摘要:

AbstractAn examination of the relation between authoritarianism and conservatism is made using newly developed balanced forms of the ‘D’ and ‘F’ scales together with scales to measure political, social, moral and economic conservatism. Neither ‘BD’ nor ‘BF’ scales predicted voting preference. The ‘BD’ scale was significantly, positively related to the political, social and moral conservatism scales but was non‐significantly, negatively related to economic conservatism. It was concluded that both the ‘BD’ and ‘BF’ scales are equally good measures of general authoritarianism among supporters of Australian political parties and that while it is in general true that dogmatic people tend to be ideologically conservative, an exception must be made for economic conservatism. This exception is seen to be inferable from the theory of ‘working class authoritaria

ISSN:0046-2772    

DOI:10.1002/ejsp.2420030302

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1973

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractInvestigating stereotypes associated with world powers, 28 men and 28 women at a British university rated 24 world powers using the semantic differential. Significance tests show the relationship of the powers to concepts assumed to measure the Evaluative, Potency, and Activity factors. Three‐dimensional models show the relative positioning by men and by women. Results indicate (1) general agreement between men and women; (2) superpowers close to BAD and STRONG; (3) countries associated with war and strife closer to BAD, WEAK, and PASSIVE. Comparisons were made with an American sample. The need for doing further stereotype studies over time was stresse

ISSN:0046-2772    

DOI:10.1002/ejsp.2420030303

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1973

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe perception of other people is shown to require a different set of scientific assumptions than that used in traditional psychology. Mind‐body dualism, subject‐object dichotomy and traditional notions of scientific causality are shown to be inapplicable to the perception of people, except where people are being seen as objects. The ‚predict and control' model of psychology, and the ‚medical model' of psychiatry both involve the perception of people as objects. The ‚participant observer' model is seen to be the optimal one for the study of hum

ISSN:0046-2772    

DOI:10.1002/ejsp.2420030304

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1973

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe purpose of the present experiment was to test several hypotheses concerning the interrelationship of dissonance reduction mechanisms in a situation where response possibilities are relatively unconstrained. Engaged female students were invited to take part in a bogus ‚Marriage Expectancy Test' that was supposed to allow predictions of marriage success. One week later, they received fictitious results differing negatively from their initial expectations of marriage success. The reactions measured were ‚conformity with the result' and ‚derogation of source' (confrontation mechanisms), and ‚devaluation of importance of the issue' and ‚under‐recall' (avoidance mechanisms). As predicted, avoidance responses increased steeply with discrepancy, while little increase was found for confrontation mechanisms. Psychological differentiation had no significant effect on dissonance reduction, whereas high vs. low self‐esteem influenced ‚derogation of source' and ‚devaluation of importa

ISSN:0046-2772    

DOI:10.1002/ejsp.2420030305

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1973

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe present experiment was designed to determine relative preference for fulfillment of consistency motivation. Ninety‐two students rated their attraction to, identification with, and idealization of a hypothetical stimulus person who was represented as having fulfilled particular social motives such as approval, power, achievement and consistency. Results confirmed that subjects prefer persons who have satisfied traditional needs more so than others whose consistency desires have been fulfilled. Implications for the role of consistency motivation in social behavior are considere

ISSN:0046-2772    

DOI:10.1002/ejsp.2420030306

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1973

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe aim of this study was to discover whether the pattern of out‐group oriented racial attitudes manifest among the children of various disadvantaged minority‐groups (e.g. black American children) might also be found among the children of ‚coloured' immigrants to Britain. To this end, measures of racial identification, preference, rudimentary stereotyping and social aspirations were administered to primary school children whose parents were of West Indian and Asian origin, and to native white English children for purposes of comparison. While the English children showed attitudes which consistently favoured the in‐group, both immigrant groups evidenced marked out‐group (i.e. white) orientation. One‐quarter of the Asian children and nearly one‐half of the West Indian children identified themselves with the white out‐group. The phenomenon of misidentification among children of disadvantaged racial minorities is discussed, and explanations of the difference between the West Indian and Asian groups in this respect are suggested in terms of their differing cultural backgrounds and practices, aspirations to integration, and relationship to the host community. The results of the study are reported in the context of the continuing debate over the effect of the race of the tester in racial at

ISSN:0046-2772    

DOI:10.1002/ejsp.2420030307

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1973

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe effects of reinforcement, social approval and sex on conformity were studied. Seventy‐two male and 72 female college Ss were divided into equal high and low need for social approval groups. Each group was assigned to 1 of 3 experimental conformity conditions: (a) True‐agree; (b) neutral; and (c) true‐disagree. The groups were tested via a social conformity apparatus. It was found that: (a) Reinforcement for agreeing with a contrived group consensus (true‐agree group) elicited more conformity than social pressure without reinforcement (neutral group), which in turn elicted more conformity than reinforcement for disagreeing with the consensus (trueA‐ disagree group); (b) females conformed more than males; (c) there was a slight tendency for high social approval Ss to conform more than low social approval Ss. Conformity was explained in terms of social learning, and it was suggested that the situational factor of reinforcement was a more important determinant of conformity than the motivational factor of social approval. The modified conformity scoring procedure used focuses on the conformit

ISSN:0046-2772    

DOI:10.1002/ejsp.2420030308

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1973

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA model of subject behaviour in scale answering situations is derived, developed and illustrated empirically. The model allows for the possibility that a subject, faced with a request to describe how much of some attribute an object possesses, may internally represent either that object or some other. Additionally, it allows that he may give honest expression to his internal representation or modify so as to proffer a more ‚functional' description. Thus two basic parameters (representation and description) characterise the process whereby a response emitter (S) gives a descriptive‐evaluative response to a response elicitor (E).The parameters of the model are demonstrated by two studies using a psycho‐metrically sophisticated personality scale (Mach. V). In the first, object substitution is shown by contrasting self‐referent and other‐referent responses using a personating technique. In the second, response modification, due to favourable self‐presentation, is found to operate despite a scale‐format designed specially to eliminate such biases.Two major implications of the model are discussed:AThat the nature of descriptive‐evaluative responding is such as to render the construction of non‐fakeable descriptive scales impossible.bThat many experiments using descriptive scales are dubious tests of their stated hypotheses because there are no provisions for the control of the parameters of description a

ISSN:0046-2772    

DOI:10.1002/ejsp.2420030309

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1973

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0046-2772    

DOI:10.1002/ejsp.2420030310

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1973

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0046-2772    

DOI:10.1002/ejsp.2420030311

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1973

数据来源: WILEY