摘要:

A method for the quantitative determination of plasma concentrations of ampicillin and cloxacillin in mixture is described. The antibiotics were separated by high voltage paper electrophoresis. The high affinity of cloxacillin for albumin seriously interfered with the electrophoretic separation of the antibiotics and the quantitation of cloxacillin. Therefore, prior to electrophoresis, the plasma proteins were digested with trypsin to release cloxacillin. Subsequent to the electrophoretic separation the antibiotics were developed micro‐biologically by agar diffusion using the separated spots on the paper as diffusion centres. The inhibition zones were clearly visible after staining and could be quantitated. The method was evaluated statistically and showed good agreement with the paper disc diffusion metho

ISSN:0365-5563    

DOI:10.1111/j.1699-0463.1974.tb02294.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Mixed bacterial cultures from the ingesta of cocks grown under different circumstances were tested for their inhibitory effect on the colonization ofSalmonella infantis.The cultures grown in one or more of three different media were given to chickens, which were inoculated withS. infantisone day or one week later. It was shown that the original media could be considerably simplified without causing any change in the preventive effect of the culture. An anaerobically incubated VL‐medium was shown to be convenient for the cultivation of a flora inhibiting the colonization ofS. infantisin the intestines of broiler chickens equally well at the age of one day and at that of one week. Meat broth or aerobically incubated VL‐medium were shown to be unsuitable. The culture grown in a VL‐medium was shown to be effective againstS. infantisalso when administered to the chickens with the drinking

ISSN:0365-5563    

DOI:10.1111/j.1699-0463.1974.tb02295.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

In a 220‐bed geriatric hospital in Helsinki, 427 specimens were taken for fungal culture from 155 aged persons in 1970–1973. Of this sample material, 44.0 per cent were positive for yeast growth. A total of 212 yeast strains, belonging to 11 species, were isolated. The strains were most generally isolated from sputum (66.7 per cent of specimens were positive for yeast). The incidence of occurrence of the most common yeast,Candida albicans, was 26.3 per cent in the total specimen material (= 52.8 per cent of all isolated yeasts). The second in frequency wasTorulopsis glabrata(21.2 per cent of isolated yeas

ISSN:0365-5563    

DOI:10.1111/j.1699-0463.1974.tb02296.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Mycobacterium ranaehas been used as an experimental model to investigate the feasibility of developing a phage typing system for the subdivision of a mycobacterial species. Typing by means of unadapted phages was of limited value whereas, for one group of strains, a highly discriminative set of adapted phages was produced. The eleven phages used in the study were divisible into four groups, one consisting of three phages from pseudolysogenic strains. Two other groups have been named theTaraandPensogroups, respectively. Two hitherto undescribed phages have been isolated and designated Mx1 and Mx2.

ISSN:0365-5563    

DOI:10.1111/j.1699-0463.1974.tb02297.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The concentration and persistence ofM. arthritidisin obstructed and unobstructed kidneys of rats after intracardial inoculation has been investigated. Inoculation of 108c.f.u.M. arthritidis, giving a deposit of 104c.f.u./g kidney tissue, depressed the resistance againstE. coliso that secondary intravenous inoculation of 106or 107ofE. coliwould be followed by severe acute pyelonephritis. These doses ofE. colicould not provoke inflammation if given without primary mycoplasma inoculation.

ISSN:0365-5563    

DOI:10.1111/j.1699-0463.1974.tb02298.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The mouse mutantnudeis immunologically deficient due to congenital absence of the thymus. It will accept allografts and heterografts from closely and remotely related donors. Its humoral immune response to a number of other antigens is also imperfect.De novomalignancies can be induced in thenudeby chemical carcinogen. The lack of a cell‐mediated immune response could be expected to be accompanied by a similar defect in the immunological surveillance mechanism against neoplasia. We have studied 11, 000nudemice from birth to three months of age or to the normal life expectation of the animal. The total observation time within the period 1969–1972 was some 40, 000 months of mouse life. No malignancy was observed during this period. This striking observation is discussed in relation tode novocancers following organ transplantation in man, and the high incidence of malignancies in patients with immune deficiency disorders. It is suggested that immunological surveillance—if existing—may represent a third expression of the immune system, separate from cell‐mediated and humoral

ISSN:0365-5563    

DOI:10.1111/j.1699-0463.1974.tb02299.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The occurrence of humoral antibodies toStrep. 2Ain recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) was investigated by titrating sera and by using a double‐layer immunofluorescence staining method. The series comprised 24 patients with RAS and 24 persons without anamnestic or clinical signs of RAS. The distribution of endpoint titre in RAS differed significantly in relation to the distribution in the controls (p<0.005). No antibodies to a strain ofStreptomycesand a strain ofNeisseriaused were demonstrated in RAS. The results indicate thatStrep. 2Ahypersensitivity is a feature of RA

ISSN:0365-5563    

DOI:10.1111/j.1699-0463.1974.tb02300.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The ultrastructural localization of blood group substance A and its relationship to the cell coat was studied on exfoliated buccal epithelial cells from four male subjects. The antigens were detected by a double layer immunoperoxidase staining method (IP) as well as a double layer immunoferritin (IF) staining method. The cell coat was studied using ruthenium red. There was no variation in results obtained by the IP and IF staining procedures. Positive reacting cells (IP and IF staining) showed either an even or a patchy distribution of the reaction products along the outer part of the cell membrane. Some cells had only very little or no reaction products. The cell coat appeared as an evenly distributed electron dense granular layer at a localization corresponding to that of the antigen.

ISSN:0365-5563    

DOI:10.1111/j.1699-0463.1974.tb02301.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

In vitro lymphocyte activation by phytohaemagglutinin was measured as3H‐TdR incorporation by buffy coat cultures from 90 patients with sarcoidosis. Neither the median response nor the geometric mean response in sarcoidosis differed significantly from those in controls. However, when the series was divided into clinical subgroups, patients with hilar adenopathy and parenchymal pulmonary changes had significantly weaker responses. The PHA response was significantly higher in patients with erythema nodosum than in those without this sympto

ISSN:0365-5563    

DOI:10.1111/j.1699-0463.1974.tb02302.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A modified method for evaluation of human neutrophil granulocyte functionin vitro, based upon the combined determination of total and intracellular surviving bacteria in a reaction system of leucocytes andStaphylococcus aureus, is described. Analysis of the system reveals a close relationship between the processes of ingestion and intraleucocytic killing on a functional level, and points towards dependence of intraleucocytic killing rate upon the rate of ingestion. Defects in intraleucocytic killing are disclosed readily by an increase in the number of surviving intracellular bacteria which will not be caused by increased ingestion under normal conditions. Greatly impaired ingestion will cause an increase in total surviving bacteria with a near normal number of intracellular surviving bacteria. On the basis of these studies it can be concluded that this type of method is particularly suitable for the detection of defects in intraleucocytic killing whereas defects in ingestion are less readily disclosed.

ISSN:0365-5563    

DOI:10.1111/j.1699-0463.1974.tb02303.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY