摘要:

AbstractTraditional OLS and recently developed multilevel IGLS statistical techniques for analyzing repeated measures are compared and contrasted. Comparisons are based on arch width measurements for a mixed‐longitudinal sample of 166 boys and girls. The multilevel IGLS procedures produce estimates that are more stable and meaningful than OLS estimates; sex differences are consistent for both the deciduous and permanent dentitions, maxillary widths are related to chronological age, and standard errors are consistently smaller based on the IGLS procedures. The multilevel procedures are also able to estimate variances and covariances—even when all measurements are not available for each subject—which can be used for predicting arch length. © 1993 Wiley‐L

ISSN:1042-0533    

DOI:10.1002/ajhb.1310050112

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA recently proposed four‐parameter generalization of the Gompertz curve (Jolicoeur et al., 1992a) is used to analyze chronological growth and allometry in the stature, head circumference, and brain weight of 101 male and 95 female fetuses and children autopsied at the Sainte‐Justine Hospital for children in Montréal. Although asymptotic stature cannot be determined accurately because the sample does not include adults, the data nevertheless suggest that head circumference and brain weight terminate most of their growth much earlier than stature. This conclusion is also supported by the fact that, whereas the log‐log relationship between head circumference and brain weight is almost straight and closely approximatessimple allometry, the log‐log relationships between stature, on one hand, and head circumference or brain weight, on the other hand, are markedly curved, indicatingcomplex allometry. Applied to 78 males and 73 females whosetotal ageis between 20 weeks and 1.5 years, the confidence intervals of the slope of the major axis of logarithmically transformed data indicate that the allometry exponent of brain weight relative to head circumference is somewhat higher than 3.0, which may reflect changes in head proportions. © 1993 Wiley

ISSN:1042-0533    

DOI:10.1002/ajhb.1310050113

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractTo investigate the role of ethnicity, birth weight, and maternal age in infant mortality, separately in neonatal and postneonatal phases, this study used linked birth and infant death certificates for a 10‐year period, 1979–1988, in the State of Hawaii. Log‐linear analysis was applied to the cross‐classified tables generated from the two files. Birth weight was a strong factor both in neonatal and postneonatal phases, but ethnicity was a factor only in the latter phase. Maternal age was not significant in infant survival in either phase, but it was strongly associated with the other two factors. Among the nine major ethnic groups residing in the state, black and Hawaiian women were more likely to have infants dying during the postneonatal period. © 1993 Wiley

ISSN:1042-0533    

DOI:10.1002/ajhb.1310050114

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractLimited body composition data are available on the adult black population, particularly women. This study examined the accuracy of bioelectric impedance analysis (BIA) in predicting hydrostatically measured percentage body fat (% fat) in 98 physically active, eumenorrheic black females. BIA values were also compared to a standard anthropometric method using seven skinfolds. Whole‐body bioresistance (R) was obtained using an RJL Instrument Model BIA‐101. Fat‐free mass (FFM) was predicted from the equation of Lukaski et al. (J. Appl. Physiol.60:1327–1332, 1986). Body density was measured by hydrostatic weighing (HW) with residual lung volume determined simultaneously. Percent fat was calculated using the Siri (Techniques for Measuring Body Composition, Washington, D.C.: National Academy of Sciences, pp. 223–244, 1961) equation. Compared to HW, BIA significantly underestimated mean FFM (42.8 kg vs. 47.0 kg) and overestimated mean % fat (30.2% vs. 23.4%). Conversely, prediction of % fat and FFM from the sum of seven skinfolds were similar to the criterion values from HW (22.7% vs. 23.4%; 47.4 kg vs. 47.0 kg). Although standard errors of the estimate (SEEs) were similar for BIA (±4.0%) and skinfold (±3.5%) methods, the systematic overestimation of % fat with BIA resulted in only 27 out of 98 black women (28%) having a predicted % fat value within ±4 percentage points of the criterion % fat. In a group of white women (n = 116), % fat values (mean ± SD) were similar between BIA and HW (25.6% ± 6.5 vs. 24.3 ± 5.6). An explanation for this observed racial difference is not readily discernible. Probable variables that may contribute to the higher whole body resistance values for black women include racial differences in skin resistance, body shape and proportions, and relative bone and muscle mass. © 1993

ISSN:1042-0533    

DOI:10.1002/ajhb.1310050115

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:1042-0533    

DOI:10.1002/ajhb.1310050117

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:1042-0533    

DOI:10.1002/ajhb.1310050118

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:1042-0533    

DOI:10.1002/ajhb.1310050119

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:1042-0533    

DOI:10.1002/ajhb.1310050120

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:1042-0533    

DOI:10.1002/ajhb.1310050121

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:1042-0533    

DOI:10.1002/ajhb.1310050122

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY