摘要:

AbstractThis introductory paper to the Rutgers Symposium outlines the background of the development of resistance to insecticides and discusses various aspects of the problem in the context of modern agrochemical practice. Resistance can only be countered by properly mounted management programmes, but the successful design and implementation of these requires a thorough understanding of the fundamental processes involved, and the importance of continuing research into these is stressed.

ISSN:0031-613X    

DOI:10.1002/ps.2780260402

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe past 40 years have seen insect resistance to insecticides develop from a scientific curiosity to an immense practical problem that threatens man's ability to control not only the insect pests of agriculture but also the insect vectors that transmit major human and animal diseases. The spread of genes for cross and multiple resistance among insect pests has rendered most of our present insecticides obsolescent and very few novel insecticides are under development as substitutes. The most feasible strategy to maintain adequate control of insect pests is integrated pest management or I P M, in which insecticide management is a useful component. However, much of our present planning for the future of insect control is carried out in ignorance of past failures. We must learn from the past if we are to retain the use of chemical insecticides as a viable component of IPM.

ISSN:0031-613X    

DOI:10.1002/ps.2780260403

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractRecent advances in molecular neurobiology have provided an unprecedented insight into the structure and function of the three principal target sites for neurotoxic insecticides: acetylcholinesterase, the 4‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor–chloride ionophore complex, and the voltage‐sensitive sodium channel. This paper reviews some of these advances and their current or potential application to problems in insecticide resistance. It particularly emphasizes studies of the molecular biology of voltage‐dependent sodium channels in the context of resistance to DDT and pyrethroids resulting from reduced neuronal sens

ISSN:0031-613X    

DOI:10.1002/ps.2780260404

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis review of our work on resistance in Myzus persicae over the past 20 years is divided into three sections. After a brief introduction, the biochemistry of the resistance mechanism is discussed, followed by a description of how the understanding of this has been used to develop sensitive and reliable methods for monitoring resistance in field populations. Finally, recent work on the molecular genetic basis of the resistance mechanism is described, and its practical implications for understanding the build‐up of resistance in populations are discusse

ISSN:0031-613X    

DOI:10.1002/ps.2780260405

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAlthough behavioral resistance remains enigmatic, an examination of the literature firmly supports the existence of behavioral resistance in both the presence and absence of the better understood and accepted physiological and biochemical mechanisms. Studies of pyrethroid resistance in the horn fly and the tobacco budworm have identified several resistance mechanisms, including behavioral adaptations, in addition to target‐site insensitivity and enhanced detoxification. The coexistence of physiological and behavioral responses neither precludes a common mechanism nor requires one. Even if a common mechanism such as knockdown resistance or enhanced detoxification is involved, this does not negate the survival benefit of either avoiding the toxicant or reducing movement to avoid exposure. Thus, behavioral resistance may be much more ubiquitous and important than previous interpretation of the literature suggest

ISSN:0031-613X    

DOI:10.1002/ps.2780260406

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractNationwide Insecticide Resistance Management (IRM) strategies against cotton pests in Zimbabwe, Egypt and Australia to delay build‐up of resistance to insecticides, especially the synthetic pyrethroids (SPs), are critically reviewed. It is concluded that there is a very urgent need to identify key determinants of selection for resistance by both laboratory simulation and field tests to improve knowledge of operational tactics. More reliable and rapid assays to detect resistance and a better understanding of the population dynamics of cotton pests are also needed to assess and predict rapidly and accurately the response of pest populations to countermeasures. Without such research, existing IRM strategies will remain essentially akin to models of population genetics in which scientific input has been replaced by common sense and intuitio

ISSN:0031-613X    

DOI:10.1002/ps.2780260407

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe increasing costs of insect control technology and crop production make it imperative that we clearly understand and attempt to manage insecticide resistance. The cost‐effectiveness of the synthetic pyrethroids for controlling Heliothisspp. and recent reports of resistance in major cotton producing regions around the world underscore this situation. Since 1983, a number of government, university and industry‐based programs have been initiated to monitor the spread of pyrethroid resistance inHeliothis spp. and to manage the use of the pyrethroids. In the US, four major efforts were conducted during 1987 and 1988. These were: (1) a Texas state‐wide management program, (2) a tri‐state management program in the mid‐south, (3) an adult monitoring program conducted by university personnel throughout the cotton belt and (4) an inter‐company monitoring program conducted by PEG‐US. These programs will be reviewed along with recommendations for refining future monitoring and manag

ISSN:0031-613X    

DOI:10.1002/ps.2780260408

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA list of often‐discussed resistance management tactics is critically reviewed. Alteration of insecticides across generations, non‐persistent formulations, and the use of pesticides conferring only low magnitudes of resistance seem to be among the most promising tactics for general use in resistance management. Justifying the first two choices usually requires little more than data on product persistence in terms of toxic effect on susceptible individuals under field conditions. The last tactic requires additional information on resistance ratios for resistant and susceptible genotypes under field exposure. The efficacy of pesticide mixtures is highly dependent on equal persistence of both compounds used in the mixture. The number of genes involved in resistance and the fitness disadvantages they may confer in the absence of use appear to be of relatively little significance in choosing management tact

ISSN:0031-613X    

DOI:10.1002/ps.2780260409

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0031-613X    

DOI:10.1002/ps.2780260401

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY