摘要:

AbstractThe synthesis ofo‐ andp‐cyclohexyphenyl phosphorodichloridates and dichloridophosphorothioates and their conversion into the corresponding dimethyl phosphates, phosphorodihydrazides, and phosphorodihydrazones, is discussed.o‐ andp‐CyclohexylphenylN‐phenylphosphoramidic chlorides were converted to the hydrazide and theO‐methyl ester. The phosphorodichloridates were converted to the dihydrogen phosphates, but the dichloridophosphorothioates could not be hydrolysed in an analogous manner. Structure‐activity relationships have been briefly discussed; the most active compound waso‐cyclohexylphenylO‐methyl phosphoroisoprop

ISSN:0031-613X    

DOI:10.1002/ps.2780050602

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractInterfacial tensions of aqueous solutions of the sodium salts of benzoic acid, and of its 2‐chloro‐, 3‐chloro‐, 4‐chloro‐, 2,6‐dichloro‐, 3,5‐dichloro‐, 2,4‐dichloro‐, 3,4‐dichloro‐, and 2,3,6‐trichloro‐ substituted derivatives and also of cyclohexane‐carboxylic acid were determined over a range of concentrations at 25 °C by the drop‐volume method. Dissociation constants were determined, for those acids where literature values were not available, by a spectrophotometric technique.The Gibbs adsorption isotherm was used to calculate surface excess data from the interfacial tension results, assuming that the adsorbed species were (a) the sodium salts of the acids and (b) the undissociated acids. For all the benzoic acids examined, but not for cyclohexane‐carboxylic acid, the surface excess attained a constant maximum value at the higher concentrations of the sodium salts used. A comparison of the areas/molecule, calculated from the surface excess values for saturated surface layers, with molecular areas estimated from Catalin molecular models, indicates that only the undissociated acid is adsorbed, the plane of the aromatic ring being approximately normal to the plane of the interface.By making the reasonable assumption that the bulk of the surface excess is contained in a monolayer at the alkane/water interface, values of the standard free energy of adsorption have been calculated. The invariance of these values with changing concentrations in the bulk phase has provided corroborative evidence for the adsorption of the undissociated acid and not the sodium salt at the interface.The relative lipophilic surface affinities depend upon the number and position of the substituted chlorine atoms. Substitution of chlorine in the 2‐position confers greatest affinity for a surface lipophilic site while substitution in the 4‐position confers the least.By calculating the relative mole fractions of the undissociated acid molecules at the alkane/water interface for solutions of the same salt concentration and bulk pH it has been shown that the rates of penetration of benzoic acid‐type herbicides into leaf discs ofPhaseolus vulgarisin the dark are related to the mole fraction of the undissociated acids at the lipophilic leaf surface/water interface.There is also some correlation between the plant growth‐regulating activities of the acids and the standard free energies of adsorption at the alkane/water interface, suggesting that adsorption onto a lipophilic site of action may be important

ISSN:0031-613X    

DOI:10.1002/ps.2780050603

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractCockroaches have considerable importance as vectors of disease. In tropical areas, large populations ofPeriplaneta americanamay be found in sewers and the refuse chutes of large apartment blocks. These cockroach populations are not accessible to residual insecticide treatment with sprays but may be controlled with thermal fogs of pyrethroids. An experiment on the use of bioresmethrin (5‐benzyI‐3‐furyimethyl‐(+)‐transchrysanthemate) as 0.15% and 0.25% w/v solutions with equal amounts of synergist in kerosene discharged from a TIFA fog generator was made at Toa Payoh in Singapore. Effective control was obtained with 0.15% bioresmethrin plus 0.55% piperonyl butoxide in kerosene blown into the sewers and waste chutes initially, at four weeks, at eight weeks later and then followed by treatment every t

ISSN:0031-613X    

DOI:10.1002/ps.2780050604

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAs some chlorophenols present in wood shavings have been shown to be microbiologically methylated to form anisoles, which have caused taint in broiler chickens, the anisoles from a number of phenols used in formulations of broiler house disinfectants were prepared. The sensory properties of these compounds were investigated in order to determine their potential for producing taint. None of these anisoles were found to be likely to cause taint if formed within the broiler house.

ISSN:0031-613X    

DOI:10.1002/ps.2780050605

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractTwenty‐two substituted 2‐ and 4‐ cyclopentylphenois were prepared and tested against apple powdery mildew, highest activity being shown by 2‐cyclopentyl‐6‐iodo‐4‐nitrophenol. The cyclopentyl compounds were only marginally superior to the corresponding cyclo

ISSN:0031-613X    

DOI:10.1002/ps.2780050606

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe effect of the herbicides simazine (2)‐chloro‐4,6‐bis (ethylamino)‐s‐triazine, ioxynil (4‐hydroxy‐3,5‐diiodobenzonitrile) and 2,3,6‐TBA(2, 3,6‐trichlorobenzoic acid) on microbial activity and available plant nutrient content of an acid and an alkaline soil during an incubation period of six weeks under aerobic conditions has been studied in comparison with untreated soils. The herbicides were incorporated with the soils at normal application rates. At intervals determinations were made of carbon dioxide liberated, the content of ammonium and nitrate nitrogen and of available mineral plant nutrient elements. These quantities were not significantly influenced by the presence of 2,3,6‐TBA :simazine stimulated microbial activity and ioxynil did so after an initial period of suppression. Both simazine and ioxynil retarded nitrification in the alkaline soil but increased it in the acid soil, attributed in part to stimulation of heterotrophic organisms. Biological oxidation of manganese was retarded by ioxynil but stimulated by simazine. Changes in the availability of some other plant nutrient ele

ISSN:0031-613X    

DOI:10.1002/ps.2780050607

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe degradation of triphenyltin chloride on the leaves of sugar beet proceeds via di‐ and mono‐phenyltin compounds to inorganic tin(IV). This degradation scheme has also been observed in rats, as the same metabolites were found in urine and faeces of these animals. After a single application of triphenyltin chloride, more than 90% of the tin given is excreted within one week (approx. 88% with the faeces and approx. 3% with the urine). The experiments were performed with radioactive (C6H5)3113S

ISSN:0031-613X    

DOI:10.1002/ps.2780050608

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractPyrimithate (2‐dimethylamino‐6‐methylpyrimidin‐4‐yl diethyl phosphorothio‐nate) decomposes when exposed to u.v. light in the presence of air to a complex mixture of products, some of which inhibit esterases directly or indirectly. Separation of the mixture by thin‐layer and liquid chromatography gave five pure components in sufficient quantity for spectroscopic identification. A sixth was tentatively identified. The structures (II‐VII) show that oxidative attack occurs at the dimethylamino group and at t

ISSN:0031-613X    

DOI:10.1002/ps.2780050609

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractInvestigations have been carried out on residues of linuron and its breakdown products in carrots sprayed with Jinuron at 1, 2, or 4 kg a.i./ha, 0, 19, 28, 36 or 60 days after sowing (up to 57 days before harvesting). The extracted residues were separated into three fractions by liquid‐liquid partitioning: (a) linuron, (b) 3‐(3,4‐dichlorophenyi)‐l‐methoxyurea, 3‐(3,4‐dichlorophenyl)‐l‐methylurea, 3,4‐di‐chlorophenylurea and (c) 3,4‐dichloroaniline. The compounds in each fraction were hydrolysed and the iodine derivative 1,2‐dichloro‐4‐iodobenzene was formed by a Sandmeyer reaction between 3,4‐dichloroaniline and iodide ion, followed by gas chromatography with electron capture detector. Only 5‐13% of the extract‐able residues were breakdown products. Most of the detectable residue (87‐95%) was identified as linuron. The relative proportions of linuron and breakdown products in carrots at the time of harvest were not affected by the time of spraying or the i

ISSN:0031-613X    

DOI:10.1002/ps.2780050610

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractFive juvenile hormone analogues (JHAs) were tested by topical application to prepupae of a susceptible (S) and 8 insecticide‐resistant (R) strains of the housefly. Activity was measured by the inability to completely emerge from the puparium. Aitosid (isopropyl 11‐methoxy‐3,7,1l‐trimethyldodeca‐2,4‐dienoate) was the most active compound against the S strain (ED500.0033 μg/prepupa) followed by Ro 7‐9767 [6,7‐epoxy‐3,7‐diethyl‐(3,4‐(methylenedioxy)phenoxy)‐2‐cis/trans‐octene], R‐20458[transl‐(4‐ethylphenoxy)‐6,7‐epoxy‐3,7‐dimethyl‐2‐octene], sesamex, and NIA 23509 (10,11 ‐epoxy‐N‐ethyl‐3,7,11‐trimethyI‐2,6‐dodecadienamide).The R strains, designated by the name of the selecting insecticide, have been under pressure for over 10 years and are considered maximally resistant. The dimethoate‐R and OMS‐15‐R (carbamate‐resistant) strains exhibited high levels of cross resistance to all JHAs often exceeding 100x at the ED95The fenthion‐R strain showed high cross resistance toward all JHAs except Altosid, toward which it manifested an intermediate level (17.5x). The DDT/lindane‐R demonstrated only negligible tolerance to Aitosid but an intermediate response to all the other JHAs. The OMS‐12‐R strain (phosphoramidothioate‐R) exhibited intermediate to high levels of cross resistance toward all JHAs, whereas the parathion‐R, Chlorthion‐R and a multi‐resistant field‐collected strain showed only low to intermediate levels of cross resistance. On the basis of known degradative mechanisms of the OMS‐1

ISSN:0031-613X    

DOI:10.1002/ps.2780050611

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY