摘要:

Neisseria meningitidisGroup B microorganisms, inactivated with phenol and harvested by centrifugation, were subjected to direct treatment with various detergents to solubilize the serotype determinant proteins localized in the outer membrane. Analysis of the data showed that extraction of the cells with detergents provided yields of the serotype protein substantially exceeding those obtained by simple salt extraction of the bacteria. Routinely, more than 2 mg of end product per g of cell mass (wet weight) may be recovered by the present method. By gel chromatographic analysis, the serotype determinant protein was shown to interact with the capsular polysaccharides derived from Group A or CNeisseria meningitidismicroorganisms, forming high molecular weight complexes. This interaction markedly enhanced the solubility of the serotype determinant protein. Combined vaccines of the type‐specific protein with the group‐ specific polysaccharides were evaluated for their immunogenic potential in the subcutaneous steel spring implant model. In guinea pigs, amounts corresponding to 10 μg completely prevented infection upon challenge with homologous organisms four weeks after immunization. Partial protection was observed with immunizing doses corresponding to 2 μg or 0.4 μg/animal, respectively. Compared to lyophilized preparations, vaccines adsorbed to a mineral carrier were slightly less effective in inducing protection, whereas inclusion ofBordetella pertussisas a component of the vaccine stimulated the immune re

ISSN:0304-1328    

DOI:10.1111/j.1699-0463.1981.tb02667.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A »reverse« solid‐phase radio‐immuno‐assay for IgM antibodies to hepatitis A virus (HAV) was developed. Anti‐human IgM immunoglobulins were bound on the wells of polyvinylchloride microliter plates. Serum specimens were incubated in the anti‐human IgM coated wells and bound IgM antibodies were then assayed for antigen specificity by subsequent incubations with HAV antigen and125I‐labelled human anti‐HAV IgG. The test showed a high sensitivity and specificity for anti‐HAV IgM antibodies. No false‐positive reactions were observed either in the sera from patients with hepatobiliary disorders other than HAV infection or in the sera containing both rheumatoid factor and anti‐HAV IgG antibodies. In acute HAV infections specific IgM antibodies were present already in the first specimens taken within a few days after the onset of jaundice. The persistence of the IgM antibodies was from 4 to 6 months. IgM antibody titers up to 1,000,000 were observed in the acute phase of HAV infection. In routine diagnostic work the titration of the sera was not necessary, since a reliable qualitative result was obtained by testing the sera in a single diluton of 1:100. A similar »reverse« immuno‐assay principle may be adaptable for the diagnostic determination of IgM antibodies to different vir

ISSN:0304-1328    

DOI:10.1111/j.1699-0463.1981.tb02668.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Human monocytes culturedin vitroexert cytostatic activity against the non‐adherent human leukemic cell line K‐562. K‐562 cells in asynchronous growth were added as target cells to adherent mononuclear blood cells, either freshly isolated or culturedin vitrofor 4 and 12 days. After 24 hours of co‐culture, the non‐adherent cells were gently removed and incubated further. Target cell DNA‐synthesis and cellular DNA content were examined by methyl‐3H‐thymidine incorporation and by flow cytofluorometry, respectively. Cell‐proliferation curves were obtained. Monocytes culturedin vitroexert a reversible cytostatic activity, which is a partial cell cycle block in the G0/G1phase. Target cells exposed to freshly isolated monocytes also showed accumulation of cells in the G0/G1phase. These target cells did not regain their normal proliferation rate before day 3 after removal from the monocyte cultures. This effect may, however, to some extent be due to loosely adherent mononuclear blood cells removed from the monocyte cultures together with

ISSN:0304-1328    

DOI:10.1111/j.1699-0463.1981.tb02669.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Crossed immunoelectrophoresis was used to study precipitating antibodies againstStaphylococcus aureusin sera from 263 normal persons and in 10 colostrum samples. A polyspecific protein‐A free S.aureusantigen preparation and a corresponding rabbit antiserum constituted the reference system. All the sera contained precipitins against 6–10S. aureusantigens. One of these was teichoic acid, and the titre of antibodies against cell wall teichoic acid varied from person to person, in contrast to other commonly occurring antibodies. The precipitin score, which expresses the number and titre of precipitins in each serum, increased with age. Colostrum contained 3 precipitins, which were not present in the corresponding maternal s

ISSN:0304-1328    

DOI:10.1111/j.1699-0463.1981.tb02670.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Immunoadsorbent technique was used for isolation of soluble antigens from the culture medium ofin vitrogrownP. falciparum. Two antigens were isolated and shown to be immunochemically identical to 2 antigens present in plasma from West Africans withP. falciparumparasitaemia. Evidence is provided that 1 of the antigens is an amphiphilic antigen of the S‐clas

ISSN:0304-1328    

DOI:10.1111/j.1699-0463.1981.tb02671.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Repeated transient rises in blood pressure to hypertensive levels were induced by intravenous injections of angiotensin once or twice weekly. This procedure induced chronic arterial hypertension in five of fourteen rats (36%) within 4–6 weeks of starting the injections. Intracutaneous tests using homogenized common carotid arteries and histological examination of the kidneys gave support to the hypothesis that the transient rises in blood pressure to hypertensive levels resulted in a delayed hypersensitivity (DHS) reaction against components in small arteries and arterioles. This DHS reaction seemed to be responsible for an increased permeability of arterial vessels to plasma components causing exudative thickening of the walls of small arteries and arterioles and thereby narrowing of their lumina. When the lumina of small arteries and arterioles are narrowed, peripheral resistance to blood flow increases, and arterial hypertension result

ISSN:0304-1328    

DOI:10.1111/j.1699-0463.1981.tb02672.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Thymidine incorporation by human blood mononuclear cells, unstimulated and stimulated with phytohaemagglutinin (PHA), pokeweed mitogen (PWM) and purified protein derivate of tuberculin (PPD) was studied with and without addition of pyrimethamine. Responses were increased significantly by pyrimethamine in the PWM and PPD stimulated cultures, in the PPD cultures even by concentrations of pyrimethamine, which can be achieved with therapeutic doses of this drug. The closely related compound trimethoprim did not alter PHA‐, PWM‐ and PPD‐responses significantly. The possibility of using pyrimethamine ‐ a widely used prophylactic antimalarial ‐ as an immunopotentiator is

ISSN:0304-1328    

DOI:10.1111/j.1699-0463.1981.tb02673.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Using a methyl‐3H‐thymidine release assay, the cytolytic activity of human adherent mononuclear blood cells (AC) against three transformed human tumour cell lines of mesenchymal (U‐20S), epithelial (NHIK 3025) and hematogenous (K‐562) origin was compared to the activity against non‐transformed skin fibroblasts (U‐2S) and mesothelial cells (meso). Only transformed target cells were affected by the spontaneous cytolytic activity of normal AC tested after 0, 4 or 8 days ofin vitroculture. Lymphokine‐activated 4‐days old AC also preferentially lysed transformed target cells, but low levels of lysis of non‐transformed target cells were observed at high effector cell densities. Freshly isolated AC were spontaneously cytostatic to K‐562, but not to NHIK 3025 cells, while differentiated AC cultured for 8 days were cytostatic to both cell lines. Lymphocyte‐like cells comprised up to 10% of freshly isolated AC, and most of these lymphocytes seemed to be non‐T‐cells as evaluated by α‐naphtyl‐esterase (ANAE) staining. Most of these cells detached during the first 24 h ofin vitroculture. and the fraction of AC expressing monocyte markers (diffuse ANAE reactivity, interaction with ox erythrocytes coated with IgG or IgM + complement, interaction withCandida albicans)increased to nearly 100% after 4–8 days ofin vitroculture. Thus, the effector cells expressing spontaneous cytolytic activity in this system have monocyte characteristics after 1 day ofin vitroculture. However, contribution of adherent non‐monocytic cells to the cytotoxicity observed during the first 24 hou

ISSN:0304-1328    

DOI:10.1111/j.1699-0463.1981.tb02674.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Cellular and humoral anti‐tumour reactivity in strains of mice highly susceptible (C57B1/6) or less susceptible (C57BI/6 × DBA/2 = B6D2F1) to Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) was investigated. Natural killer cell activity in a51Cr release assay against this tumour could be demonstrated with a good correlation toin vivosusceptibility. This has not been demonstrated earlier for solid, spontaneous tumours. T‐cell deficiency (congenital athymic (nude mice)) did not affect the cumulative incidence of tumour take. However, the number of lung metastases was significantly reduced in nude mice. Treatment with antilymphocytic serum (ALS) increased the susceptibility to LLC inbothstrains. In a soft agar colony assay a marked reduction in the number of colonies was observed when tumour cells were incubated with serum from B6D2F1mice as compared to serum from C57B1/6 mice, prior to seeding. Apparently naturally occurring cellular, as well as humoral effector mechanisms are involved in host resistance to Lewis lung carcinoma in the m

ISSN:0304-1328    

DOI:10.1111/j.1699-0463.1981.tb02675.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Upon infection withMycobacterium lepraemurium(MLM) C3H mice develop a disease that has features in common with lepromatous leprosy in man. Intraperitoneal vaccination with a single dose of BCG four weeks before inoculation with MLM in the footpad significantly reduced the total bacillary load of the animals. In vaccinated animals there was a delay in the dissemination of bacilli to the popliteal lymph node, liver, and spleen. The growth rate of MLM in the footpad and the popliteal lymph node was not altered by BCG vaccination. Reduced dissemination of the bacilli seems to be a sensitive parameter of resistance in murine leprosy. The mechanism of the resistance observed is discussed mainly in relation to non‐specific macrophage activation and T‐cell mediated responses to cross‐reactive ant

ISSN:0304-1328    

DOI:10.1111/j.1699-0463.1981.tb02676.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY