摘要:

An automatic arrangement for investigation of thermal switching in transparent ferroelastic crystals is described. The polarization microscope image converted by the CCD camera is analyzed using a PC computer equipped with a real‐time video image digitizer card.

ISSN:0034-6748    

DOI:10.1063/1.1144242

出版商:AIP    

年代:1993

数据来源: AIP

摘要:

The electrical prebreakdown currents in liquid and solid dielectrics under a highly nonuniform electric field condition have been measured successfully using an electro‐optical current measuring system in conjunction with a 760‐ns rectangular high‐voltage pulse generator. The breakdown time lag was precisely measured from the current. The discharge propagation velocity was estimated from the linear relation to formative time lag and gap spacing to be 18 km/s in liquid nitrogen at +40‐kV point voltage.

ISSN:0034-6748    

DOI:10.1063/1.1144243

出版商:AIP    

年代:1993

数据来源: AIP

摘要:

A scheme is described that resolves the problem of coupling sensitive equipment to a heat exchanger while retaining excellent isolation against vibrations in an ultrahigh vacuum environment.

ISSN:0034-6748    

DOI:10.1063/1.1144244

出版商:AIP    

年代:1993

数据来源: AIP

摘要:

An evaporation source of simple and compact construction was devised. This source is 20 mm in diameter and 30 mm long; is composed of a ring filament, control aperture, and disk‐shaped sample (source) and shield cover; and enables the evaporation of source material to be easily controlled at a constant rate without the use of a feedback system. This evaporation source ensures depositions at constant rates for several hours. Refractory metal films of several thousand angstroms thickness can be deposited onto substrates held 10 cm from the source. Typical performance characteristics in the application to Ti films are presented.

ISSN:0034-6748    

DOI:10.1063/1.1144245

出版商:AIP    

年代:1993

数据来源: AIP

摘要:

A technique based on the Stark effect is described that allows the residual electric field in a small experimental volume to be systematically reduced to ≲50 &mgr;V cm−1. Although developed initially to allow production of Rydberg atoms in states with very large values of principal quantum numbern, it will also permit high resolution studies involving near threshold photoionization or very low‐energy free electrons.

ISSN:0034-6748    

DOI:10.1063/1.1144246

出版商:AIP    

年代:1993

数据来源: AIP

摘要:

We briefly present the properties of a liquid/elastic solid interface wave called ‘‘Scholte–Stoneley wave.’’ This wave is generated when a bulk wave meets the edge of the elastic solid in a perpendicular plane. This study leads to an original device for generating the Scholte wave. Using this simple setup, we show that the Scholte wave is diffracted by a default in the depth of the solid surface. In the same manner the commune extremity of two different solids stuck together is detected by this wave.

ISSN:0034-6748    

DOI:10.1063/1.1144247

出版商:AIP    

年代:1993

数据来源: AIP