摘要:

The primary immune response and the immunological memory have been studied in four groups of AKR mice using the haemolytic plaque assay. Two groups of mice, I and III, were given 4.106and 4.108SRBC, respectively; two other groups, II and IV, received additional 10 mg 6‐mercaptopurin (6MP)/kg body weight for 7 days. The primary 19S and 7S cellular antibody response in group III was 7—100 times greater than that in group I. The 6MP treatment depressed the primary immune response. The depression was greater in the mice stimulated with the lower antigen dose (group II). Ten days after the first stimulation, all four groups of mice were given 4.108SRBC. Group I showed a marked immunological memory, whereas group III showed a secondary antibody response lower than the primary one. Treatment with 6MP accentuated the difference. It is discussed. whether the reduction of immunological memory in this experiment is due to cellular exhaustion or inhibition by the antibody produ

ISSN:0365-5563    

DOI:10.1111/j.1699-0463.1971.tb00065.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1971

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Both the time interval between two antigenic stimuli and the size of the primary and secondary antigen doses have been varied in a study on antibody formation against human serum albumin (HSA) in rabbits. It was found that the variation of the time interval between the primary and secondary stimulation did not significantly influence the amount of antibody produced in the secondary response. This was true whatever the size of the primary dose of antigen. However, when‐rabbits were stimulated with the same primary antigen dose, the amount of antibody produced in the secondary response was closely correlated with the dose of antigen used for restimulation. The results are discussed in relation to present theories regarding the regulation on immunological memor

ISSN:0365-5563    

DOI:10.1111/j.1699-0463.1971.tb00066.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1971

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

In the Burns Unit, Copenhagen,Staphylococcus aureuswas isolated from 80 per cent of patients showing clinical infection in the burns. Most strains were resistant to penicillin, streptomycin, tetracyclines, erythromycin, neomycin, and bacitracin. These multiresistant strains ofS. aureuswere found to occur with increasing frequency in extensive burns, the incidence increasing parallel with the duration of patient's stay in hospital and increasing duration of infection. The total incidence increased in the Unit in the course of the study period, and in 1968 multiresistant strains were isolated from 94 per cent of the patients infected withS. aureus.This endemic occurrence is explained by the use of neomycin and bacitracin for the local treatment of the burns. Erythromycin has never been used. Moreover, in the case of fusidic acid a relationship between the antibiotic consumption and the appearance of strains with reduced sensitivity was demonstrated. At admission, 30 per cent of the patients were found to harbourS. aureusin the nose, but only 2.5 per cent were subsequently infected by their own nasal staphylococci, and in most cases these staphylococci were later overgrown by the multiresistant strains.

ISSN:0365-5563    

DOI:10.1111/j.1699-0463.1971.tb00067.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1971

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

In the Burns Unit, Copenhagen,Staphylococcus aureuswas demonstrated in 80 per cent of burns which showed clinical infection. All strains were phage typed. The strains of the complex 52, 52A, 80, 81 decreased in frequency in the course of 1962. At the same time, there was an increase in the occurrence of the complex 84, 85, 6557, to which, in 1967, 80 per cent of the isolatedS. aureusstrains belonged. 93 per cent of these strains were resistant to penicillin, streptomycin, tetracyclines, erythromycin, neomycin, and bacitracin and were found to occur at increasing frequency in extensive burns, in cases of prolonged infection, and in patients showing a poor take of skin grafts. Owing to this endemic occurrence, the material does not permit conclusions to be drawn concerning virulence, and distribution of the phage types demonstrated was the same as that in other hospital infections. The spread of type 84/85/6557 was followed. The sensitivity of these strains to erythromycin, neomycin, and bacitracin was studied by the tube dilution method. Gradual transitions to resistance or dissociated resistance could not be demonstrated. The resistance to erythromycin was of the inducible form, but an increasing resistance to oleandomycin developed. The possibility that this strain may have arisen from 83A by lysogenic conversion is discussed.

ISSN:0365-5563    

DOI:10.1111/j.1699-0463.1971.tb00068.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1971

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A number ofin vitroinvestigations have been carried out with gentamicin. Kinetic experiments were performed on the antibacterial effect of gentamicin alone and in combination with seven other antibiotics. Chloramphenicol and tetracycline inhibited the bactericidal effect of gentamicin, whereas the combination of gentamicin with three penicillins, sul‐phathiazole, polymyxin B, and streptomycin showed an additive effect by inhibiting regrowth of the test organism. The antibacterial spectrum of gentamicin was examined, based on IC50 determinations of 158 gram‐positive and 266 gram‐negative strains. In addition, 519Staphylococcus aureusstrains were tested, 516 of which were regarded as being fully sensitive. Comparison was made of the relationship between the sensitivity of gentamicin and streptomycin, kanamycin, and neomycin. A high degree of concordance between gentamicin and neomycin was found, although this was not complete. Streptomycin and kanamycin showed less correlation with gentamicin. In three strains which had been made resistant to gentamicin, a similar reduction in sensitivity to the other antibiotics developed. A method is described for routine sensitivity testing, using prediffusion and discs containing 25 μg gentamicin su

ISSN:0365-5563    

DOI:10.1111/j.1699-0463.1971.tb00069.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1971

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0365-5563    

DOI:10.1111/j.1699-0463.1971.tb00070.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1971

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

In vitrosensitivity determinations to Bay b 5097 were carried out on 38 yeast‐like fungi of the speciesCandida, Torulopsis, andCryptococcus. The strains examined were clearly different from each other as regards their sensitivity to Bay b 5097. Some strains ofCandida parapsilosis, Candida pseudotropicalis, andCryptococcus neoformans, and a few strains ofCandida albicanswere clearly sensitive to Bay b 5097, while the majority of theCandida albicansand all theCandida tropicalisstrains were among those that must be regarded as only slightly sensitive. The divergencies between previously published reports of sensitivity determinations on yeast‐like fungi to Bay b 5097 and those in the present study are pointed out, and it would seem justifiable to demand that sensitivity determination should be carried out before any treatment with antimycotics is embarked u

ISSN:0365-5563    

DOI:10.1111/j.1699-0463.1971.tb00071.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1971

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Oligosaccharides that combine with antibody to a chick allantoic glycopeptide sulphate have been produced both by dilute acid and alkali treatment of the glycopeptide. Chemical and immunological assays of the oligosaccharides in conjunction with periodate oxidation studies and enzyme treatments have helped to elucidate the carbohydrate residues responsible for antibody‐combining activity in the parent glycopeptide. Peptide, sialic acid, 2‐amino‐2‐deoxyglucose and 2‐amino‐2‐deoxygalactose residues in the glycopeptide play no part in conferring activity, but D‐galactose and, to a lesser extent, fucose are sole components of the active site. Two types of D)‐galactose determinant residues are present, differing in their susceptibility to pe

ISSN:0365-5563    

DOI:10.1111/j.1699-0463.1971.tb00072.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1971

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A report is given of comparative investigations ofStaph. aureusstrains isolated from bovine mastitis and from the nasal cavities of healthy cattle by various biochemical tests, by phage typing with the international basic set and withDavidson'sset, and by serological typing. The majority of the strains could be identified by their biochemical properties as belonging to the bovine variant ofStaph. aureus. The carrier strains differed from the mastitis strains both biochemically, by phage typing and by serological typing. Within each group the strains were very homogeneous. The significance of the homogeneity and of the particular biochemical properties of the carrier strains are discussed.

ISSN:0365-5563    

DOI:10.1111/j.1699-0463.1971.tb00073.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1971

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Samples of skeletal muscle tissue were treated with normal human serum and with sera from 25 patients with myasthenia gravis. Rheumatoid factor‐containing serum was absorbed with the washed tissue sediments. Waaler's test was performed before and after the absorption. Tissue treated with normal serum did not reduce the titre of rheumatoid factor. Tissue treated with sera from 21 patients with myasthenia gravis, gave a significant titre fall. Four sera from myasthenia gravis patients contained rheumatoid factor. Tissue treated with these, sera did not bind isologous rheumatoid factor. When the sera were treated with mercaptoethanol before incubation with the tissue sediments, absorption both of isologous and of autologous rheumatoid factor was demonstrated. Thus, absorption of rheumatoid factor allows discrimination between γ‐globulins bound to muscle tissue by the Fab portion or the Fc por

ISSN:0365-5563    

DOI:10.1111/j.1699-0463.1971.tb00074.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1971

数据来源: WILEY