摘要:

AbstractA low level of selenium (Se) in the blood and serum of Finns was demonstrated. Inhabitants in the central, eastern and southeastern districts of the country had particularly low levels selenium. However, the Se level of Lapps and the people of the Åland archipelago seemed to be significantly higher than the level of other Finns. In general, the Se levels in the serum were lower than the values for whole blood. Furthermore, the levels were lower in children than in adults. The significance of these findings in the pathogenesis of some human diseases is discussed

ISSN:0001-6683    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0773.1977.tb02099.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractCoprine, the disulfiram‐like constituent of the mushroom Coprinus atramentarius was found to inhibit the low‐Kmacetaldehyde dehydrogenase in rat liver and to increase the acetaldehyde level in blood during ethanol metabolismin vivo.Coprine did not inhibit the low‐Kmenzymein vitro, but the hydrolytic product of coprine, 1 ‐aminocyclo‐propanol, was a potent inhibitor bothin vitroandin vivo.A rapid onset of inhibition was observed after administration of coprine and the inhibition was long‐lasting. It is suggested that 1‐aminocyclo‐propanol is responsible for the inhibition caused by

ISSN:0001-6683    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0773.1977.tb02100.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe duration and intensity of the neuroleptic effect of cis(Z)‐clopen‐thixol decanoate in Viscoleo® have been compared with those of cis(Z)‐clopen‐thixol, 2 HCl in aqueous solution in a number of animal experimental models. Cis(Z)‐clopenthixol, 2 HCl had a strong, but short‐lasting neuroleptic effect (apomorphine antagonistic effect in dogs, inhibition of conditioned avoidance response in rats) which was accompanied by marked sedation. In contrast, cis(Z)‐clopenthixol decanoate in oil had an effect which was slower in onset, but of much longer duration and only the highest doses caused a slight sedation. In rats catalepsy could be induced in some animals by high doses of cis(Z)‐clopen‐thixol decanoate whereas cis(Z)‐clopenthixol, 2 HCl at all the doses tested caused catalepsy in all animals. In mice only high doses of cis(Z)‐clopenthixol decanoate in oil caused reduction of spontaneous motor activity and potentiation of barbiturate anaesthesia. The results are discussed with special reference to the clinical use of

ISSN:0001-6683    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0773.1977.tb02101.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIn order to study the renal handling of lithium, I examined the relation between the lithium clearance and the urine flow in rats which had hereditary lack of vasopressin production and which had been given a test dose of lithium. The two variables were altered by varying the sodium intake. Rats with a low, medium and high sodium intake had a mean lithium clearance of 0.04, 0.22, and 0.40 ml/min./100 g body weight, respectively. When the sodium intake was increased from a medium to a high level, the lithium clearance and the urine flow rose in proportion to each other (r = 0.90). When the sodium intake was decreased from a medium to a low level, the lithium clearance fell relatively more than the urine flow so that the proportion between the two was changed. The experiments show that when vasopressin‐induced alterations of the urine flow are excluded and when the sodium intake is not extremely low, proportionality may occur between the lithium clearance and the urine flow. This suggests that the lithium clearance varies in proportion to and is determined by the delivery of sodium from the proximal tubule

ISSN:0001-6683    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0773.1977.tb02102.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractPropranolol (1‐isopropylamino‐3‐(1‐naphtoloxy)‐propan‐2‐ol) a β‐adren‐ergic receptor blocking agent was found to cause changes of transmembraneous pH in liposomes prepared from Soy‐lecithin and cardiolipin. When the external pH was neutral and the internum of the liposomes acidic, the drug decreased the pH gradient. When the externum was acidic and the internum neutral, the gradient was increased by the drug. The effect of butacaine was similar to that of propranolol, while procaine, timolol and practolol were ineffective. It is suggested that the charged form of propranolol is bound to the membrane and dislocates protons from binding sites in the membrane and that the uncharged form of propranolol penetrates the membrane. After penetration it could associate with protons in the intraliposomal compartment and hence increase the pH of the interior. Depending on the direction of the pre‐existing proton gradient propranolol would thus be able to increase or decrease the pH difference across

ISSN:0001-6683    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0773.1977.tb02103.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAn increase in the calcium concentration of the Ringer solution increased the contractile force and reduced the effective refractory period of the isolated rat left atrium paced at a frequency of 60 per min. An increase in the frequency of stimulation decreased the contractile force (negative staircase) and reduced the effective refractory period; these effects being most pronounced at the highest calcium levels. A calcium‐antagonistic drug, nifedipine, decreased the contractile force and the effective refractory period. The effect of an increased frequency of stimulation on the contractile force at different calcium levels in the absence and presence of nifedipine paralleled its effect on the effective refractory period. This observation suggests that both these phenomena are caused by a decreased quantity of inflowing calcium ions during the period of excitation, and thus might explain the absence of positive staircase in the rat myocardiu

ISSN:0001-6683    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0773.1977.tb02104.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe liver microsomal p‐hydroxylation of amphetamine to parahydr‐oxyamphetamine (pOHA) was dependent on NADP and inhibited by carbon monoxide indicating the involvement of cytochrome P‐450. SKF 525‐A, fenfluramine and desmethylimipramine were the most effective inhibitors of this pathway of amphetamine metabolism. Repeated administration of phenobarbital resulted in reduced p‐hydroxylation of amphetaminein vitro.Chronic administration of amphetamine reduced the microsomal p‐hydroxylation of amphetamine without apparent changes in the cytochrome P‐450 levels or in the activity of NADPH‐cytochrome c reductase. The aromatic hydroxylation of aniline and the demethylation of ethylmorphine was not affected by this treatment. However, the 455 nm complex formed during the microsomal metabolism of N‐hydroxy‐amphetamine was increased by the long‐term administration of amphetamine. These results indicate some pecularities of thein vitrohydroxylation of amphetamine by rat liver microsomes. Amphetamine disappeared from the perfusate of the perfused liver at the same rate in rats given a single dose of amphetamine and in rats given amphetamine orally for four weeks. The excretion of pOHA and its conjugate increased at 60 and 90 min. and 30, 60 and 90 min. respectively in the perfusate of the same experiment as compared to the controls. The total excretion of radioactive amphetamine metabolites at the end of the perfusion was increased in the perfusate and reduced in the bile compared to t

ISSN:0001-6683    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0773.1977.tb02105.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe effects of 3‐methylxanthine (3‐MX), a major metabolite of theophylline in man, were studied and compared with those of theophylline in isolated preparations of human and guinea‐pig airways, isolated guinea‐pig hearts, and in anaesthetized cats. 3‐MX was pharmacologically active, producing effects similar to those of theophylline. The guinea‐pig and human airways preparations were relaxed; the rate and force of contraction of guinea‐pig hearts were increased. In anaesthetized cats, 3‐MX decreased the respiratory overflow and arterial blood pressure, and increased the heart rate. Theophylline was always more potent (between 1 and 5 times) than 3‐MX. It is suggested that 3‐MX may contribute to the effects of theophylline during

ISSN:0001-6683    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0773.1977.tb02106.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0001-6683    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0773.1977.tb02107.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0001-6683    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0773.1977.tb02108.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY