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1. |
Single linear ordering versus multiple discrepant orderings in the cognitive representation of social structures |
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European Journal of Social Psychology,
Volume 3,
Issue 2,
1973,
Page 109-123
James P. Kahan,
Jean‐Pierre Poitou,
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摘要:
AbstractPrevious studies have assumed that people have a predilection for single linear orderings, of which status congruence is a special case. Eighty‐two subjects were run in a two‐stage experiment to examine preference for linear orderings and whether single or multiple discrepant orderings are preferred when 1 instead of having to learn, subjects freely construct social structures, and 2 the material they are presented is more specified and less simplified than is usually the case in cognitive bias studies. In the first stage Ss were presented with sets of five individual characteristic dimensions, of which three were inherently orderable. Their task was to attribute one characteristic from each dimension to each of five fictitious persons. In the second stage, Ss were asked, for three types of influence (professional, political and cultural), to build an influence structure among the five persons constructed in the first stage.In Stage 1, linear ordering was used for three of the five dimensions. Two of these dimensions used a single ordering, while the third was only weakly related to the first two. In Stage 2, largely transitive but incomplete relations of influence were established, based on a salary‐occupational hierarchy. The completeness of the relation depended on the nature of the infl
ISSN:0046-2772
DOI:10.1002/ejsp.2420030202
出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.
年代:1973
数据来源: WILEY
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2. |
The durations of attention to alternatives and re‐evaluation in choices with two and three alternatives |
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European Journal of Social Psychology,
Volume 3,
Issue 2,
1973,
Page 125-144
Robert East,
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摘要:
AbstractIn two experiments on choice the durations of attention to the alternatives were measured. In experiment 1 each subject chose one from two pictures; in experiment 2 the choice was one from three pictures. In both experiments the subjects understood that they would acquire the picture that they selected. In each experiment higher and lower conflict conditions were induced by offering subjects a choice between alternatives that had been evaluated either equally or disparately.In both experiments a significant relationship appeared between duration of attention and preference order with most subjects looking longest at the alternative that was preferred.In the comparison between conditions this effect was found to be stronger under lower conflict than under higher conflict; this difference reached a significant level in experiment 2. These results are contrary to findings by Gerard (1967), and this matter is discussed. The relevance of the results to other theories is examined.Inferences were drawn from dissonance theory about re‐evaluation effects after decision, and evaluation changes were measured in the experiments. After adjustment for measurement regression, the data failed to reveal a significant chronic re‐evaluation effect. Contrary to dissonance theory, the re‐evaluation effect was weaker in the three‐alternative choice experiment than in the two‐alternative choice e
ISSN:0046-2772
DOI:10.1002/ejsp.2420030203
出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.
年代:1973
数据来源: WILEY
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3. |
The categorisation process in intergroup relations |
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European Journal of Social Psychology,
Volume 3,
Issue 2,
1973,
Page 145-157
Willem Doise,
Anne Sinclair,
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摘要:
AbstractIn the first two parts of the paper a distinction is made between a ‚conflict or convergence of interests' approach (Sherif) and a ‚categorisation' approach (Tajfel) in the area of the experimental study of intergroup relations. Some recent experimental findings are mentioned, and a theoretical development of the categorisation approach is proposed. In the third part a new experiment illustrating the relevance of the categorisation approach is descri
ISSN:0046-2772
DOI:10.1002/ejsp.2420030204
出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.
年代:1973
数据来源: WILEY
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4. |
Frustration and instrumentality of aggression |
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European Journal of Social Psychology,
Volume 3,
Issue 2,
1973,
Page 159-177
Alfred Lange,
Ad Van De Nes,
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摘要:
AbstractThe influence of two different reinforcers of aggression was investigated: Frustration (intrinsic primary reinforcement) and instrumental value of aggression (extrinsic primary reinforcement). In the first part of the experiment frustration was manipulated on two levels by having the stooge interfere very often or seldom in the ‚building a village' task of the subject. In the second part of the study the stooge had to judge distances in traffic while the subject was allowed to give him electrical shocks in order to startle and hinder the stooge in his estimation task. The aggression score of the subject was formed by the number and the intensity of the shocks delivered. Instrumentality of aggression was manipulated on two levels by indicating or not that the subjects could earn more money the more and stronger they shocked their partner. Confirming the predictions, significantly more aggression was expressed when this could lead to earning more money than in those conditions where this was not the case. Also confirming predictions, the impact of instrumentality on aggression was stronger than the influence of frustration. Frustration did not lead to a significant increase in the level of aggressio
ISSN:0046-2772
DOI:10.1002/ejsp.2420030205
出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.
年代:1973
数据来源: WILEY
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5. |
Intragroup effects on intergroup negotiation |
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European Journal of Social Psychology,
Volume 3,
Issue 2,
1973,
Page 179-192
Helmut Lamm,
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摘要:
AbstractThe article is introduced by an analysis of how the effects of a negotiator's intragroup status (leader versus non‐leader) on his negotiation performance (in particular, toughness) may be modified by such factors as the source of the status assignment (e.g., election versus imposition) and the presence and timing of position formation in the group. The accountability experienced by a negotiator vis à‐vis his group is proposed as the central intervening variable mediating status effects on negotiation. In a series of (previously published) experiments, all using the same procedural paradigm — a prenegotiation, intragroup phase followed by intergroup negotiation among equal‐status group delegates, the issues requiring a choice between higher and lower risk levels — some of the above variables and additional ones, were investigated. Overall, there was evidence of greater toughness among group‐elected leaders (relative to non‐leaders) and among subordinates (relative to imposed, ‚dictatorial' leaders). The latter effect obtained only when the negotiators were being continuously monitored by, and had to consult, their respective group partners during the negotiations. Results concerning risky shift (enhancement of risk acceptance through the negotiation discussions) are considered in the light of
ISSN:0046-2772
DOI:10.1002/ejsp.2420030206
出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.
年代:1973
数据来源: WILEY
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6. |
Effects of prior group agreement and task correctness on relative competence mediating conformity |
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European Journal of Social Psychology,
Volume 3,
Issue 2,
1973,
Page 193-203
David L. Wiesenthal,
Norman S. Endler,
Sheldon H. Geller,
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摘要:
AbstractFifty‐six male and 61 female university students participated in a 2 × 2 × 2 design with task correctness‐incorrectness, group agreement‐disagreement and sex of subject constituting the classification factors. A modified Crutchfield apparatus served to manipulate a subject's prior experience of correctness and agreement, and to measure subsequent conformity.Correctness and group agreement were seen to interact to produce varying degrees of perceived competence relative to a simulated group. Relative competence mediated conformity such that (a) on the basis of both experimentally manipulated competence and perceived competence, subjects who were less competent than the group manifested more conformity than subjects who were more competent than the group. This finding replicates the Ettinger et al. (1971) study; (b) subjects who perceived themselves and the group as equally competent conformed more than subjects who perceived themselves as either more competent or less competent than the group. This result was explained in terms of reciprocity; (c) no sex differences were found and possible explanations for this result were discussed; (d) no conformity differences between suspicious and unsuspicious subjects suggested the possibility that suspicious subjects were role
ISSN:0046-2772
DOI:10.1002/ejsp.2420030207
出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.
年代:1973
数据来源: WILEY
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7. |
Aggression, imitation and authority |
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European Journal of Social Psychology,
Volume 3,
Issue 2,
1973,
Page 205-207
Enno Schwanenberg,
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ISSN:0046-2772
DOI:10.1002/ejsp.2420030208
出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.
年代:1973
数据来源: WILEY
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8. |
Accentuation under serial and non‐serial conditions: Further evidence in favour of the relative concept |
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European Journal of Social Psychology,
Volume 3,
Issue 2,
1973,
Page 209-212
Waldemar Lilli,
Eberhard Winkler,
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ISSN:0046-2772
DOI:10.1002/ejsp.2420030209
出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.
年代:1973
数据来源: WILEY
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9. |
Perceived credibility of television news: A matter of viewer's attitudes and the position taken by the media |
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European Journal of Social Psychology,
Volume 3,
Issue 2,
1973,
Page 213-216
Mark P. Zanna,
Steven M. Del Vecchio,
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ISSN:0046-2772
DOI:10.1002/ejsp.2420030210
出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.
年代:1973
数据来源: WILEY
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10. |
Masthead |
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European Journal of Social Psychology,
Volume 3,
Issue 2,
1973,
Page -
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PDF (20KB)
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ISSN:0046-2772
DOI:10.1002/ejsp.2420030201
出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.
年代:1973
数据来源: WILEY
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