ISSN:0046-2772    

DOI:10.1002/ejsp.2420170302

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAn investigation of the group concept proposed by Tqjfel and Turner shows that group formation and intergroup behaviour cannot be explained by the similarity of group members. Taking into account only similarity of elements leads to conceptual contaminations concerning group and class, group and collective, personal and social identity, and finally interpersonal and intergroup behaviour. It is claimed that only the consideration of group structure and the differentiation of partially individual and partially structural attributes of the group members results in a conceptually adequate theory of group formation and intergroup behaviour of its members.

ISSN:0046-2772    

DOI:10.1002/ejsp.2420170303

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis study investigated the independent effects of status differential on intergroup behaviour. Using a variant of the minimal group paradigm (Tueland Turner, 1979), subjects were categorized into groups of differing status (high, equal, low) with two levels of category salience (high, low). Using Tajfel's matrices subjects rated the creativity of products ostensibly produced by ingroup and outgroup members. Own group identification, intergroup perceptions and self‐reported strategies on the matrices constituted the other dependent measures. Results indicated a main effect for group status but none for salience. Equal status groups discriminated against each other thus replicating the minimal intergroup discrimination effect. High and equal status group members were more discriminatory against outgroups and more positive about their own group membership than were low status group members. In contrast, low status group members engaged in significant amounts of outgroup favouritism. Results also showed that social categorization per se was sufficient to elicit more ingroup than outgroup liking amongst all group members regardless of status differentials between groups. Overall, the results illustrate important aspects of the interplay between group status, social identity, prejudice and discriminatio

ISSN:0046-2772    

DOI:10.1002/ejsp.2420170304

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAn experiment was conducted to investigate the importance of inequity distress. In a 2 x 2 factorial design subjects were paid either in a high or low disadvantageous inequitable manner compared to a male confederate. One half of the subjects were led to believe that fictitious infrasonic sound would have arousing side effects, one half expected no side effects whatsoever. According to the hypotheses, (1) subjects in the misattribution condition restored equity less than subjects in the no side effects control group, (2) strongly inequitable treated subjects restored equity more than mildly inequitable treated ones, (3) the misattribution manipulation only had a significant effect on strongly inequitable treated subjects. Thus, the results show that distress is a necessary but not sufficient condition for the restoration of equity. Consequences of the results for future research are discussed.

ISSN:0046-2772    

DOI:10.1002/ejsp.2420170305

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe present study investigated the role of emotion in the area of intergroup relations. Results showed three ways in which emotions are relevant when Dutch autochthonous people are confronted with members of the three major ethnic minorities in The Netherlands: Surinamers and immigrant workers from Turkey and Morocco. First, four categories of emotions could be identified which appeared to be strongly associated with ethnic attitude‐positive mood, anxiety, irritation and concern‐each related to a specific kind of action readiness. Second, the influence which proximity of an ethnic group appeared to have on ethnic attitude could be explained by the specific kind of emotional experience related to different levels of proximity. The third way in which emotions appeared to be relevant was their ability to differentiate between the qualitative aspects of various forms of ethnic contact. With Surinamers, more personal forms of contact were associated with an increase in positive mood and a decrease in anxiety, irritation and concern. But for Turks and Moroccans, who can be considered to be in more basic respects culturally dissimilar from the Dutch, only negative aspects of close contact were found. The correspondence of the results with several research findings in the field of intergroup relations, is extensively discus

ISSN:0046-2772    

DOI:10.1002/ejsp.2420170306

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractTwo studies are reported which aimed to answer several questions relating to Atkinson's model of achievement motivation. Firstly, how successfully the theory can predict the occupational choices of two different populations and what changes, if any, need to be made to the model to make it more suited to such predictions. Several conceptual errors were found in the theory which make it unsuitable in its present form for predicting occupational choices and suggestions are made as to the possible correction of these. Secondly, a comparison is made between Atkinson's model and the expectancy‐valence models currently utilized to describe and predict occupational decision‐making. In particular Atkinson's incentive component is contrasted with the valence measure described by expectancy‐valence models, and the possible influences of the motive factors (motive to succeed and motive to avoid failure) are considered since these are typically omitted by other models of career choice. Finally, the existence of sex differences in career choice, as well as in the various components of the model are studied and discussed. The changing conceptualization of ‘fear of success’ is also included in this cons

ISSN:0046-2772    

DOI:10.1002/ejsp.2420170307

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractDifferences between paired paintings in a minimal group context were accentuated when assigned preferences served as the categorization basis. Failure to replicate resource allocation bias in control groups was attributed to the procedural emphasis on paintings, which may have precluded the use of the random categorization as a meaningful comparison dimension.

ISSN:0046-2772    

DOI:10.1002/ejsp.2420170308

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractMale and female subjects observed a discussion by a group with one of three sex ratios (9M‐IF, SM‐SF, 1M‐9F) and in which the male contributions were expressed in a more or less stereotype consistent manner. The results indicated that male speakers were stereotyped less than females and that male compared with female speakers were stereotyped increasingly less as the number of like speakers in the group incr

ISSN:0046-2772    

DOI:10.1002/ejsp.2420170309

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractZimbardo's de‐individuation concept was tested in a field experiment using games of fieldball. The results support the assumption that higher degrees of anonymity lead to more aggressive act

ISSN:0046-2772    

DOI:10.1002/ejsp.2420170310

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe present experiment was aimed at comparing the efficiency of the foot‐in‐the‐door technique (Freedman and Fraser, 1966) to that of the low‐ball technique (Cialdini Bassett, Cacioppo and Miller, 1978). Subjects were requested to abstain from smoking for 18 hours. The results demonstrated the superiority of the low‐ball technique. An original method of operationalizing the low‐ball technique (the use of intermediate behaviours) is prese

ISSN:0046-2772    

DOI:10.1002/ejsp.2420170311

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY