摘要:

Little is known about the action of different insecticides on the testicular tissue of animals. The administration of lindane and endrin into the rat testis produced hypertrophic and atrophic changes in the testis and induced total arrest of spermatogenesis. Unlike cytotoxic or alkylating agents, the action of these two insecticidal compounds was non‐specific to any group of spermatogenic cells. Intertubular and intratubular regions of the testis showed degenerative changes, necrosis and cellular proliferation. The seminiferous epithelium of the tubules was completely damaged. Formation of multinucleate giant cells of the foreign body type reaction was very common following lindane treatment. The number of spermatozoa and the percentage of deformed (abnormal) spermatozoa was very low after lindane administration as compared to that of endri

ISSN:0001-6683    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0773.1972.tb00689.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Pregnant rats were given 100 mg thalidomide per kg orally during days 7–11 or 10–14 of gestation. The substance was prepared as a 1% suspension by homogenizing in a 0.5% methylcellulose. The foetuses were delivered by Caesarean section and were examined for soft tissue and skeletal malformations. The results indicated a retardation of the development in the group treated during days 7–11. This was based on a lower mean weight per foetus and on a lower degree of ossification in the tail, vertebral column and st

ISSN:0001-6683    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0773.1972.tb00690.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Pregnant rabbit females, divided into five groups (10‐12 in each) were treated as shown below:The substance was homogenised in a 0.5% solution of methylcellulose and was given orally. The foetuses were delivered by Caesarean section and were examined for soft tissue and skeletal malformation. The administration of 150 mg thalidomide per kg during days 0–6 or 7–9 of the gestation resulted in a high frequency of resorptions and of congenital malformations. 5 mg/kg given during days 7–9 had no effect either on the frequency of resorption or on malformations. When 150 mg/kg was given from day 10 through day 15 there was no increased frequency of either the number of resorptions or of soft tissue malformations. However, the number of skeletal malformations was in

ISSN:0001-6683    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0773.1972.tb00691.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Pregnant sows were given thalidomide, 1 or 100 mg/kg, from day 17 to day 57 of gestation. The substance was given orally (mixed in the food). During the test various haematological, enzymatic and clinical‐chemistry studies were made on the sows. The sows were left for normal farrow after which the piglets were autopsied and a skeletal examination was performed. Neither the clinical studies of the sows nor the subsequent examination of the piglets revealed any effects which could be attributed to the medicatio

ISSN:0001-6683    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0773.1972.tb00692.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Axolotl larvae were exposed to thalidomide in concentrations of 0.004, 0.04 or 0.2 mg/ml nutrient solution during the following stages (Harrison's stage series) of embryonic development: Series 1: Stage 0–38 or 0–45, Test of activity. Series 2: Stage 2–11, Study of the first cell cleavages. Series 3: Stage 3–37, Study of the growth rate. Series 4: Stage 12–46 and Series 5: Stage 25–46, General teratology study. Series 6: Stage 37–46, Study of limb differentiation. The results revealed a reduction of activity. There was no visible effect of the drug on the first cell cleavages, up to gastrulation, nor on the growth rate. A high frequency of larvae in the thalidomide treated groups showed generalised oedema during different stages of development. The skin in the region of the gills, kidneys and fore limbs was sometimes rough and showed characte

ISSN:0001-6683    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0773.1972.tb00693.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The four β‐adrenergic stimulant agents terbutaline (TRB), orciprenaline (OPR), KWD 2026, and isoprenaline (IPR) were compared for their inhibiting effect on mice ileumin vitroas well as for their inhibiting effect on intestinal propulsion in intact animals. The activity was related to the chemical structure of the compounds. The slightest inhibition was produced by TRB, which has the hydroxy groups in the 3–5 position in the benzene ring and t‐butyl substituted at the nitrogen. The relaxing effect was blocked by alprenolol, indicating involvement of β‐adrenergic

ISSN:0001-6683    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0773.1972.tb00694.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The toxic effects of adrenaline, isoprenaline, and terbutaline have been determined in mice after pretreatment of the animals with isoprenaline, terbutaline, and saline solution (control). Pretreatment with isoprenaline and terbutaline was without any significant effect on the mortality (LD 50) due to isoprenaline and terbutaline. The sensitivity to adrenaline, however, was considerably increased after pretreatment with isoprenaline but only slightly after terbutaline.

ISSN:0001-6683    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0773.1972.tb00695.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The toxic effects (LD50) of noradrenaline, adrenaline, isoprenaline and terbutaline have been evaluated in mice pretreated with theophylline (theophyllamine). Compared with saline pretreated animals, the sensitivity to noradrenaline and adrenaline is significantly lowered, but that to isoprenaline and terbutaline remains unchanged.

ISSN:0001-6683    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0773.1972.tb00696.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Rat left atria were suspended for one hour in Ringer solution containing approximately 6 μci/ml42K. They were then transferred to a constant flow apparatus and the42K‐efflux was determined by measuring the radioactivity in the effluent. The mechanical activity was recorded simultaneously. The atria were driven by electrical stimulation at 180 beats per min. In normal Ringer solution a constant decrease in potassium efflux, assumed to reflect the transfer of42K through the cell membranes, was obtained after about 15 min. The addition of promazine 5 × 10‐6M to 5 × 10‐5M and thioridazine 10‐5M to 5 × 10‐5M to the Ringer solution caused a dose dependent reduction in42K‐efflux and in the amplitude of the atrial contractions. A reduction in the extracellular potassium concentration decreased, while an increase of the extracellular potassium concentration increased the42K‐efflux. The per cent reduction in42K‐efflux caused by promazine 5 × 10‐5M was almost the same under these experimental conditions, whereas the depressant action of the drug on the atrial contractile force increased with increasing concentrations of potassium. No direct proportionality between the reduction in42K‐efflux and the reduction in contractile force caused by promazine was found. It is concluded that the decrease in42K‐efflux caused by the drug is due to a reduced membrane permeability for this ion, and that the decrease in contractile force can be di

ISSN:0001-6683    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0773.1972.tb00697.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The protein fractions of two wasp species ‐Vespa orientalisandParavespula germanica‐ were separated by membrane electrophoresis and the relative concentrations estimated by microdensitometry. Most protein fractions found in the first specimen were basic proteins while in the second, considerable amounts of protein fractions migrated towards the anode. However, the main fraction in the second was also electro‐positive. It was similar to the main component found inVespa orientalisvenom with regard to electrophoretic migration coefficient. The total protein concentration in both kinds of samples were so arranged as to be 500 mg %. The number of fractions detectable was six to seven respectively and differed both quantitatively and qualitatively. Venom obtained by homogenizing the whole venom sac of the insect was also found to be different from the pure venom obtained by the “milking” method and in the following an attempt has been made to explain this difference. The venom possesses a marked haemolytic activity and the haemolytic fractions have also been separated electrophoretically. They are not removed from the venom by dialysis and therefore are either considered to be proteins or to be attached to the proteins. In any case they are high molecular weight substances and thus different from bee venom, which is dialysable. Four haemolytic fractions were found inVespa orientalisvenom and their electrophoretic migration is different when the test material is obtained by the “milking” method or by homogenisates of the sac. The haemolytic activity of the pure venom and of the venom extracts were assayed by a method developed by the present authors and are given in detai

ISSN:0001-6683    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0773.1972.tb00698.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY