摘要:

AbstractThe hydrolysis of cyanazineCyanazine is the proposed common name for the herbicide sold under the Shell registered trade name BLADEX.(2‐chloro‐4‐cyanoisopropylamino‐6‐ethylamino‐1,3,5‐triazine) has been studied using14C‐ring labelled compound over a temperature range of 25° to 75 °C and over a range of pH values from 1.5 to 12. The activation energies and the activation entropy changes during hydrolysis showed there was a different mechanism under acid and alkaline conditions. The only product identified after hydrolysis in acid solutions was 2‐hydroxy‐4‐carboxyisopropylamino‐6‐ethylamino‐1,3,5‐triazine. In alkaline solution the same hydroxy‐acid was the end‐product, but 2‐chloro‐4‐amidoisopropylamino‐6‐ethylamino‐1,3,5‐triazine was isolated as an intermediate.The variation of the specific rate constants with temperature for hydrolytic catalysis by H+, OH−was determined, thus enabling the hydrolytic half‐life of

ISSN:0031-613X    

DOI:10.1002/ps.2780030602

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0031-613X    

DOI:10.1002/ps.2780030603

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe use of a cationic exchange resin column for the analysis of total acid equivalence of sodium salt pesticides of technical grade gives results suitable for use in quality control. The method is rapid, convenient and safe and has been applied successfully to sodium trichloroacetate, 2,4‐D‐sodium, dalapon‐sodium, chlorfenac‐sodium and particularly sodium fluoroacetate. The method is accurate providing that the range and type of interference ar

ISSN:0031-613X    

DOI:10.1002/ps.2780030604

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractMethods are described for the determination of nitroxynil (4‐cyano‐2‐iodo‐6‐nitrophenol) in milk and dairy products. The final estimation is made by direct current pol

ISSN:0031-613X    

DOI:10.1002/ps.2780030605

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe molluscicideN‐tritylmorpholine (FRESCON,FRESCON is a Shell trade mark.trifenmorph) is used for the control of the intermediate snail hosts of fascioliasis in livestock. Laboratory and field studies have been undertaken to establish the fate of the compound following its use on pasture.Radiochemical techniques have been used under laboratory conditions to identify the potential degradation products. The major one has been shown to be triphenylcarbinol.Triphenylcarbinol was detected on pastures treated at 0.4 to 0.5 kg/ha under practical conditions but the residues of it and of the parent molluscicide were generally below 0.3 mg/kg within 8 weeks of the application. On the pasture grass half of the initial deposit ofN‐tritylmorpholine was lost within 1 to 3 weeks and on soils it was lost within 1 to 4 weeks.Residues could not be detected in the tissues of sheep feeding on the treated pasture. Whilst small residues (0.023 mg/kg or less) were detected in the milk of some cows feeding on the pasture soon after application they were absent (below 0.002 mg/kg) in the milk at 10 days or more from treatm

ISSN:0031-613X    

DOI:10.1002/ps.2780030606

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractRemoval of waxes from the upper pear leaf cuticle by chloroform extraction greatly increased sorption of naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) into the cuticle. Penetration of NAA through isolated upper pear leaf cuticle was likewise increased following wax removal by chloroform extraction. Plating pear leaf wax back onto dewaxed cuticle surfaces reduced sorption and penetration.

ISSN:0031-613X    

DOI:10.1002/ps.2780030607

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIn an attempt to simulate conditions when Quelea birds are sprayed with avicide at night while they are in flight, captive birds were sprayed with red dye as they flew down a dark tunnel. The distribution of dye on the birds' plumage showed that the spray makes contact with the front of the head, the upper breast, and the flight feathers of the wing; very little reaches any other part of the body. Large droplets (180 to 250 μm) were much more effective than small droplets (30 to 75 μm) at hitting the flying bird, presumably because the latter were carried over the body surfaces by the airstrea

ISSN:0031-613X    

DOI:10.1002/ps.2780030608

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe adsorption of some plant growth regulating compounds onto lecithin and equimolar lecithin/cholesterol vesicles and the effect of these substances on the rate of chloride/nitrate and sodium/potassium ion exchange across the vesicular membranes have been examined.On comparing the binding of 2,4‐D, 2,6‐D, 2,4,5‐T and IAA to lecithin vesicles in solution at various pH values it is found that the unionised form of these acids is bound very much more strongly than the ionised form. Compounds having relatively low oil/water partition coefficients such as 2,4‐D, 2,6‐D and 2,4,5‐T are adsorbed onto vesicles, from solutions containing equimolar equilibrium concentrations of the unionised molecules, to markedly different extents (depending on the structure of the lipophilic portion of these molecules). Where the oil/water partition coefficient is higher, as for 2,4‐dichlorophenol and 2‐(2,4‐dichlorophenoxy)ethanol, binding to vesicles may also arise due to non‐specific solution within the hydrocarbon region of the lipid bilayers. The affinity of these compounds for lecithin has also been assessed by noting the extent to which the inclusion of lecithin in the oil phase increases the oil/water partition coefficient. This has shown that affinity for lecithin depends on the structure of both the lipophilic and hydrophilic portions of the molecule.Only the unionised form of the compounds examined had any large effect on ion flux across the vesicle membranes. Significant increases in the rate of chloride/nitrate exchange were obtained on introducing quite high concentrations (0.015 to 1.5 mM) of the compounds 2,4‐D, 2,6‐D, 2,4,5‐T, IAA, and 2,4‐dichlorophenol, but not 2,4‐dichlorophenoxyethanol, to suspensions of lecithin vesicles. Similar flux increases were observed with lecithin/cholesterol vesicles except that more pronounced effects on flux were obtained on adding 2,4‐dichlorophenol and 2,4‐dichlorophenoxyethanol. In contrast 2,4‐D, 2,6‐D, 2,4‐dichlorophenol and IAA had no significant effect on the rate of Na+/K+ion exchange across lecithin vesicles although increases were observed with equimolar lecithin/cholesterol vesicles.Interpretations of these phenomena are suggested and their relevance to plant growth substance effect

ISSN:0031-613X    

DOI:10.1002/ps.2780030609

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe report describes an automatic apparatus for determining the crystallisation temperature of liquid pesticide formulations. The results obtained correspond to those obtained by the traditional method of WHO.

ISSN:0031-613X    

DOI:10.1002/ps.2780030610

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA series of benzodioxolyl carbamates has been prepared and evaluated in the laboratory for insecticidal activity against a range of ten species. The results indicated that this was optimal with the 4‐benzodioxolyl carbamates with a 2,2‐dialkyl substitution. The most promising of these on the basis of cost‐effectiveness was 2,2‐dimethyl‐1,3‐benzodioxol‐4‐yl methylcarbamate, bendiocarb, which is being developed commercially for the control of

ISSN:0031-613X    

DOI:10.1002/ps.2780030611

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY