摘要:

AbstractA number of 2‐aryl‐ and 2‐aryloxymethyl‐5‐aryl‐7H‐1,3,4‐thiadiazolo[3,2‐a][1,3,5]triazine‐7‐thiones have been synthesised and their fungitoxicities determined in vitro against Aspergillus niger and Fusarium oxysporum. Two alternative routes for synthesis of the title compounds are described. Some of the compounds had activities comparable with that of the commercial fungicide mancozeb. Structure/activity relationships for the co

ISSN:0031-613X    

DOI:10.1002/ps.2780250302

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractLarvae of the lesser date moth (Batrachedra amydraula Meyr.) cause damage to dates in Iraq. A formulation based on a mixture of equal parts of wheat flour and pollen grains and containing either chlorpyrifos, fenitrothion or pirimiphos‐methyl (all at 5 mg kg−l) was dusted (5 g formulation bunch−1) onto female clusters of dates at the time of pollination. Numbers of larvae, yield of dates and insecticide residues were monitored over a three‐month period. Results showed that, by this technique, all three insecticides were effective in controlling the pest but that fenitrothion and chlorpyrifos were better than pirimiphos

ISSN:0031-613X    

DOI:10.1002/ps.2780250303

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe effect of pesticide delivery on the eficacy of equivalent rates of several insecticides was investigated by comparing broadcast foliar sprays to applications via drip irrigation in bell peppers, celery and cantaloupe.Oxamyl applied through the drip line controlled green peach aphids, Myzus persicae (Sulzer) in bell peppers, Capsicum annum L. ‘Tambel‐2’, throughout the growing season, but did not control pepper weevil, Anthonomus eugenii Cano populations. Foliar applications of oxamyl controlled both insects. Foliar applications of cyromazine controlled leafminers, Liriomyza spp. in bell peppers late in the growing season. Drip applications of cyromazine suppressed leafiminers early in the growing season, but were ineffective in later applications.In cantaloupe, Cucumis melo L. ‘Magnum 45’, populations of melon aphids, Aphis gossypii Glover were suppressed with oxamyl and oxydemeton‐methyl, but foliar applications were significantlymore effective in achieving reductions. Oxamyl controlled leafmminers in cantaloupe with both application methods after the first evaluation, but control was superior with foliar applications at the second evaluation.Oxamyl suppressed populations of the western potato leafhopper, Empoasca abrupta DeLong in celery, Apium graveolens L. ‘5270’, using either delivery method. Oxamyl residues in drip‐applied celery were higher than USA regulations would allow, thus the rate of application would have to be modified.A cost analysis comparing delivery systems indicated that a drip‐applied insecticide application was much less expensive than a foliar application with air or ground equipment. However, control was limited to phloem‐feeding insects, was slower in attainment, and at best, was equal to or less than that obtaine

ISSN:0031-613X    

DOI:10.1002/ps.2780250304

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractPeat moss has been found to be an effective ‘organic matrix’ for the absorption and degradation of diazinon in experimental disposal pits. High concentrations of diazinon sorbed onto nutrient‐enriched commercial grade peat moss were rapidly degraded. Pits treated with diazinon concentrations ranging from 4000 to 32000 mg kg−1contained less than 1 to 7 mg kg−1after 18 weeks. Initially, degradation probably was due to hydrolysis resulting from the effects of heat, moisture, low pH and some microbial activity. Further degradation of the hydrolysis product, IMHP, was most likely due to microbial activity. The results obtained suggest that a managed degradation pit, containing a nutrient‐enriched organic matrix (peat moss), might provide a useful means for absorbing and neutralizing waste pesticide formulations because the materials used in this system are readily available and the system may be regenerative so that it can be used

ISSN:0031-613X    

DOI:10.1002/ps.2780250305

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe products from the methylene blue sensitised photo‐oxidation of 2‐dimethylamino‐5,6‐dimethylpyrimidin‐4‐ol (I) in deuterochloroform/deuteroacetone have been investigated. A zwitterion and a hydroperoxide are formed initially, with the zwitterion predominating. The zwitterion compound degrades or reacts in the solid state on silica gel to give furth

ISSN:0031-613X    

DOI:10.1002/ps.2780250306

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe influence of some chemical and physical factors (pH, temperature and light) on degradation (hydrolysis) and volatilisation of methyl bromide (MB) from natural fresh waters was investigated. The complexity of the processes involved in MB persistence was shown. Under static and air‐free conditions the half‐life is quite long (30‐50 days) but is decreased by an increase in pH and temperature (9‐10 days), by UV irradiation (10‐12 days) and, most of all, by exposure to air and shaking of the solution (2 h) an

ISSN:0031-613X    

DOI:10.1002/ps.2780250307

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractDegradation of grain quality during storage is mainly caused by insects and microorganisms. To protect against insects, prevailing practices usually require the application of pesticides and fumigants directly to the stored grain; long‐term storage can involve repeated applications. Direct application results in accumulation of chemical residues on the grain, especially from pesticides. A simple delivery system, in which the pesticide (chlorpyrifosmethyl) is incorporated in a biopolymer (xanthan gum), has been formulated with the objective of reducing these residues while increasing the period of effectiveness of a single application. The biopolymer‐based formulation was compared to a conventional formulation on the basis of bioassay tests and residue analysis. The biopolymer‐pesticide formulation was effective over a longer period of time and produced significantly smaller residues than the conventional emulsifiable concentrate formul

ISSN:0031-613X    

DOI:10.1002/ps.2780250308

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractFirst‐instar Earias vittella (Fab.) larvae were selected with fenvalerate and cypermethrin for 15 successive generations in the laboratory at 28(± 1)°C. The insect developed 7.8‐fold resistance to fenvalerate and no resistance to cypermethrin. The fenvalerate‐selected strain developed 2800‐fold and 1200‐fold cross‐resistance to endosulfan and carbaryl, respectively. This strain, however, did not manifest cross‐resistance to the organophosphorus insecticides, quinalphos, fenitrothion, monocrotophos and malathion, or to the synthetic pyrethroid, cypermethrin. The cypermethrin‐selected strain acquired 5‐, 4‐, and 3‐fold cross‐resistance to endosulfan, fenvalerate and carbaryl, respectively and no cross‐resistance to the above or

ISSN:0031-613X    

DOI:10.1002/ps.2780250309

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA single oral dose of 0.14 mg kg−1of [14C] flocoumafen to rat, which gave a transient, non‐lethal, effect, was rapidly absorbed, radioactivity appearing in the blood maximally at 4 h and falling to half maximum value by 8 h. The maximum effect on prothrombin time was at 24 h and the value returned to normal by 48 h. Elimination of radioactivity was very slow, with less than 0.5% of the dose in the urine up to 7 days after dosing, and 23‐26% in the faeces (more than half of which appeared in the first 24 h). Most of the administered radioactivity (74‐76%) was retained 7 days after dosing. Approximately half of the dose was in the liver; it was eliminated with a halflife of 220 days. At 48 h after dosing, most of the hepatic radioactivity comprised unchanged flocoumafen. Treatments of flocoumafen‐dosed rats with warfarin or with cytochrome P450‐inducing doses of phenobarbitone were without effect on the hepatic residue of

ISSN:0031-613X    

DOI:10.1002/ps.2780250310

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0031-613X    

DOI:10.1002/ps.2780250311

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY