摘要:

AbstractStudied the effect of social support and increased self‐attention on the ways of dealing with information of subjects who were suspicious about the influence of the experiment.All 48 subjects were students from psychology classes who had previously been informed of the processes of social influence. The experimental design was based on two variables: on the one hand, the social support variable, ranging from a strong, medium, weak, to one with no reference at all to social support; the focus of selfattention variable, on the other hand, materialized in the videotaping of half of the subjects. Subjects were asked to make estimates on a number of points. During some of the trials, subjects were given a piece of information consisting of answers supposedly made by other subjects which were in fact their own estimates with a constant number added to them.The experiment has shown that as the social support given to videotaped subjects increased, the subject's confidence in his own estimate increased.This result is partly at variance with the objective self‐awareness theory and shows the importance of the subject's artitude towards the experimental situation (‘emprise experiment

ISSN:0046-2772    

DOI:10.1002/ejsp.2420110201

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractData from the 1976 American National Election Study were used to assess the effects of one outgroup characteristic, belief similarity—dissimilarity, on the enhancement of women's feminist consciousness. Women were focused on as the ingroup and men as the outgroup. The sample consisted of 677 women who believed that women should have an equal role with men. Outgroup belief similarity referred to women's perception that most men supported an equal role for women and outgroup dissimilarity to the perception that men did not support an equal role. Results indicated that outgroup belief similarity significantly enhanced women's feminist consciousness. Women who supported an equal role and perceived outgroup belief dissimilarity scored higher on cognitive and behavioural measures of feminist consciousness than those who supported an equal role but did not perceive outgroup dissimilarity. Secondary analyses were undertaken assessing the effect of ingroup belief similarity dissimilarity on the enhancement of sympathetic feminist consciousness among me

ISSN:0046-2772    

DOI:10.1002/ejsp.2420110202

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractStudied the dimensionality of judgments made by groups of persons evaluating described face‐to‐face social interactions. In these interactions, three situational elements are varied systematically, to wit: topic of conversation, partner status, and purpose of interaction. Twenty female and 20 male British social studies students compared the similarity of 12 such descriptions of dyadic interaction. A Principal Component Factor Analyses indicates that two dimensions (‘constraint’, ‘involvement’) are significant, by providing a two‐subset partition of the set of adjective pairs used by the judging groups. Furthermore, a Multiple Regression Analysis identifies the situational elements which account most for the two dimensions (partner's status for ‘constraint’, topic of conversation for ‘involvement’). The results are discussed in terms of social categorization and social order rheories. Conclusions are drawn as 10 further research on the relationship between perception of social situations and

ISSN:0046-2772    

DOI:10.1002/ejsp.2420110203

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractTested several social decision models—or problem‐solving models—on groups of different sizes working on a disjunctive task, that is, anagrams of two levels of difficulty. The subjects were 300 ten‐ and eleven‐year‐old Swedish boys and girls from Grades 4 and 5, a 2 × 5 × 2 (ability levels high and low × group sizes 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 × task difficulties hard and easy) design was used. Support was found for the truth‐wins model as an explanation of the underlying processes in very small groups (2 and 3), while reasonable explanations for larger groups (4 and 5) were given by the truth‐supported wins and the majority if correct, equiprobability otherwise model. Slightly different group processes were inferred on the hard as compared to the easy tasks. The results also extend previous research on the generality of the models, especially t

ISSN:0046-2772    

DOI:10.1002/ejsp.2420110204

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis study investigates the possibility that results of within‐subjects studies tend to be design‐specific. In a study of impression formation 3×3 row‐by‐column designs were presented to two groups of judges. The first design (standard‐design) included high. Medium, and low levels of the independent variables. The second design (comparison design) included a high/medium/low variation of one independent variable and a high/medium/high variation of the second variable. The judges were asked to reproduce informations. They received relevant informations (which should be reproduced) and additional informations (which were irrelevant for their task). The pattern of results is different within the two designs. While the standard‐design reveals a significant main effect for the relevant information, the comparison‐design reveals an additional interaction effect between relevant and irrelevant information. The results are attributed to the fact that the design itself

ISSN:0046-2772    

DOI:10.1002/ejsp.2420110205

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractTested the hypothesis that explicit identification of message ambiguity as a reason for failure in referential communication could help young children to gain understanding about the need for unique reference in communicative acts, in both experimental and natural settings. In the experiment each of 47 children aged 5‐2 to 6‐5 selected and then described clothes for a doll so that the experimenter could choose matching items. Ambiguous instructions from the children were consistently responded to with one of three reactions by the experimenter: (1) she guessed an item, (2) she asked ‘Which one?’ waited and chose or (3) she made explicit why she could not make a unique choice on the basis of the child's message. Both before and after this manipulation children were assessed for their understanding that messages can be ambiguous and can cause communication failure. Children accorded the third treatment improved most both in understanding and in reducing the ambiguity of their messages.A similar assessment of understanding was made of 36 6‐year‐old children of whom recordings of interaction in the home had been made over several previous years. Children whose mothers had made explicit their lack of understanding of their child's utterances were more advanced than those whose moth

ISSN:0046-2772    

DOI:10.1002/ejsp.2420110206

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe aim of the present study was to obtain some insight in how children structure and organize their knowledge about other people. Ten short descriptions of social situations (i.e., interactions) illustrated by pictures were presented to 48 children from four different age groups (mean ages 5.4, 6.7, 8.6, and 10.7 years). The situations were accompanied by questions pertaining to the story characters as individuals, their thoughts, their (re)actions, and the immediate causes of their behaviour. The results showed that the knowledge about each concept is highly age related. Partial correlations indicated that concepts about individuals and concepts about the immediate causes of behaviour are related to concepts about how people will (re)act in particular situations. In addition, the concepts about individuals are related to concepts about the thoughts and concepts about the immediate causes of behaviour. It appeared that the better the children seem to know other people the less certain they were in regard to their inferences about others.

ISSN:0046-2772    

DOI:10.1002/ejsp.2420110207

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0046-2772    

DOI:10.1002/ejsp.2420110208

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY