摘要:

AbstractThe increase of lymphocyte total lipids and phospholipids after smoking hashish, indicates either a lipid transfer from their site of production after smoking the drug or a mobilization of their biosynthetic mechanism in the lymphocyte. A fluctuation of individual phospholipid concentrations after “smoking” is related to the influence of certain hashish compounds on the various biosynthetic pathways of phospholipids in lymphocytes. Changes in phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylserine are related to a possible fluctuation of the overall immune ability of the lymphocyte, by affecting the lymphocyte membrane enzyme mechani

ISSN:0001-6683    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0773.1978.tb02239.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe uptake, distribution and excretion of curcumin in Sprague‐Dawley rats has been studied. When administered orally in a dose of 1 g/kg, curcumin was excreted in the faeces to about 75%, while negligible amounts of curcumin appeared in the urine. Measurements of blood plasma levels and biliary excretion showed that curcumin was poorly absorbed from the gut. No apparent toxic effects were seen after doses of up to 5 g/kg. When intravenously injected or when added to the perfusate of the isolated liver, curcumin was actively transported into bile, against concentration gradients of several hundred times. The major part of the drug was however metabolized. In suspensions of isolated hepatocytes or liver microsomes 90% of the added curcumin was metabolized within 30 min. In view of the poor absorption, rapid metabolism and excretion of curcumin, it is unlikely that substantial concentrations of curcumin occur in the body after ingestio

ISSN:0001-6683    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0773.1978.tb02240.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractTissues of Japanese quails were subjected to electron microscopical study. The birds had received 0–8 ppm methylmercury added to their diets for 6 weeks. The ultrastructural changes in the littoral cells of the liver were swollen mitochondria, with dilatation of the endoplasmic reticulum, loss of ribosomes from the rough endoplasmic reticulum and an increase in the number of vesicles in the cytoplasm. The nuclear membrane in some littoral cells became dilated, and the nuclear chromatin was condensed. The physiological effect of the destruction of the littoral cells is discusse

ISSN:0001-6683    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0773.1978.tb02241.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA considerable increase occurs in D‐glucose uptake and brush border sucrase and lactase activities in the intestine of monkeys treated with a single oral dose of DDT. Brush border alkaline phosphatase activity remains unaffected in the pesticide treated animals.In vitroaddition of DDT has no effect on the sugar absorption and disaccharidase activitie

ISSN:0001-6683    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0773.1978.tb02242.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe ganglion blocking drug chlorisondamine given frequently and in gradually increasing doses over a period of time to adult rats causes the activity of choline acetyltransferase to fall in the postganglionic parasympathetic nerves of parotid glands. Such a “pharmacologically” decentralized gland was also found to have lost weight and to have developed a supersensitivity to chemical stimuli. All these phenomena are thought to be consequences of loss or reduction of secretory impulses from the central nervous system due to impaired ganglionic transmiss

ISSN:0001-6683    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0773.1978.tb02243.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractSmooth muscle preparations of the urethra, bladder, and ureter were obtained from patients undergoing operations for various urological disorders. The urethral preparations were contracted by noradrenaline (0.1–3 μg · ml‐1), prostaglandin F2α(1–10 μg · ml‐1), and potassium (127 mM), the bladder preparations by carbacholine (0.004–1 μg · ml‐1), prostaglandin F2α(1–10 μg · ml‐1), potassium (127 mM), and barium chloride (3 mM), and the ureter preparations by potassium (127 mM), and barium chloride (3 mM). Irrespective of the mode of activation, pretreatment with nifedipine (0.1 μg · ml‐1) for 10 min. reduced the responses. Nifedipine also relaxed preparations contracted by the contractile agents used.In 19 female patients, aged 20 to 73 years, undergoing investigation because of urgency and/or urge incontinence, simultaneous urethrocystometry at rest was performed before and after oral administration of 20 to 40 mg nifedipine. Bladder capacity and residual urine were also determined. Nifedipine did not affect the pressures within the bladder and urethra, nor did it increase the bladder capacity. However, after nifedipine intake there was a statistically significant increase in residual urine. The results suggest that nifedipine can inhibit contractile activity induced by drugs with different modes of action; the drug does not affect th

ISSN:0001-6683    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0773.1978.tb02244.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractPretreatment of rats with vitamin E, 0.02% w/w of the diet and a sc dose, 200 mg/kg, given 48 hrs. before dimethylnitrosamine, DMNA, was found to ameliorate the acute hepatotoxicity of DMNA (30 mg/kg) as reflected in reduced plasma asparagine‐amino‐transferase (AspAT) activity. This effect was confirmed by histological evaluation. No significant effect of DMNA on plasma levels of vitamin E was observed, however, DMNA significantly increased the hepatic level of vitamin E supplemented rats. Pretreatment with selenium, 0.5 mg/kg given intraperitoneally 48 hrs. before DMNA, was found to enhance the acute hepatotoxicity of DMNA as reflected in increased elevation of plasma AspAT activity. This effect was not confirmed morphologically. DMNA did not have any effect on the hepatic selenium state in selenium pretreated rats; however, selenium pretreatment tended to decrease hepatic and plasma tocopherol levels. To explain the effects observed in the present investigation, various mechanisms were discussed.If the compounds were acting as antioxidants, then the difference in intracellular localization had to be important. More likely a specific biochemical function involving drug metabolizing enzymes could be involved. Finally vitamin E could protect membranes from damage during the necrotizing action of D

ISSN:0001-6683    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0773.1978.tb02245.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe effects of melperone and thiothixene on the concentrations of monoamine metabolites in brain and prolactin in the serum of rats and mice were determined. Both drugs increased brain concentrations of dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) and homovanillic acid (HVA) in a dosedependent manner. 5‐Hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5‐HIAA) was unaffected. The effect of thiothixene was longer lasting and about 5 times greater than that of melperone. Melperone, but not thiothixene, increased levels of 3‐methoxy‐4‐hydroxyphenylethylene glycol (MOPEG). Several hours after administration of melperone, levels of HVA and MOPEG were diminished.Both drugs increased prolactin concentrations in rat serum. Thiothixene was about 10 times more potent than melperone.Of two urinary metabolites of melperone investigated, one caused the same qualitative effects on monoamine metabolism as melperone itself but with reduced potency. The other metabolite was in

ISSN:0001-6683    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0773.1978.tb02246.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIsolated preparations of the thoracic aorta from spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and normotensive Wistar rats (NWR) were contracted by noradrenaline (NA) 1.8 × 10‐5M, and potassium (K+) 127 mM, after 30 min. pretreatment in a Ca++‐free medium. In both SHR and NWR aortae, the contractions were markedly reduced; no significant differences were found between the two types of vessels in Ca++‐free medium. On addition of Ca++, the contractions were restored to a significantly greater extent in the NWR than in the SHR aortae. In the presence of nifedipine 7.2 × 10‐9M, the response to Ca++was significantly more reduced in the SHR than in the NWR preparations. Relaxation of NA and K+contracted preparations was induced by wash‐out of the contractile agents, by addition of nifedipine 2.9 × 10‐8M, and by introduction of a Ca++‐free medium. After wash‐out of NA, relaxation was slower in SHR than in NWR vessels. Relaxation induced by nifedipine and Ca++‐free medium was more complete in SHR than in NWR preparations. After wash‐out of K+, relaxation was more rapid in NWR than in SHR aortae. Nifedipine and Ca++‐free medium induced relaxation was more complete in SHR than in NWR preparations. The results suggest that in the SHR aortae contraction induced by NA and K+is more dependent on extracellular Ca++than is the response in the NWR preparations; the SHR vessels are also more sensitive to the relaxi

ISSN:0001-6683    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0773.1978.tb02247.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractFemale Wistar rats were given ethanol in their drinking fluid to cover 20–25% of the total calories consumed for 3–4 weeks prior to, during and also after pregnancy in some experiments. Soya oil was substituted for ethanol isocalorically in the control groups.Apart from a statistically significant reduction in litter size based on the number of apparent normal foetuses at intrauterine examination, no significant changes in reproductive performance could be recorded after ethanol treatment. In the offspring, examined up to 24 days of age, the body and some viscera weights were statistically significantly higher at some stages from 2 to 14 days. The general trend, however, showed that there were no significant differences in body, brain, liver, kidney, and heart muscle weights between control and ethanol offspring measured in rats between 0 and 24 days of age. Two gross malformations were recorded among 321 pups of ethanol treated mothers, whereas no malformations were found in 444 control pups. It was concluded that moderate ethanol consumption by rat mothers for 3–4 weeks before and during pregnancy as well as during the suckling period, had no serious effects on their reproductive performance and the development of their offspring measured by the parameters used in the present investig

ISSN:0001-6683    

DOI:10.1111/j.1600-0773.1978.tb02248.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY