摘要:

AbstractAs shown in 702 wives with 9–12 years of education and 612 husbands similarly educated, the summed skinfolds of one spouse are influenced by the educational level of the other spouse, considerably so for the husbands. Women with 9–12 years of education married to men of lower educational attainment are higher in the sum of four skinfolds while women of similar years of schooling married to men of college education and beyond are leaner (P=0.001). Possible explanations for the effect of the education of one spouse on the fatness level of the other spouse include selective mating in the direction set by the husband's socioeconomic milieu and fatness “drift” on the part of the wives, again in the direction of the husband's socioeconomic status (SES). While these findings do not lend themselves to a simple biological explanation, they do reiterate the effects of socioeconomic variables on fatness level within populations and even within f

ISSN:1042-0533    

DOI:10.1002/ajhb.1310010302

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIn a sample of 422 adults (200 females and 222 males) aged 18–73 years, the relationship was determined between somatotype estimated by the Health‐Carter (Am. J. Phys. Anthropol.27:57–74, 1967) method and body composition variables determined by using hydrodensitometry (HD) and Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA).The anthropometric (ANC) dimensions used to estimate somatotype were positively correlated with the endomorphic and mesmorphic components and negatively correlated with the ectomorphic component. For the BIA measurements, resistance (R) was negatively correlated with the mesomorphic component; and reactance (XC) was negatively correlated with the endomorphic component; both measurements were positively correlated with the ectomorphic component. The HD‐negative correlations were observed between mass in water and the endomorphic and mesomorphic components, and positive correlations were observed with the ectomorphic component. Body volume and surface area were positively correlated with the endomorphic and mesomorphic components and negatively correlated with the ectomorphic component.Percent fat and fat weight were related to each of the three components of somatotype for males and females. Fat‐free weight for males was also related to the mesomorphic and the ectomorphic c

ISSN:1042-0533    

DOI:10.1002/ajhb.1310010303

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe simple and noninvasive nature of sample collection for salivary steroid assay makes this technique well suited for anthropological field studies of human reproduction function. In this study, a series of controlled experiments was done to investigate the effects of modifying common clinical sample collection and storage procedures for field use. Matched sets of samples were assayed for four steroids to test the effects of using plastic, rather than glass, collection tubes, of using a stimulant to aid collection, and of storing samples at ambient temperature rather than frozen.Our work confirms the feasibility of collecting samples for salivary steroid assay in field situations, while at the same time emphasizing the importance of considering methodological issues in planning and interpreting such studies. Our results show that it is acceptable to use polystyrene collection tubes and a carefully chosen stimulant to aid collection, and that samples can be stored at ambient temperature in the field when frozen storage is not available. In addition, they demonstrate the necessity for consistency in sample collection and storage procedures.

ISSN:1042-0533    

DOI:10.1002/ajhb.1310010304

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA model for the physical growth of individual children from birth to adulthood is proposed which is linear in the model parameters. The advantages of linear over nonlinear models include the relative ease and costs of fitting the model to data of individuals and the fact that statistical methods are more readily available for analysis of parameters from linear models than for nonlinear models. The proposed linear model and the non‐linear triple logistic model are both fit to the measured lengths of two boys and two girl followed from birth to 18 years of ag

ISSN:1042-0533    

DOI:10.1002/ajhb.1310010305

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractPremigration differences in anthorpometry and blood pressure are examined for evidence of selective migration for biological characteristics. We conducted a 5‐years follows‐up of the migration status of 99 American Samoans 15–30 years old who had been previously examined in 1981 and found that 33 had migrated. Analysis of covariance of the baseline anthorpometry and blood pressures of the nonmigrants (n = 58) and those who subsequently migrated (n = 29) indicates that selective migration does occur among young American Samoan adults. Migrants of both sexes tended to be younger and leaner and had significantly lower mean blood pressures than nonmigrants even before migration. Selective migration of lean individuals with lower blood pressures may contribute to the lower blood pressures of migrants from American Samoa living in Hawaii or to the heterogeneity in other Samoan populations. These results are one of the few examples of biological selectivity demonstrated to date and illustrate the dangers of assuming that the effects of selective migration are negligible in studies of migration and h

ISSN:1042-0533    

DOI:10.1002/ajhb.1310010306

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractReference data for 1 month increments in weight, recumbent length, and head circumference, at ages 1 to 12 months, have been derived from serial data for 351 full‐term Canadian infants. This derivation was achieved by (1) fitting a family of three parameter mathematical models to the data for each infant, (2) using these models to estimate values 1 month apart (3) calculating 1 month increments from the status values of 1 month intervals, (4) obtaining the distributions of these increments, and (5) presenting the percentiles of these increments in tables and in figures. The 1 month increments decreased with age during infancy in each sex, and these increments tended to be more rapid for boys than for girls. It is suggested that these reference data are suitable for the assessment of growth rates in infants born at term in Canada or in the United States. They can be used to assist the early identification of deviations from expected growth rates for individuals and to compare population sample

ISSN:1042-0533    

DOI:10.1002/ajhb.1310010307

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractCommunity endogamy is often a preferred cultural practice, although in traditional populations small community size make universal endogamy difficult for lack of appropriate mates. Using civil marriage records from an early 20th century Tarascan Mexican population, the association of local community size, transferred to long values, and endogamy is tested using 2,663 marriages for 40 locations situated in two municipios (counties) forming the Southwest rim of lake Pátzcuaro. The association is linear, with a correlation coefficient of 0.62 for completely endogamous marriages and 0.55 for individual endogamy. If the two municipio cabeceras (county seats) are removed, thervalues improve to 0.83 and 0.80 (all atP<0.001), respectively. Community size is thus important, but in a complex settlement area central place locations, such as the cabeceras, also exert a strong disruptive influence on the simple pattern

ISSN:1042-0533    

DOI:10.1002/ajhb.1310010308

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe hypothesis that three separate mutations to the βS‐globin gene have occurred in Africa in challenged. The distributions of the βSand other β‐globin haplotypes and a simulation of the diffusion of the βSgene are presented and argued to be more in accord with the rapid diffusion of a single mutant that by recombination and gene conversion now occurs on several different hap

ISSN:1042-0533    

DOI:10.1002/ajhb.1310010309

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractBecause of our traditional emphasis on evolutionary processes and the causes of variability, human biologists have contributed to the understanding of variability in human biological aging. The shared interests of human characterized by increased phenotypic variation in later stages of life and by reduced adaptive capacity. The papers in this issue illustrate the unique blend of evolutionary, biosocial, and cross‐cultural perspectives used by human biologists to study the variation in biological aging. The papers present examples of common methodological paradigms such as theoretical/mathematical models, epidemiological studies, natural experiments, and studies of isolated foci of diseases. The principles of human adaptability and the premises of the life‐course perspective may provide the foundation for a conceptual framework that integrates the study of biological, behavioral, and social aspects of human aging. Human biologists can play an important role in refining the theoretical and methodological tools that will be needed to understand the variability in human aging in populations throughout the wo

ISSN:1042-0533    

DOI:10.1002/ajhb.1310010310

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThere is running debate in the gerontological research literature concerning the relationship between causes of mortality and the human lifespan. Much of this debate concerns whether we can, by biomedical intervention in known degenerative diseases, square the human survivorship curve, at a point near some human “maximum lifespan potential” (MLP) This paper examines the concepts of lifespan and MLP and the relationship between the shape of the survivorship curve and the pattern of age‐specific mortality from chronic disease. The MLP need only be viewed as a statistical phenomenon whose genetic determination relates to general human metabolism rather than to programmed events occurring at the end of the human lifespan. The available evidence suggests that slowing of underlying senescence processes will not have the desired effects on survivorship, but rather the opp

ISSN:1042-0533    

DOI:10.1002/ajhb.1310010311

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY