摘要:

AbstractInvestigated the effects of subjects' self‐concept and the attractiveness of the other on subjects' estimates of how much the other liked them. The use of a signal detection paradigm allowed the measurement of both the criteria and discriminability of subjects' decisions. Eighty mule and 80 female subjects participated in a computer match where they received either somewhat positive or somewhat negative feedback from their match. Besides sex and type of feedback, the factorial design included dating self‐concept (high vs. low) and other‐attractiveness (high vs. low). Results indicate that high dating self‐concept subjects had a lower criterion than low dating self‐concept subjects for saying that another liked them (p<.0l), and that the former group was superior to the latter at discriminating between the two types of feedback (p<.03). Also, males were more willing to say that the attractive match liked them than that the unattractive match liked them, while among females the direction of these differences reversed (p<.03). fie results were explained in terms of differential attention to pay‐off matrices and

ISSN:0046-2772    

DOI:10.1002/ejsp.2420080202

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractSimilar samples of English, Italian and Japanese subjects were asked to identify 8 emotional states and 4 interpersonal attitudes from video‐taped expressions of 2 performers from each of these cultures. AN sets of judgements were above chance, except Italians judging Japanese. The Japanese subjects were no different from English and Italian subjects in recognition ability but the Japanese performances were harder to recognize supporting Ekman's theory of display rules; in fact all Japanese expressions were difficult to recognize, with the exception of happy‐friendly. The Japanese (performers) make a clearer distinction between sad and depressed than other cultural groups, but did not distinguish between happy and friendly, or between angry and host

ISSN:0046-2772    

DOI:10.1002/ejsp.2420080203

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA previous experiment (Doise, Mugny and Perret‐Clermont, 1975) has shown that pairs of subjects perform better on a spatial representation task than subjects alone. As a conclusion the hypothesis was put forward that conflicts of cognitive centrations, embedded in a social situation, lead children to coordinate their centrations. The present research was planned to verify several predictions following from this general hypothesis. Results show that indeed more progress takes place when children with different cognitive strategies work together than when children with the same strategies do so, and that not only the less advanced but also the more advanced child progresses when they interact with each othe

ISSN:0046-2772    

DOI:10.1002/ejsp.2420080204

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractData from college students in North and South India tend to support our earlier findings of a positive relationship between the educational level and the degree of liberalism (Anant, 1972). With few exceptions a higher percentage of students than respondents from the general population gave liberal responses to most of the items in our questionnaire. A higher percentage of North and South Indian students gave liberal responses to items dealing with general attitudes toward caste‐system and toward interaction with Harijans (former ‘untouchables’), but the differences were reversed in the responses to items dealing with special privileges for the depressed c

ISSN:0046-2772    

DOI:10.1002/ejsp.2420080205

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe effects of behavioural and cultural expectation cues on the perception of a dyadic encounter were studied, using realistic videotaped interactions as stimuli. Intimate and non‐intimate non‐verbal interactions and intimate and non‐intimate episode definitions were combined in a 2 × 2 design and presented to subjects who rated both information sources separately (N = 20) as well as in congruent and incongruent combinations (N = 48). The contribution of each of these two cues to ratings of the combined episodes was analysed by Frijda's (1969) average relative shift technique, and a multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) procedure. Results indicated that behavioural cues dominate perceptions, but this dominance is reduced in incongruent cue combinations, suggesting a weighted averaging strategy. Perceptions of the relationship between the interactants were more resistant to behaviour cue dominance than perceptions of the interaction. An analysis of open‐ended accounts by subjects substantiated these findings. The results suggest that cultural expectations of interaction episodes have a salient and non‐obvious effect on social

ISSN:0046-2772    

DOI:10.1002/ejsp.2420080206

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis study tested the relative plausibility of three, main theories and/or hypotheses concerning the relationship between intolerance of ambiguity and socio‐politico ideology: (a) authoritarian personality theory, (b) the extremism hypothesis and (c) the context hypothesis. The sample consisted of 195 Swedish high school students randomly selected from five different high schools from greater Stockholm in the spring of 1974. Separate factor analyses of the Budner Intolerance of Ambiguity Scale and the S4 Conservatism Scale generated seven factors of ambiguity intolerance and five factors of socio‐politico ideology, Scattergram, correlation and trend analyses disclosed a number of statistically significant relationships between the various dimensions of ambiguity intolerance and socio‐politico ideology. The main trend of the results tended to confirm authoritarian personality theory concerning the relationship between intolerance of ambiguity and racism or ethnic prejudice. Furthermore, some support was found for the context hypothesis, with regards to the relationship between general intolerance of ambiguity and general conservatism, among other things. No support could be found for the extremism hypot

ISSN:0046-2772    

DOI:10.1002/ejsp.2420080207

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe purpose of the present research was to assess the relative influence of instigation or inhibition in mediating retaliation after arbitrary or non‐arbitrary frustration. Sixty‐four men were asked to learn a concept that was being taught by a peer. Although all men were frustrated, half were deliberately frustrated while the other half were not deliberately frustrated by the teacher. Following the task, the learner was given the opportunity to prevent the teacher from gaining employment under conditions where his evaluation was either anonymous or to be made public. The results of a 2 × 2 analysis of variance yielded several significant effects. The data revealed that subjects rejected the teacher more when the frustration was arbitrary than when it was non‐arbitrary. Moreover, when the evaluation was anonymous, subjects rejected the teacher more than when the evaluation was to be made public. Furthermore, the difference in the amount of rejection expressed between arbitrary and non‐arbitrary conditions was greater when the evaluation was anonymous than when it was public. These results were interpreted as demonstrating the greater contribution of instigatory rather than inhibitory factors in expressing aggression following deliberate or non‐deliberate f

ISSN:0046-2772    

DOI:10.1002/ejsp.2420080208

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIn this study 2 theories have been tested: Minimum Range theory (de Swaan, 1970; Leierson, 1970) and Minimal Resource theory (Caplow, 1956; Riker, 1962; Gamson, 1964). In an experimental simulation (Runkel and McGrath, 1972)political attitudes (left, centre and right) and power differences (40 seats in parliament, 30 seats and 20 seats) have been induced.The results suggest that in the beginning of the bargaining process people communicate about the composition of the coalition programme. The minimal range theory may explain this behaviour: parties with more similar ideological interests do coalesce. Later on, one more often bargains about the division of the outcomes, i.e. portfolios. Minimum Resource theory only partly explains the formed coalitions. Minimal winning coalitions, which are predicted by Minimum Resource theory, are formed more often within centre‐left‐coalitions. This is not the case for centre‐right‐coalitions. It is discussed that the link between the parity norm and minimal winning coalitions, which is assumed by Minimum Resource theory, possiblv does not hold in this experiment. The parity norm being used by right together with centres strong position leads to the frequent occurrence of minimal winning centre‐left

ISSN:0046-2772    

DOI:10.1002/ejsp.2420080209

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0046-2772    

DOI:10.1002/ejsp.2420080210

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0046-2772    

DOI:10.1002/ejsp.2420080211

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY