摘要:

SUMMARYThe different morphological stages of lymph node response to repeated regional administration of living β‐haemolytic streptococci has been compared with the uptake of labelled phosphorus P32in the node during the same stages. The experimental animals (young guinea pigs) were killed on day 1–28 after the first bacterial injection and after they had been given the tracer substance intraperitoneally 4 hours before the killing. The radioactivity was recorded by means of Geiger‐Müller counter on inguinal lymph node tissue after fixation in trichloracetic acid‐formol and dehydration in ethanol (ace. toOdeblad). The results were expressed as activity per mg fresh tissue from the infected side, in relation to that of inguinal lymph node tissue from the opposite side of the same animal, and was also related to the muscle tissue uptake. The distribution of the uptake within the nodes was studied by autoradiography.Already during the first period, morphologically corresponding to a diffuse lymphoid hyperplasia, higher uptake of about 50 per cent was shown in the nodes at the infected side. During the period 6th to 10th day corresponding to the phase of accelerated new formation of germinal centres, the uptake at the infected side culminated. During the last part of the experimental period when the node morphologically has entered into a stage of balanced activity, the relative uptake showed a certain decrease. The autoradiographic findings confirmed that the uptake in germinal centres is high compared with the inactive pulp. Centres at the end of their life cycle with ceasing lymphoblastic activity in their core presented an annular or crescent‐shaped shadow. Medullary areas with a high content of plasma cells showed a higher uptake than the peripheral pulp.As the uptake recorded with this method is mainly due to nucleoprotein‐bound phosphorus, its relative intensity may be considered to mirror the rate of cellular new formation. It is concluded that, although clear morphologic signs of lymphoblastic activity are lacking during the first response phase with a diffuse lymphoid hyperplasia, an acceleration of lymphocyte new formation sets in already during this stage, and that the further rise of the uptake graph during the phase of centre formation mirrors the culmination of the lymphopoetic activity in the node, evoked b

ISSN:0365-5555    

DOI:10.1111/j.1699-0463.1956.tb00980.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1956

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARYBy using Chalkey's “hit” method the nucleo‐cytoplasmic ratio in liver tissue of normal mice of different ages was determined. It was found that this ratio is not constant during life but is subjected to considerable, but seemingly, systematic vari

ISSN:0365-5555    

DOI:10.1111/j.1699-0463.1956.tb00981.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1956

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0365-5555    

DOI:10.1111/j.1699-0463.1956.tb00982.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1956

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0365-5555    

DOI:10.1111/j.1699-0463.1956.tb00983.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1956

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARYMany preparations of balsam of Tolu are unsuitable for use for the Meinicke antigen. A simple method which distinguishes between unsuitable and suitable preparations is described and illustrated.

ISSN:0365-5555    

DOI:10.1111/j.1699-0463.1956.tb00984.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1956

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARYThe influence of variation in the concentrations of cardiolipin and lecithin in the preparation of antigen for Meinicke's test has been studied. An antigen containing lecithin and cardiolipin in the proportion of 3 to 1 gave sensitive and specific reactions with positive sera and stable reactions with negative sera. This sensitive antigen gave a some what larger incidence of prozone inhibition (4 plus reactions) than usual; but among 1,782 sera tested with this antigen there was none giving a “biologically false 4 plus reaction. For the purpose of standardization, an antigen containing lecithin and cardiolipin in the proportion of 3 to 1 with adjustment of the total lipid content against that of balsam of Tolu is recommende

ISSN:0365-5555    

DOI:10.1111/j.1699-0463.1956.tb00985.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1956

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARYThe influence of variation in the concentrations of cardiolipin and lecithin in the preparation of antigen for Meinicke's test has been studied. An antigen containing lecithin and cardiolipin in the proportion of 3 to 1 gave sensitive and specific reactions with positive sera and stable reactions with negative sera. This sensitive antigen gave a somewhat larger incidence of prozone inhibition (4 plus reactions) than usual; but among 1,782 sera tested with this antigen there was none giving a “biologically false” 4 plus reaction.For the purpose of standardization, an antigen containing lecithin and cardiolipin in the proportion of 3 to 1 with adjustment of the total lipid content against that of balsam of Tolu is recommen

ISSN:0365-5555    

DOI:10.1111/j.1699-0463.1956.tb00986.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1956

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARYThe reaction of chlorine with bacteria in water disinfection was under various conditions investigated by studying how large a portion of the free available chlorine used‐up was taken up by the bacteria. The amount of the free available chlorine used in the experiments was such that after a 5‐minute exposure none was present any more,i.e.neither free nor combined available chlorine. Great care was exercised in reducing organic impurities to a minimum. All experiments were performed with radioactive chlorine (Cl36). The bacteria used wereEsch. coliandStaph. aureusin concentrations of about 50 × 106bacteria per ml water. The period of exposure of the bacteria to chlorine was 5 minutes. The experiments were carried out at a water temperature of about 20° C and pH‐rates of 6.5 and 8.2 respectively.In connexion with the investigations certain studies were performed as to a possible isotopic exchange reaction between free available chlorine and chloride ions.Results(1) On an average, from 10 per cent to 25 per cent of the free available chlorine used‐up was found in the bacteria after a 5‐minute exposure to 0.5 ppm free available chlorine. (After this period no chlorine was present as free available or combined available chlorine.)(2) An influence was noted of the pH‐rate,i.e.at pH 6.5 the corresponding value was 10–11 per cent, but at pH 8.2 it was 22–25 per cent.(3) On the other hand, no significant difference as regards the amount of absorbed chlorine was demonstrated betweenEsch. coliandStaph. aureus.(4) The more free available chlorine was added, the larger was the amount of the used‐up chlorine residual demonstrated in the bacteria. Thus, with addition of 0.25, 0.5, and 1.0 ppm respectively of free available chlorine, values of about 5 per cent, 13 per cent, and 27 per cent respectively were obtained. These experiments were carried out withEsch. colionly, and at pH 6.5.(5) No isotopic exchange reaction bearing on the results was demonstrated between free available chlorin

ISSN:0365-5555    

DOI:10.1111/j.1699-0463.1956.tb00987.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1956

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARYAntigenic analysis of 18 strains of hemolytic streptococci, group A, representing 18 different types, was carried out during autoclaving at 120°C and 127°C.The T antigen could not be found after 5 minutes at 120°C. The C substance resisted heating for 2 hours at 127°C, whereas the M antigen was gradually destroyed at rates that varied with the different strains. The destruction was complete after 2 hours at 127°C with one exception: type 24.In 14 of the 18 strains examined, the O antigen (Thulin) contained, besides the C substance, remnants of the M antigens, whereas these antigens in 3 of the strains were destroyed by the heat treat

ISSN:0365-5555    

DOI:10.1111/j.1699-0463.1956.tb00988.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1956

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARYBy agglutination, absorption, and immunization experiments, it is shown that the substance in streptococci, group A, which is resistant to 127°C for 2 hours is identical in the strains examined

ISSN:0365-5555    

DOI:10.1111/j.1699-0463.1956.tb00989.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1956

数据来源: WILEY