ISSN:0269-9370    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1990

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0269-9370    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1990

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0269-9370    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1990

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

We evaluated the applicability and performance of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in a clinical setting in two independent studies. In a study of its applicability, the specificity and sensitivity of PCR for detection of HIV DNA were 100% (225 out of 225 seronegative, low-risk individuals tested negative) and 94% (67 out of 71 seropositive individuals tested positive), respectively. In a second study evaluating the performance of PCR, seven out of 474 (1.5%) antibody-negative specimens were found to be positive, 149 out of 151 (99%) antibody-positive specimens were positive, and 12 out of 13 (92%) antibody-indeterminate specimens were negative for HIV DNA. The results from these studies show that PCR in a clinical environment is specific and sensitive. PCR is also useful in the detection of HIV infection in the absence of HIV-specific antibody and the resolution of equivocal antibody results.

ISSN:0269-9370    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1990

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The presence of HIV-1 DNA sequences in DNA from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) was investigated in a two-stage polymerase chain reaction ('double' PCR) using four sets of nested primers. The PBMCs tested were obtained from 46 children born to HIV-seropositive mothers, seven 'control' children born to HIV-seronegative mothers and seropositive fathers, and 45 healthy adult blood donors who were HIV seronegative. Nine of the children had symptomatic HIV infection and other laboratory features characteristic of HIV infection: all nine were PCR-positive with each set of primers in each of their 22 blood samples tested. The remaining 44 children had no clinical or laboratory evidence of HIV infection, and each of their 50 samples was PCR-negative with each set of primers, as were all blood donor samples. PCR-positive samples were tested in more detail using two of the sets of primers, which spanned hypervariable regions in the env gene. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of DNA amplified from these regions yielded patterns of amplified DNA length variation which were characteristic for each child, and which changed little with time (in serial samples obtained over periods of 3–7 months). This excluded contamination as a cause of PCR positivity. This is the first report of the use of a double PCR for the diagnosis of HIV infection. The results demonstrate the specificity of this PCR method in diagnosis, with failure to reveal in this cohort any cases of vertically transmitted HIV-1 infection in addition to those already confirmed by conventional laboratory techniques.

ISSN:0269-9370    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1990

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The measurement of cell-mediated immunity against the etiologic agent of human AIDS (HIV) in the non-human primate model of AIDS (simian immunodeficiency virus, SIV) has been difficult. In general, culture of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from HIV-1− and SIV-infected humans and monkeys, respectively, with purified inactivated HIV and SIV virus preparations has given inconsistent or negative proliferative responses. However, we describe herein an assay which consists of coculturing monocytes that have been pulsed with inactivated SIVsmmwith nylon-wool-purified autologous T cells, leading to antigen-specific T-cell proliferation. The proliferative response, which predominantly occurs in CD4+ T cells, is major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II-restricted and requires antigen processing. This assay will greatly facilitate the identification of the immunodominant epitopes recognized by T cells in sooty mangabeys, which are naturally infected but remain clinically asymptomatic, and in rhesus macaques, in which experimental infection leads to clinical symptomatology similar to human AIDS, eventually resulting in death.

ISSN:0269-9370    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1990

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Studies evaluating cell fusion by HIV indicate that optimal conditions for measuring this biological process involve the use of appropriate numbers of cells, the expression of HIV gp120 in infected cells, the presence of the CD4 protein on the surface of uninfected cells, and sugar moieties. Cellular metabolism and nucleic acid synthesis as measured by DNA, RNA and protein synthesis are not required. Proteolytic enzymes eliminate virus fusion only when the uninfected cells involved in the process are treated. Since the CD4 protein remains on the surface of the treated cells, the structure of this receptor must be changed sufficiently so that it cannot participate in the fusion process. Alternatively, the results may indicate the elimination by trypsin of a specific fusion receptor.

ISSN:0269-9370    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1990

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Secretory immunoglobulin A (slgA) antibodies of non-maternal origin are present in newborns and slgA to HIV-1 antigens has been detected in infected adults. In this study we investigated the presence of HIV-1-specific IgA in saliva from 41 children (aged 1 day–46 months) born to women at risk for HIV-1 infection. Saliva samples were assayed for HIV-1 antibodies with IgA-specific Western blot. The samples from 10 out of 11 children with subsequently proven infection, including one aged 6 months, demonstrated IgA antibodies to HIV-1 envelope antigens. Samples from infants under 15 months, who were born to infected mothers and subsequently shown to be uninfected, were slgA negative. Of the 12 children with continued indeterminate HIV-1 status, eight showed neither slgA nor serologic evidence of infection and four showed slgA antibodies. HIV-1-specific slgA was detectable before the age of 15 months and may prove to be valuable in the diagnosis of HIV-1 infection in infants.

ISSN:0269-9370    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1990

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Six AIDS patients with progressive cytomegalovirus (CMV) polyradiculomyelitis were treated with ganciclovir in an open study. The diagnosis was based on the presence of a distinct clinical syndrome with progressive flaccid paraparesis, preserved proprioception and urinary retention with specific cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) findings. Ganciclovir therapy, 5–10 mg/kg per day, instituted 3–6.5 weeks after onset of symptoms, was ineffective in four patients with severe paraparesis. One patient developed CMV polyradiculomyelitis while receiving ganciclovir and further deteriorated during foscarnet therapy. One patient however, showing minor paresis of one leg, improved after institution of ganciclovir therapy 1 week after onset of symptoms. It is concluded that a presumptive diagnosis of CMV polyradiculomyelitis can be made on the basis of distinct clinical findings and CSF pleocytosis with predominance of polymorphonuclear leukocytes in patients with AIDS. Ganciclovir therapy does not appear to be beneficial for patients with advanced paresis in the doses used. Further investigations are needed in order to determine if early intervention with ganciclovir, when paresis is mild, or higher doses in advanced paresis, might be of some benefit.

ISSN:0269-9370    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1990

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

We examinedin vitrothe effect of high, but clinically achievable and non-toxic, concentrations of 2‘-deoxycytidine (dCyd) (≥100 μmol/l) on the metabolism and cytotoxicity of 2’,3‘-dideoxycytidine (DDC) in normal human bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMMCs) and a cultured T-lymphocyte (HUT-102) cell line. Colony formation in semi-solid medium by bone marrow progenitor cells (CFU-GM and CFU-GEMM) was significantly protected by dCyd against the cytotoxic effects of high doses of DDC. In contrast, in HIV-infected HUT-102 cells, anti-HIV effect of DDC (10 μmol/l) was preserved in the presence of 100 μmol/l dCyd but partially reversed by higher levels of dCyd. dCyd reduced the generation of DDC triphosphate (DDC-TP) relative to dCyd triphosphate (dCTP) pools to a significantly greater extent in BMMCs versus HUT-102 cells. This might explain dCyd-mediated abrogation of DDC cytotoxicity against marrow progenitor cells with relative preservation of its anti-HIV-1 activity in HUT-102 cells.

ISSN:0269-9370    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1990

数据来源: OVID