ISSN:0149-0508    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-0130.1993.tb00182.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Alva Myrdal, co‐recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize in 1982, developed her diplomatic skills and international loyalties in women's movements between the wars and during World War II. She considered feminism a global enterprise whose goals were the enhancement of educational, political, and economic opportunities for women everywhere. Working with both the Swedish Social Democratic Women's Association and the International Federation of Business and Professional Women, she tried to reconcile mothers'paid employment with children's rights to excellent care. During World War I1 her efforts to receive and protect refugees in neutral Sweden tranrformed her into a feminist internarionalist. As the leading woman in the UN Secretariat and at UNESCO in the early 1950s, she enlisted women's organizations to support UN aid to developing narions, cct the same time insisting tha! equal opportuniiy for women was essential to the peaceful progress anddecent life that all people neede

ISSN:0149-0508    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-0130.1993.tb00183.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The accepted division of the pacifist‐dominated antinuclear movement in the late 1950s into radical pacifism, nuclear pacifism, and traditional pacifism rests primarily on an analysis of the different tactics that each group employed against the bomb. Yet pacifists never confined themselves to foreign and nuclear policy. Only by examining a broader intellectual context can certain pacifist ideas, as well as intrapacifist political disputes, be fully understood. In fact, different views of mass societyndashone of the most debated concepts in postwar intellectual circlesndashunderlay the different tactical choices. Pacifists concerned themselves with the bomb not only because of possible nuclear devastation but also because the weapon symbolized the power of mass society to annihilate an individual's destiny. They thus both responded to a threat to peace and fostered a broader discourse concerning the nature of American societ

ISSN:0149-0508    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-0130.1993.tb00184.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This study offers a conceptual framework for the analysis of concrete conflicts and also the violence that can result from conflicts. A conflict situation is the background setting in a particular time and place in which the important parties, issues, and possible outcomes are embedded. A party is an individual, entity, organization, or agency of some sort that has a distinct set of preferences relating to the possible outcomes of a situation. Preferences are indications of the choices a party would make among the possible outcomes of a situation. Parties generally have some capacities, which are resources or powers they can use to assure that their preferences are fulfilled. Conflict is an incompatibility of preferences in a situation with several different possible outcomes. There are two basic kinds of conflict: dilemmas, or internal conflicts, are cases in which one party has difficulty making a choice; and disputes, or social conflicts, occur where there are two (or more) parties, and their preferences are incompatible. Thus the bask architecture of social conflicts is made up of a few basic elements: in a situation there are different parties with certain capacities to pursue their preferences with regard to a variety of issues, and their preferences are incompatible. Violence means doing harm to others in the pursuit of one's own preferences. Peace is the absence of violence, negative peace is the absence of physical violence, and positive peace is the absence of all kinds of violencendashphysical, economic, political, and cultural. It can be useful for conflicting parties to analyze their conflict themselves. With systematic conflict analysis through interactive procedures, the representation of the conflict is not introduced by outsiders but is built up, step by step, by the conflicting parties. Repeated reconstruction of conflict descriptions carried out jointly by the parties can be an important tool of conflict resolution.

ISSN:0149-0508    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-0130.1993.tb00185.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This essay examines the problems of characterizing the environment or “space” in which international relations take place in the late twentieth century. Varied usages and problematic aspects of the concepts of world community and world society are considered It is concluded that social science has yet to develop standard and precise conceptual tools for describing the international space. The importance of studying changes in patterns of discourse and perception of the international context is arg

ISSN:0149-0508    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-0130.1993.tb00186.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Book reviewed in this article:Give Peace a Chance: Exploring the Vietnam Antiwar Movement, edited by Melvin Small and William HooverYugoslavia, War, edited by Tonĉi KuzmanicA and Arno Truger.Civilizations, Empires and Wars: A Quantitative History of War, by William Eckhard

ISSN:0149-0508    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-0130.1993.tb00187.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0149-0508    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-0130.1993.tb00188.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0149-0508    

DOI:10.1111/j.1468-0130.1993.tb00190.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY