ISSN:0268-8697    

DOI:10.3109/02688698709035299

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1987

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

AIDS is a fatal viral infection transmitted by body fluids, primarily blood, which is becoming more common in the U.K., and if the gloomiest predictions are true will affect millions in the next decade. Most, if not all, of these patients will at some stage develop neurological manifestations: therefore the neurosurgeon will find it difficult to avoid close contact with the syndrome. As the presentation may mimic a number of neurological conditions, or patients with AIDS may suffer head injury, subarachnoid haemorrhage, or other common conditions, it is probably wise to assume all patients have AIDS and to modify operating technique and other procedures where blood may be spilt to minimise the risks of acquiring the infection.

ISSN:0268-8697    

DOI:10.3109/02688698709035300

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1987

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

A historical review of the literature of brain abscess is made and an examination of the universally high mortality and morbidity figures achieved in the past, mainly with conventional burrhole aspiration. A series of 50 cases of supratentorial brain abscess treated over a period of 12 years by immediate primary excision, is presented with discussion. Mortality rate, including patients in coma on admission, was 6%. Morbidity in survivors was correspondingly low.

ISSN:0268-8697    

DOI:10.3109/02688698709035301

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1987

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

A review of the management of 34 patients with subdural empyema treated at the Derbyshire Royal Infirmary has been undertaken. It is concluded that craniotomy has little part to play in the management of patients with this condition. With modern, improved antimicrobials and prompt burr hole lavage complete recovery should be obtained in the majority of cases. The treatment of the severely ill patient is discussed.

ISSN:0268-8697    

DOI:10.3109/02688698709035302

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1987

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

A 57-year-old male with six brain abscesses was successfully treated with metronidazole and ampicillin under close CT-control. To exclude possible tuberculosis a cortical abscess was excised for culture and microscopy. Hydrocephalus which developed was drained and subsequently treated with a permanent ventriculo-peritoneal shunt. Within 42 weeks the remaining five abscesses all showed complete resolution on the CT-scan.

ISSN:0268-8697    

DOI:10.3109/02688698709035303

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1987

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Incidence and mortality Pathogenesis Bacteriology Penetration of antibiotics into the brain Antimicrobial treatment of brain abscess Conservative management

ISSN:0268-8697    

DOI:10.3109/02688698709035304

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1987

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0268-8697    

DOI:10.3109/02688698709035305

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1987

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Olof af Acrel, the father of Swedish Surgery, operated in 1768 upon a young nobleman who had experienced an increasing swelling on the skull, due to a tumour which also turned out to be growing deep into the brain parenchyma. The patient survived the operation for 3 days. Edvard Bull in 1877, after diagnosing a ruptured internal carotid artery aneurysm in a young female who temporarily recovered after her first haemorrhage, emphasised that the risk of a second, fatal haemorrhage—which in fact occurred—was immediate. He predicted that carotid ligation might be a way to reduce the risk of repeated haemorrhage from such aneurysms. Virtually unknown to modern neurosurgeons are many remarkable Nordic pioneers who, in the 1800's and early 1900's, rendered major contributions to the birth of modern neurological surgery. Thus early neurosurgical operations were performed by Carl Daniel von Haartman in Finland and by Christopher Withusen and Gundelach Møller in Denmark. von Haartman and Withusen had both visited Sir Astley Cooper in London in 1816. Vilhelm Magnus of Oslo was a neurosurgical giant, who had been trained by Victor Horsley during visits to London in 1903 and 1904. Magnus performed his first two-stage operation for a tumour located deep in the left cerebral hemisphere in 1903. By 1921, he had operated upon 112 cases of intracranial tumour with an 8.1% surgical mortality. His results were certainly fully comparable with those of his contemporary American pioneer—Harvey Cushing. Vilhelm Magnus, who worked alone under primitive conditions in small private hospitals, published altogether 70 scientific papers. In 1925 his series comprised 189 patients operated upon for brain tumours with 7.7% surgical mortality in supratentorial, and 17.8% mortality in infratentorial tumours. Magnus was congratulated on his brilliant achievements by a Swedish colleague 20 years his junior, Herbert Olivecrona, the man who was to carry on his pioneering work in Sweden.

ISSN:0268-8697    

DOI:10.3109/02688698709035306

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1987

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

For some cranial rhizopathies, such as hemifacial spasm and glossopharyngeal neuralgia, treatment has been unsatisfactory. Neurovascular decompression now offers a cure in almost 90% of these cases. In spite of the availability of alternative minor surgical procedures for trigeminal neuralgia, neurovascular decompression, being non-destructive, is a superior method of treatment. Vascular compression may also play a role in atypical facial pain and decompression may offer relief in this intractable condition. Vascular compression was not observed on exploration for nervus intermedius neuralgia, spasmodic torticollis and Meniere's disease. However, microsurgical techniques for selective section of nerves have been beneficial in Meniere's disease and nervus intermedius neuralgia. Neurovascular decompression is a relatively major procedure and is associated with a complication rate of 15%, deafness being most significant. Surgical expertise, a familiar operating team and possibly intraoperative monitoring facilities can reduce these complications.

ISSN:0268-8697    

DOI:10.3109/02688698709035307

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1987

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Anterior pituitary hyperplasia and histologically verified adenomas were induced by diethylstilboestrol (DES) containing implants in a total of 104 female F344 rats. Thirty rats were used as controls. Blood flow in the anterior pituitary (PBF) was measured using the hydrogen clearance method. PBF was progressively reduced to 25% by DES in 13 weeks but the total adenohypophysial blood flow (flow as measured per unit weight multiplied by weight of the gland) was raised by 75%. Bromocriptine (BC, 1 mg/kg intravenously) reduced PBF by a maximum of 27% in tumour-bearing rats. When bromocriptine (1 mg/kg/day subcutaneously) was given for 7 days before the measurements the hyperplastic effect of DES on the pituitary gland and the total blood flow through the pituitary were both reduced by 23%. Reduction of blood supply may be one of the reasons that bromocriptine is clinically useful.

ISSN:0268-8697    

DOI:10.3109/02688698709035308

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1987

数据来源: Taylor