolyvinylether, phenols and their oxidation products can be removed with different efficiencies. The individual methods of treatment and analysis are described. The results of the purification efficiency as well as the profile of the adsorption isotherms are presented in a large number of tables and figures.

ISSN:0323-4320    

DOI:10.1002/aheh.19810090410

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY