摘要:

AbstractTwo experiments investigated whether minority influence and conformity operate by the same or by different processes. It was predicted that subjects who were simultaneously exposed to a majority and a minority opinion would move towards the minority in private but towards the majority in public. The results of Experiment 1 supported this hypothesis. Experiment 2 investigated three hypotheses predicting that (1) the above interaction would be replicated, (2) minorities would trigger more arguments and counter‐arguments, and (3) cognitive activity would mediate internalization but not compliance. Hypotheses 1 and 3 were supported. The second hypothesis was not supported. However, minorities were found to trigger more arguments and fewer counter‐arguments than majorities. The results were interpreted as supporting the dual process mo

ISSN:0046-2772    

DOI:10.1002/ejsp.2420130302

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe theorizing of Asch and Moscovici was used as a framework for exploring the relationships among social pressure, attention to the stimulus, doubt about one's own judgment, and conformity. Male and female subjects (N = 185) were confronted either with one (low social pressure) or three (high social pressure) others who judged 12 critical pairs of noises as equal in loudness. The noises within each pair actually varied in how similar they were in loudness. High social pressure resulted in most subjects paying either little or much attention to the stimulus; low social pressure resulted in most subjects paying a moderate amount of attention to the stimulus. When social pressure was high, greater self‐doubt was associated with less attention to the stimulus; when social pressure was low, greater self‐doubt was associated with more attention to the stimulus. Conformity was positively associated with self‐doubt and negatively associated with attention to the stimulus. Social pressure increased conformity, particularly when subjects paid little attention to the stimulus. Although the results are interpreted as partially consistent with both the Asch and the Moscovici perspectives, they are not totally consistent with e

ISSN:0046-2772    

DOI:10.1002/ejsp.2420130303

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIt is argued that the efficacy of role playing as an experimental strategy should be assessed in terms of its ability to resolve the problems of experimentation in social psychology. Via an epistemological and methodological analysis of the laboratory experiment in social psychology, it is argued that ‘active‐experimental’ role playing constitutes a promising experimental strategy, because it can potentially overcome the fundamental experimental problem that arise in virtue of the relational nature of social psychological phenomena. It is stressed that in the end the question of the efficacy of role playing as an experimental strategy is an empirical one, but also that most empirical evaluations are inadequate for two reasons. Most of the role playing groups lack realism and involvement, and the congruence of results in role playing studies of deception experiments (whose validity is questionable) is uncritically taken as both the standard and the criterion for the efficacy of role playing. Both role playing and deception techniques should be assessed in terms of their capacity to achieve experimental re

ISSN:0046-2772    

DOI:10.1002/ejsp.2420130304

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe preponderance of empirical research in social psychology has ofren been a central issue in the ‘crisis literature’. However, no extensive empirical study has ever been undertaken vis a vis the ‘crisis’ in social psychology. In two studies, factors effecting the perceptions of social psychologists of their discipline were investigated. Although in the first study, among Dutch social psychologists, four hypotheses were tested and confirmed, a large part of the total variance in the perception of the ‘crisis’ remained unexplained. In the second study, both a worldwide sample of active social psychological researchers as well as a sample of authors of the ‘crisis literature’ were surveyed. The stances of both groups differed considerably. Although a majority of the active researchers did not agree that a crisis is at hand in social psychology, a large minority did. The active researchers agreed with many of the criticisms of social psychological research and theorizing. Attitudes on nine central issues, including the functioning of the editor/reviewer publishing system, predicted a large percentage of the total variance in the subjects' attitude toward the existence of a ‘crisis’

ISSN:0046-2772    

DOI:10.1002/ejsp.2420130305

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe present study compares the effects of two different socialization environments—the Israeli kibbutz and the city—on the social values held by 16‐17 year‐olds. A total of 352 boys and girls, 195 porn the city and 157 porn the kibbutz, filled out a specially prepared thirteen‐item questionnaire on social values. The results revealed the existence of four factors underlying these values: self‐oriented concerns (factor 1), other‐oriented concerns (factor 2), reliance on innate spiritual capacities (factor 3), reliance on physical and productive capacities (factor 4). Significant differences on factors 1 and 3 were uncovered for the kibbutz and the city subjects, while boys and girls differed significantly on factors 2 and 4. The findings were discussed in light of the differences in educational systems between the kibbutz and the city, and in light of sex‐role differences characteristic of Western soc

ISSN:0046-2772    

DOI:10.1002/ejsp.2420130306

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA critical appraisal of the existing motivational versus cognitive controversies in the area of attributional research led to the formulation of a model which contains the dimension of Evaluation conceptualized independently from Locus of causality.The model was tested, with Nigerian undergraduate students serving as subjects, in an experiment on self versus other attributions for success and failure outcomes.The data revealed two major findings: (1) Positive evaluation, and not attributional asymmetry, is the pattern of self‐perception in the achievement‐related contexts; (2) The pattern of positive evaluation in other‐perception is self‐outcome mediated, it shows a high level of generalization in the co‐shared experience and an egotistic reversal if opposite outco

ISSN:0046-2772    

DOI:10.1002/ejsp.2420130307

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIn the context of a comparative review of four recently published books on justice, the author provides an assessment of the current state of the field. He specifically discusses the role of equity theory, the variety of distributive principles, the role of justice in social behaviour, the broadening of perspectives in the field, and some remaining gaps and weaknesses in the literature. In concluding, the work of the leading theorists in the area is evaluated.

ISSN:0046-2772    

DOI:10.1002/ejsp.2420130308

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0046-2772    

DOI:10.1002/ejsp.2420130301

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY