摘要:

AbstractShikimate dehydrogenase (E.C. 1.1.1.25) is found in plants but not in animals and is therefore an attractive target for a new herbicide. A series of 1,6‐dihydroxy‐2‐oxoisonicotinic acid derivatives was prepared and shown to inhibit the enzyme reversibly. Weak active‐site directed irreversible inhibitors based on these compounds were also synthesised but none was her

ISSN:0031-613X    

DOI:10.1002/ps.2780030202

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractSurfactants are used to increase the efficiency of herbicide formulations mainly because they wet out leaf surfaces, thereby stabilising and increasing the contact area of droplets on the surface. Herbicide penetration through the cuticle may also be facilitated.The work described eliminates effects on wetting and contact area in order to study the effect of surfactants on the penetration and movement of paraquat in cocksfoot. Surfactants were various types of alcohols and amine oxides condensed with 2 to 30 moles of ethylene oxide used at 0.1 to 0.5%. An adult leaf of cocksfoot (Dactylis glomerata) was immersed briefly to constant area in paraquat solutions containing surfactant and uptake and movement of paraquat is recorded.Uptake was little affected by differences in surfactant structure except where surface activity was low and solutions failed to wet out the leaf surface. Percentage movement with 0.5% surfactant was often less than that with 0.1% and a high ethylene oxide content also reduced percentage movement. Paraquat activity was influenced by both the degree of uptake and movement, but movement was the greater influence.Amine oxide surfactants reduced movement less than those based on alcohols. The action of surfactants is discussed in terms of a hydrophobic/hydrophilic balance in the surfactant molecule.

ISSN:0031-613X    

DOI:10.1002/ps.2780030203

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract“Lissapol” NX and “Lubrol” L, used to improve the uptake of paraquat into plants were found in earlier work to reduce its movement. Several series of surfactants with widely varying solubilities in water were partitioned between cabbage wax and water. A marked correlation was found between the effect of surfactants on the movement of paraquat and the amount of surfactant partitioning into the wax.It is concluded that although surfactants increase the uptake of paraquat into leaves, this increase is offset by reduced movement following penetration of surfactants into leaf tissue. Surfactant partition into wax reduces the degree of penetration, but there is no evidence how surfactants in leaf tissue reduce m

ISSN:0031-613X    

DOI:10.1002/ps.2780030204

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe concentrations of atrazine in the shoots of wheat plants growing in 12 different soils were directly proportional to the soil solution concentrations of herbicide estimated from slurry adsorption measurements. There was a marked discrepancy between the total uptake of herbicide and the amount theoretically supplied by mass‐flow in response to transpiration. This discrepancy was less when plants were grown in nutrient solutions. In an experiment with one soil only, the half‐life of atrazine was 22 days and when the solution concentration in this soil was corrected for this change, a much closer prediction of atrazine uptake could be obtained. The ways in which interactions between adsorption, breakdown and transpiration rates may affect herbicide toxicity under field conditions are discus

ISSN:0031-613X    

DOI:10.1002/ps.2780030205

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractCarboxin was toxic to the fungusDeuterophoma tracheiphila.Uptake and translocation of carboxin (2,3‐dihydro‐6‐methyl‐5‐phenylcarbamoyl‐1,4‐oxathiin) in lemon seedlings were assessed in plant extracts by a bioassay technique. Root uptake and translocation to stem and leaves were demonstrated from both an aqueous solution and drenched soil. Leaf uptake was lower than root uptake, and could be enhanced by removing the epicuticular wax. Chromatographic tests suggested that the compound responsible for fungitoxicity within plant tissues may have been ca

ISSN:0031-613X    

DOI:10.1002/ps.2780030206

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe screening of 30 substituted 1‐hydroxyimidazoles as herbicides, anthelmintics, insecticides, bacteriostats, fungicides, coccidiostats and nematocides disclosed a broad spectrum of biological activity in all but two compounds. The most pesticidally active imidazoles carried an interdiazal benzenoid or heterocyclic aromatic ring substituent with a phenolic or potentially phenolic group attached theret

ISSN:0031-613X    

DOI:10.1002/ps.2780030207

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe cruciferArabidopsis thalianahas been developed as a convenient screening plant to detect synthetic plant growth regulating substances. The plants are grown on nutrient agar in which the compounds to be screened are incorporated. The plants have been shown to exhibit a wide variety of responses to known plant growth regulators, which were not only qualitatively apparent, but could be quantitatively assessed. The rapid growth, small size and uniformity of the plants enables any changes in their lifecycle, from germination through growth, flowering and senescence, to be observed.

ISSN:0031-613X    

DOI:10.1002/ps.2780030208

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractOver the period 1968/70 147 samples of raspberries and 124 samples of strawberries were analysed for organochlorine insecticide residues. DDT was found in 30% of the samples but only one sample contained as much as 1.4 parts/million. No residues were detected in the raspberries during the last year of the survey which coincided with the discontinued use of DDT on this crop. 184 of the above samples were also analysed for residues of organophosphorus insecticides and the fungicide dichlofluanid. Malathion was found in one sample of raspberries. Approximately 40% of the strawberries contained detectable amounts of dichlofluanid and its metabolite with combined residues ranging from 0.1 to 7.5 parts/million. Only two samples of raspberries contained residues of either dichlofluanid or its metabolite. It is considered that the residues of these various pesticides should not present a hazard to consumers.

ISSN:0031-613X    

DOI:10.1002/ps.2780030209

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractEstimation of dieldrin in cured tobacco using published methods of clean‐up followed by electron‐capture g.l.c., suffers from serious interferences. Such interference can be eliminated by Storherr sweep codistillation and t.l.c. on alumina. The limit of detection is 0.01 part/mill

ISSN:0031-613X    

DOI:10.1002/ps.2780030210

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA microcoulometric method is described for the direct determination of nanogram amounts of methomyl (S‐methyl‐N‐[(methylcarbamoyl)‐oxy]thioacetimidate). An all‐glass gas chromatographic system coupled to a microcoulometer with a nitrogen‐specific cell was used. The column was packed with a mixture of 6% OV210 and 4% OV101 on Gas Chrom Q, as was the glass transfer tube which connected the chromatographic column to the pyrolysis furnace. Some loss occurred but response was linear from 125 to 20 ng and sensitivity was such that 20 ng of methomyl could be readi

ISSN:0031-613X    

DOI:10.1002/ps.2780030211

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY