摘要:

The response to atropine, hexamethonium, nicotine, emepronium bromide and some adrenergic compounds has been studied on the urinary bladder of the rabbit and the cat. It was shown that atropine caused a very small or no reduction in the response to electrically stimulated parasympathetic nerves in the urinary bladder of the rabbit. In the cat a dose dependent blockade was obtained after atropine administration. The stimulating response was abolished by hexamethonium or nicotine, suggesting that there are nicotinic receptors in the parasympathetic pathway. It is possible that the parasympathetic nerves running to the rabbit urinary bladder end in such nicotinic receptors on the effector cells in the detrusor muscle. Emepronium bromide, a potent anticholinergic compound, used clinically as a urological drug, was found to block the stimulatory response, which was interpreted as an effect on parasympathetic nicotinic receptors. Experiments with isoprenaline, adrenaline and noradrenaline showed that there are adrenergic α‐ and β‐receptors in the urinary bladder of the r

ISSN:0001-6683    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0773.1972.tb00680.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Mechanical and electrophysiological effects of the DL, L and D‐forms of mepivacaine and bupivacaine and of the optically inactive compound tetracaine have been studied on the isolated rat portal vein. After the addition of the local anaesthetics to vessels in normal Krebs solution there was an initially increased spike activity accompanied by increased mechanical activity. L(+)‐mepivacaine was more potent than D(‐)‐mepivacaine in increasing the tension, but there was no significant difference between L(‐)‐and D(+)‐bupivacaine. After the initial contractile phase the tension decreased and disappeared despite continous spike activity. The relaxation appeared and proceeded faster with high than with low concentrations of local anaesthetics; the relaxations also proceeded faster in experiments with D(‐)‐mepivacaine than with L(+)‐mepivacaine. At a later stage the spike discharge was also blocked. In muscles that were contracted with K+or noradrenaline the local anaesthetics caused a relaxation. D(‐)‐mepivacaine was more potent than L(+)‐mepivacaine, but there was still no difference between L

ISSN:0001-6683    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0773.1972.tb00681.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The vascular effects of the local anaesthetic compound mepivacaine were investigated on the femoral blood flow in anaesthetized dogs. The vascular resistance was increased by intraarterial infusions of mepivacaine when the initial vascular tone was low. When the initial vascular resistance was high, mepivacaine had a vasodilating effect. This was not caused by a blockade of the sympathetic nerves, but was attributed to a direct action on the vascular smooth muscle. The vasoconstricting and vasodilating actions of mepivacaine were in accordance with results from tests on isolated vascular smooth muscle.

ISSN:0001-6683    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0773.1972.tb00682.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Mepivacaine:There was no difference in toxicity between the two optical isomers of mepivacaine after rapid intravenous injections into mice or rats. After slow intravenous injections or after subcutaneous injections the L(+)– isomer however was less toxic than the D(‐) – isomer. This might at least partly be explained by the results obtained from other experiments, which demonstrated that after slow infusions of the drugs into rabbits more L(+)–mepivacaine than D(‐)–mepivacaine was taken up by the lungs, thus reducing the concentration of the drug reaching the brain, where significantly more D(‐)– mepivacaine than L(+)–mepivacaine was found. A slow absorption of L(+)–mepivacaine in comparison with D(‐)–mepivacaine from the site of injection is demonstrated and might contribute to the differences in subcutaneous toxicity and might also be the cause of the significantly longer duration of infiltration anaesthesia by the L(+)–isomer than by the D(‐)–isomer, since the same nerve‐blocking effect of the isomers was foundin vitro. Bupivacaine:There were significant differences between the toxicity of the bupivacaine isomers when given intravenously and subcutaneously; the D(+)–isomer was more toxic. This as well as the very long duration of infiltration anaesthesia by L(‐)–bupivacaine indicate differences in absorption rates between the bupivacaine isomers similar to those dem

ISSN:0001-6683    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0773.1972.tb00683.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Chlorpromazine (0.01 mM to 0.15 mM) inhibits the glucuronidation ofp‐aminophenol andp‐nitrophenol in a clonal strain of rat hepatoma cells, MH1C1, grown in culture, producing 50% inhibition ofp‐aminophenol glucuronidation in a serumfree incubation medium at 0.07 mM. Chlorpromazine, at concentrations of 0.05 mM to 1.0 mM, also inhibits the glucuronidation ofp‐aminophenol in a homogenate prepared from the rat hepatoma cells (50% inhibition at 0.25 mM); this inhibition was found to be non‐competitive. The effect of chlorpromazine is enhanced when serum is excluded from the in

ISSN:0001-6683    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0773.1972.tb00684.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Longitudinal and circular muscle strips from the oestrogen dominated rabbit uterus were stimulatedin vitrowith the α‐ and β‐adrenergic stimulating drugs, noradrenaline and isoprenaline. The isometric contractions were recorded. Noradrenaline produced an increase in force and frequency of the contractions. No differences were found between the circular and the longitudinal muscle strips, or between the different parts of the uterus. Isoprenaline produced an inhibition of the spontaneous activity of the muscle strips. There was a difference between the response of the circular and the longitudinal muscle strips. The spontaneous activity of the longitudinal strips could be totally inhibited when isoprenaline was present in the organ bath in the concentration 2 × 10‐7M. The spontaneous activity of the circular strips could only be inhibited by approximately 50%, even with isoprenaline in a concentration of 2 × 10‐6M. Higher concentrations of isoprenaline had a stimulating effect. The ED50 of the circular strips was 60 times the ED50 of the longitudinal strips. No difference was found between the different parts of the uterus. No obvious alteration with regard to the sensitivity to the drugs was observed after cold storage f

ISSN:0001-6683    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0773.1972.tb00685.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Groups of 6–9 pregnant (sperm = Day 1) Sprague‐Dawley (Simonsen) rats were injected with morphine sulphate, 20 mg/kg subcutaneously, on gestational days 2–5, 7–9 or 11–13. Pups delivered by Caesarian section on gestational day 22 were essentially free of any observable teratogenic changes including bone defects. However, offspring of morphine‐treated rats (20 mg/kg/day subcutaneously on gestational days 17, 18, 19 and 20) which were allowed to litter normally exhibited on day 12–13 a significantly (P<0.05) decreased response to a nocioceptive (55° surface) stimulus 30 min. following an injection of morphine sulphate 0.45 mg/kg subcutaneously (offspring of morphine‐treated mothers, 16.8 sec. ± 2.3 S.E.M. versus control offspring, 25.2 sec. ± 1.7 S.E.M.). On days 21–22 of age larger doses of morphine were required to elicit an analgesic response in the young. Following an injection of morphine sulphate, 10 mg/kg subcutaneously, the maternal animals also showed significant reduction in reaction time 30 minutes later (treated, 7.6 sec. ± 0.6 S.E.M. versus control, 16.1 sec. ± 0.6 S.E.M.) and 60 minutes later (treated, 7.5 sec. ± 0.9 S.E.M. versus control, 20.8 sec. ± 2.9 S.E.M.) as compared to paired waterinjected

ISSN:0001-6683    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0773.1972.tb00686.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Renal adenyl cyclase activity was estimated in 3 groups of 14 rats. In each group 7 rats were given lithium‐containing food and 7 served as controls. The first group was treated up to one week before the adenyl cyclase was measured. Group 2 was analyzed after 3 weeks of lithium‐treatment when a polyuria had developed. In group 3 lithium‐treatment was stopped after 5 weeks and adenyl cyclase measured one week later when the polyuria had disappeared. The serum and kidney lithium levels were the same in groups 1 and 2, but in the polyuric rats vasopressin stimulation was lower. After an ATP regeneration system had been added to the incubate, the same phenomenon was seen. In group 3 the effect of vasopressin stimulation on adenyl cyclase was the same as in controls. Our results show that the lithium‐induced inhibition of vasopressin‐stimulated adenyl cyclase activity develops gradually, is reversible and is independent of the lithium i

ISSN:0001-6683    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0773.1972.tb00687.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0001-6683    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0773.1972.tb00688.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY