摘要:

SummaryNeeded Research on Adoption ModelsThis paper outlines the development and present conventional form of the models of adoption. The five stage model of awareness, information, evaluation, trial and adoption, has been logically derived from assumptions about the process by which the human personality develops and how man responds to stimuli received: man is a telic being, an acting being and an organising being. The consequent operational model of adoption is also, for heuristic purposes, presented in five stages although it shouldnotbe concluded that the actual processes duplicate this. After dealing with characteristics of practices which affect their adoption, the paper concludes by considering the limitations of the model, and consequently suggesting required research. In particular, the model is too general for universal application, while its emphasis on a process leading to adoption has obscured the significance of optimum adoption and the factors related thereto. More research is also required concerning the detailed nature of each stage.

ISSN:0038-0199    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9523.1967.tb00549.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1967

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThe Ethnic Factor in the Development of Rural Settlements in IsraelSurveys of development were carried out in 1958 and 1963 in 223 co‐operative, small‐holder villages which had been newly settled in Israel. The farmers in each village belonged to one of three groups ‐ North African, Asiatic and Western ‐ each one with sufficient distinct characteristics to warrant terming them ‘ethnic’ groups.In order to separate the effect of the ethnic factor, four external parameters which might have influenced the development of the villages were examined first. Only one, the allocation of natural means of production, was found to be unequally distributed among the three ethnic groups. The development of each ethnic group was then determined according to a model based on ten criteria, bearing on the social and economic situation of the villages.The study showed that the ethnic factor was important in determining the rate of development. The group with the highest level of technical background, the Western, exhibited the highest level of development in both survey years, but by the end of the five‐year period, its level was slightly declining, while the levels of the other two groups were tending to catch up. Each ethnic group exhibited a specific rate of development, with the lower the starting point, the greater the development rate.The study bears on the adaptation of ‘folk’ people, who in most cases were not originally farmers, to modern agriculture with a complicated technology and organization, and on the importance of settling homogeneous ethnic groups, particularly in the case of

ISSN:0038-0199    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9523.1967.tb00550.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1967

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummarySocial Interaction in an Indian VillageThe data presented in the study suggest that caste plays a significant role in the patterns of social interaction in Indian society. In seeking one's friend, in inviting people to a wedding, and in visiting, a villager chooses more often a person of his own caste than of his educational or landownership category. In conviviality‐groups people of the same caste tend to gather together.While this is true of the village it would not be correct to say that the caste system is immutable. Our data gathered in a middle‐class area in the metropolitan city of Calcutta present a different picture. Here caste is the least important as a determinant of social interaction. In the city, income appears to have a greater influence. Most people living in the city came not more than one or two generations ago from the village where the caste system was strong. But through the influence of urban living they have changed their patterns of social interaction. Wealth and prestige have now become important and caste has been relegated to the background.It appears that the efforts of the planners have not yet succeeded in changing the patterns of social interaction in the Indian village. But there seems to be no reason why this pattern will not change with increased urbanizat

ISSN:0038-0199    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9523.1967.tb00551.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1967

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryPart‐Time Farming and Farm SizeBritish agricultural policy is to support farm incomes so that farm businesses above a certain size can provide a reasonable living. Many farms in south‐east England above this level are in fact run by part‐time farmers with additional sources of income, while some judged to be inadequate to employ one man full‐time nevertheless provide the sole livelihood of their occupiers. Full‐time farmers often endeavour to improve their income position by buying more land when the opportunity arises. Here they may be in competition with prospective part‐time farmers who are attracted by the farmhouse and regard the land as an amenity. This conflict could be resolved by selling the farmhouse with a small plot of land separately from the remainin

ISSN:0038-0199    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9523.1967.tb00552.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1967

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0038-0199    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9523.1967.tb00553.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1967

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0038-0199    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9523.1967.tb00554.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1967

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Book reviewed in this article:RÜCKRIBM, G. M. (1965). Die Situation der Volksschulc auf dun Lande. Soziologische Studien und pädagogischc Überlegungcn. Schriften des Deutschcn Instituts für wissenschaftlichc Pädagogik, Münster, (München: Kösel‐Verlag), 351 S.HUDDE, W.&M. SCHMIEL, Hrsg. (1965), Handbuch des Landwirtschaftlichen Bildungswesens (München‐Bad‐Wien: Baynischer Landwirtschaftsvalag), 589 S.BucnHOLZ, E. W. (1966), Ländliche Bevölkerung an dcr SchweUe d s Indusuiaeitalters ‐ Dcr Raum Bnunschweig als Beispiel. Quellen und Forschungcn zur Agnrg dchte, Band XI (Stuttgart: Gustav Fischer Verlag), 94 S.ELHAI, H. (1965), Recherches sur la propriété foncière des citadins en Haute‐Normandie. Paris: C.N.R.S., Centre de Recherches et Documentation Cartographiques et Géographiques, Tome x, fascicule 3, I 10 p.KAVADIAS, G. B. (1965). Pastcurs nomades méditerranéns. Les Supcatsans dc Grèce (Paris: Gauthier‐Vilhrs), 446 pp,. 109 ill.ROUSSEAU. H. (1966), Les facteurs d'évolution de la commercialisation des produits agricolcs en France (Paris: Gauthier‐Villars), 256 p.Villages déscrtés et histoire économique. Xle‐XVIIIe siècles (1965), Éole Pratique des Hautes Études ‐ VIc Seaion, Centre dc Recherches Historiques (Paris:S.E.V.P.E.N.), pp.619.BOISSEVAIN. J. (1965), Saints and Fireworks. Religion and Politics in Rural Malta (University of London: Athlonc Press), 154 pp., Map and Plates.ISHWARAN, K. (1966), Tradition and Economy in Village India (London: Routledge and Kegan Paul Ltd.), pp. XIVt‐169.PAHL, R. E. (1965), Urbs in Rure: the Metropolitan Fringe in Hertfordshire. (London School of Economics and Political Science, Geographical Papers no. 2). pp. 83.ELIAS, NORBERT&JOHN L. SCOTSON (1965), The Established and the Outsiders: A Sociological Enquiry into Community Problems (Landon: Frank Cass&Co. Ltd.) PP. xi + 199.HAVINDEN, M. A. (I 966). (with contributions by D. S. Thornton and P. D. Wood), Estate Villages (London: Lund Humphria for the University of Reading). pp. 210.CONSTANDSE, A. K., L. WIJERS&N. C. DE RUITER (1966). Planning and Creation of an Environment: Experiences in the Yssclmecrpolders (The Hague: Ministry of Housing and Physical Planning), pp. 89, 69 illustrations.WEITZ, R., ed. (1965). Rural Planning in Developing Countries; Report on the Second Rchovot Conference, Israel, August 1963 (London: Routledge&Kegan Paul), PP. VIII + 443.Väestöntutkimuksen Vuosikirja IX, 1965–1966 (Yearbook of Population Research in Finland, 1965–1966) (Helsinki/Tapiola: Väest7ouml;poliittincn Tutkimuslaitos/Population Research Institute), pp. 140.BECKER, H. A., 4. (1966), Demwatie en sociaal onderzock. Positie en funaie van het sociaal‐wctcnschappelijk onde‐k in dc verhouding tussen ovcrhcid UI bevolking (Democracy and Research. Position and Function of Social Research in the Relation between Go

ISSN:0038-0199    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9523.1967.tb00555.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1967

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0038-0199    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-9523.1967.tb00556.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1967

数据来源: WILEY