摘要:

AbstractThe interactions of some organophosphorus insecticides (OPI) with carotenoids from oranges were studiedin vitro.In the initial step, 5,6‐epoxy (di‐epoxy) xanthophylls are isomerised to 5,8‐furano (di‐furano) xanthophylls. This reaction can also be brought about by hydrogen ions. Degradation products of OPI or impurities present in commercial samples may be acidic. Subsequent reactions lead to complete loss of the long wavelength chro

ISSN:0031-613X    

DOI:10.1002/ps.2780040302

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1973

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe presence of steroids, mainly of ergosterol, in the protoplasmic membrane of fungi provides a potential target for selective antifungal action. Several nonsteroidal hypocholesterolaemic agents used in human chemotherapy were tested for fungitoxicity. Most of the compounds, especially those of the phenyl‐ and phenoxyalkanecarboxylic acid type (I‐V) as well as the bis‐aminomethyl‐cyclohexane derivative (VII) revealed a moderate antifungal activity, encouraging further studies on th

ISSN:0031-613X    

DOI:10.1002/ps.2780040303

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1973

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractTwo groups of insecticides were screened against the cacao mirid,S. singularisin small‐scale field trials from September 1969 to January 1972. In first group 0.05% promecarb, 0.04% phosphamidon and 0.02% monocrotophos were equally effective and superior to 0.05% mecarbam in the three days after spraying but 0.05% promecarb was most toxic to bugs by the seventh day. In the 0.15 to 0.2% range, all four insecticides showed similar toxicity within 3 days of spraying but only 0.15% mecarbam and 0.2% promecarb maintained control to the seventh day. For mecarbam, phosphamidon and monocrotophos, control at 0.15% was better than at 0.05, 0.04 and 0.02% respectively 7 days after spray whilst 0.2% was superior to 0.05% promecarb 2 days after spray and not afterwards.At either 0.21 or 0.33 lb/acre insecticides in the second group (pirimiphos methyl, HOE 2960, CA 6900 and dicrotophos) gave identical level of control of mirids and control at the latter dosage rate was not better than at the former. There was no significant difference between 3 and 4 oz a.i./10 gal water/200 trees in toxicity to mirids and the insecticides gave equally good control of the bugs at both dosage levels till 35th day after spray. On the basis of efficacy and safety of use, promecarb CA 6900 and pirimiphos methyl were deemed suitable for further (large scale) trial

ISSN:0031-613X    

DOI:10.1002/ps.2780040304

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1973

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe relationship between the spot concentration and the resolution of different components in commercial hexachlorocyclohexane with micro‐ and macro‐thin layer chromatography has been studied. Of the different spot concentrations investigated, only 0.025 μg on micro‐t.l.c. and 1.0 μg on macro‐t.l.c. gave two clear spots which can be made use of for the rapid semiquantitative estimation of benzene hexachloride in insecticide formulations. The application of this technique has been further investigated on different commercial benzene hexachloride dust formulations and the error ranged between

ISSN:0031-613X    

DOI:10.1002/ps.2780040305

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1973

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAcylhydroxylamines have attracted general attention following the successful development of the highly‐efficient linuron group herbicides1and a search for new herbicides from among this class of compounds has led to the development of three new groups of herbicides2‐7.1O‐Acyl‐N‐carboalkoxy‐N‐arylhydroxylamines (acylates).2N‐Carbamoyl‐N‐arylhydroxylamines (e.g. meturine).3Hydroxylamino deriv

ISSN:0031-613X    

DOI:10.1002/ps.2780040306

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1973

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe results of a study into the persistence of triphenyltin (=fentin) acetate in soil are presented. The fungicide is degraded biologically 50% being decomposed in 140 days. The photochemical degradation of fentin acetate into inorganic tin via diphenyltin and monophenyltin compounds also is demonstrated. The leaching of fentin acetate in soil and its effect on soil nitrification is discussed.

ISSN:0031-613X    

DOI:10.1002/ps.2780040307

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1973

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA method is described for routine determination of residues in soil of 5,6‐dichloro‐2‐trifluoromethylbenzimidazole, the major product formed in soil from the acaricide fenazaflor. The residue is extracted from moistened soil with acidified aqueous methanol. After clean‐up by partition the residue is determined by g.l.c. with electron capture detection.Details are presented of the investigations which led to the adoption of this procedure in preference to other var

ISSN:0031-613X    

DOI:10.1002/ps.2780040308

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1973

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractSpraying programmes for apple scab and mildew control sometimes had residual effects for one or even two years. Thus, benomyl (0.025% a.i.) and pyridinitril (0.035% a.i.) drastically reduced the subsequent incidence of cankers caused byNectria galligenaon young wood. Apple scab fruit infection, caused byVenturia inaequalis, was also less on trees on which benomyl had been used in the previous season. In the bark of such trees, toxic residues equivalent to 1 to 4 μg benomyl/g fresh wt. were detected by bioassay 7 months after spraying

ISSN:0031-613X    

DOI:10.1002/ps.2780040309

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1973

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe insecticidal activity of dimethyl and diethyl forms of parathion, carbophenothion, bromophos and azinphos on glass surfaces and in soil was assessed by bioassay with adult vestigial wingedDrosophila melanogaster(Meig.). Both on glass and in soil there were large differences in the initial toxicities of the four different pairs of insecticides, but little difference between diethyl and dimethyl forms of each compound. In soil, toxicity was influenced greatly by soil type and moisture content, decreasing in the order moist sand = dry sand>moist clay‐loam>dry clay‐loam>dry peat>moist peat. Some of these effects may have been caused by differences in the behaviour of insects confined with moist or dry treated soils.In sterilised or unsterilised moist clay‐loam, diethyl forms of three of the four compounds remained toxic longer than their dimethyl counterparts. Possibly such differences could account for the greater effectiveness of certain diethyl compounds in field control of soil insect

ISSN:0031-613X    

DOI:10.1002/ps.2780040310

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1973

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe systemic fungicides thiophanate‐methyl (TPM) and thiophanate (TPE) were transformed in aqueous solutions on glass by irradiation with u.v. and sunlight to the more effective fungitoxic substances methyl benzimidazol‐2‐yl carbamate (MBC) and ethyl benzimidazol‐2‐yl carbamate (EBC), respectively.The thiophanate fungicides were not converted when incubated in the dark. The photochemical transformation of TPM and TPE to the corresponding alkyl benzimidazol‐2‐yl carbamates increased with the exposure time of u.v. irradiation.However, no light catalysed reactions occurred when both fungicides were irradiated with u.v. light in the solid state. The residue of TPM and TPE on leaves of cotton plants following spray application were transformed by the energy of sunlight to the more fungitoxi

ISSN:0031-613X    

DOI:10.1002/ps.2780040311

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1973

数据来源: WILEY