ISSN:0268-8697    

DOI:10.3109/02688698708999629

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1987

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0268-8697    

DOI:10.3109/02688698708999630

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1987

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0268-8697    

DOI:10.3109/02688698708999631

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1987

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Subtemporal decompression, although seldom used today for the management of hydrocephalus, pseudotumour cerebri, or premature closure of cranial sutures, is still used in many centres to alleviate intracranial hypertension caused by tumour, trauma, or severe intracranial haemorrhage. The charts of 50 patients undergoing subtemporal decompression for either severe head trauma or severe intracranial haemorrhage were reviewed. Preoperative and postoperative computed axial tomographic scans were available in 15 patients for analysis of the effects of decompression on the underlying temporal lobe. Calculation of the additional space provided by subtemporal decompression ranged from 26 to 33 cm3.

ISSN:0268-8697    

DOI:10.3109/02688698708999632

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1987

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Transcranial Doppler ultrasound was used to determine the natural history of cerebral arterial vascular spasm following severe head injury. Doppler Flow Velocity (DFV) was measured in the anterior cerebral, middle cerebral and terminal carotid arteries. High DFVs consistent with vasospasm were identified in 68% of the 25 patients studied. They came on from between 12 h and 4 days and lasted from 12 h to 14 days. No relationship could be determined between presumed vasospasm and blood pressure, intracranial pressure or outcome. Rises in the maximum DFV value (to above 100 cm s1) were associated with neurological deterioration in 12 instances (in 11 of these the DFV remained elevated for more than 12 h). Deterioration occurred in three instances without change in DFV. DFV rose to above 100 cm s-1on 10 occasions without neurological change (but remained elevated for more than 12 h in only four of these). Vasospasm has been found to be more common following head injury and may be a more significant cause of deterioration than previously thought.

ISSN:0268-8697    

DOI:10.3109/02688698708999633

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1987

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The water content of samples of normal and oedematous brain in lobectomy specimens from 16 patients with cerebral tumours has been measured by gravimetry and by wet and dry weighing. Uncorrected gravimetry underestimated the water content of oedematous peritumoural cortex by a mean of 1.17%, and of oedematous peritumoural white matter by a mean of 2.52%. Gravimetric correction equations calculated theoretically and from an animal model of serum infusion white matter oedema overestimate peritumoural white matter oedema in man, and empirical gravimetric error correction factors for oedematous peritumoural human white matter and cortex have therefore been derived. These enable gravimetry to be used to accurately determine peritumoural oedema in man.

ISSN:0268-8697    

DOI:10.3109/02688698708999634

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1987

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Although CT scanning has considerably imporved diagnostic accuracy, problems remain in establishing a precise preoperative diagnosis in cases of intracranial lesions especially when a cyst is present. Five cases of cysions are presented to illustrate these probles. The CT features of cystic lesions as well as the pathophysiological processes that lead to their formation are discussed. The pertinent literature on this topic is reviewed.

ISSN:0268-8697    

DOI:10.3109/02688698708999635

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1987

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

In the Danish Aneurysm Study 1,076 patients were admitted with an aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage in the 5-year period 1978–83. Pre-existing arterial hypertension, defined by the necessity for antihypertensive treatment at the time of admission was identified in 155 patients (15%). Nine hundred and two (85%) were normotensive. Nineteen patients were excluded because of inadequate information. Comparisons between the hypertensive and normotensive groups of patients showed no significant differences in sex-distribution, onset and course of the initial insult, results of primary CT-scan, location, size and numbers of aneurysms, number of rebleedings, and also in neurological symptoms, mental status, accommodation and occupation at a 2-year follow-up examination. The hypertensive group differed significantly in the following variables from the normotensive group. The median age was 8 years older (55 and 47 years of age respectively); a fewer number of patients fell into Hunt grade I-II on admission (34% and 43% respectively); an increased frequency of extracranial (23% and 13% respectively) and intracranial (35% and 18%, respectively) atherosclerosis was seen on angiography; a fewer number of patients underwent operation (48% and 66%, respectively); and at the 2-year follow-up examination an increased rate of overall mortality was evident (59% and 42%, respectively). There was an increased rate of mortality in patients in Hunt grade I-II on admission (52% and 22%, respectively) and an increased rate of mortality in patients who rebled (100% and 75%, respectively). Pre-existing arterial hypertension is an unfavourable prognostic factor after an aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage.

ISSN:0268-8697    

DOI:10.3109/02688698708999636

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1987

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), the enzyme responsible for the formation of ACh from choline and acetyl-coenzyme A, is a marker of cholinergic function and is significantly depressed in the brains of Alzheimer patients. It has been shown that omental tissue contains several neuroactive substances and causes revascularization when placed upon the brain of stroke patients. In this study, it was demonstrated that omental tissue exhibits specific ChAT activity. This activity was choline-dependent, inhibited by N-ethylmaleimide (a known ChAT inhibitor), and was characterized by kinetic parameters consistent with values for the neuronal enzyme. It is suggested that omental placement to the brain together with oral choline administration might prove to be useful for increasing ACh synthesis in Alzheimer's disease.

ISSN:0268-8697    

DOI:10.3109/02688698708999637

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1987

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Nineteen hydrocephalic patients were studied to determine factors affecting cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow through shunts. This study was based on our previously reported method by which fluctuations in CSF flow through a shunt of from 0.01 mlmin-1to 1.93 mlmin-1were identified, each having its own rhythmic pattern.While CSF flow in a supine position was less than 0.01 mlmin-1, head elevation to 60°led to increases in CSF flow from 0.12 mlmin-1to 0.17 mlmin-1. Sudden respiratory changes such as coughing also affected CSF flow. CSF flows were higher than average between 10 pm and 7 am, and changes in CSF flow were related to slight increases in ICP during REM sleep. There is no relationship between CSF flow in a shunt and daily fluid intake which varied from 27 ml kg-1to 103 ml kg-1, and no significant changes in CSF flow resulting from rapid intravenous injection of Glycerol and Ringer's solution.

ISSN:0268-8697    

DOI:10.3109/02688698708999638

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1987

数据来源: Taylor