摘要:

THE QUARTERLY JOURNAL OB THE cH E M I c A L s oc I wr Y XXVI.-On the Produce obtained from Barley sown in Rocks of various ages. By CHARLESDAUBENY, M.D. F.R.S. F.C.S. PROFESSOR OF CHEMISTRY ETC. OXFORD. It has been much disputed amongst geologists whethn,r there be any evidences derivable from the structure of the rock-formations which constitute the crust of the globe such as should lead us to infer that any of those lying near to the bottom of the series had been deposited at a period antecedent to the commencement of animal and vegetable life. The affirmative of this proposition is naturally taken by those who contend for the old and until lately universally received opinion that the great classes into which animals and vegetables are divided appeared upon the earth not simultaneously but successively ; the invertebral class in the former and the cryptoganiia in the latter having been first created in accordance as theory suggests with the more chaotic condition of the earlier stages of our planet ;whilst the vertebrata and the phanerogamia were brought into being afterwards when circumstances became more favourable to the existence of plants and animals accomplishing a greater variety of functions and requiring therefore a more elaborate and delicate organisation.Such an opinion must be distinguished fmm the views of the author of the “Vestiges,” as it may be entertained without any participation in the doctrine of transmutation of species; in the one case it being conceived that organisms as perfect and as complicated as the condi- tions of the earth admitted were created in every stage of the world’s VOL.VI1.-NO. XXVII I. U 290 DR. DAUBENY ON THE PRODUCE OBTAINED FROM progress and therefore that higher types of the classes which were in existence often preceded lower ones ; in the other the superior types even under possible external conditions requiring to be elabo- rated out of the inferior and therefore necessarily succeeding them. The negative however of both these hypotheses is equally implied in the attempts made by Sir Charles Lye11 and his followers to convince us that the aniiiials which stand highest in the order of being might all with the exception of man have existed at the earliest periods of the earth’s creation no less than those humbler forms of organisation of which such abundant vestiges have been preserved ; since if such a position be tenable there would then be no apparent reason why the oldest stratified rocks should not have teemed with the remains of animal life as gcnerally and as copiously as is found to be the case with respect to those deposited at the present day.It is not my purpose to detain you with the arguments by which these two theories are respectively maintained ; the former supported by the general tenor of the observations hitherto made with respect to the organic remains contained in rocks of different ages; the latter fortified by an appeal to certain exceptional cases in which the remains or foot-tracks of‘ animals of higher organisation have been found associated with the more characteristic fossils of the stratum ; and consequently must be inferred to date their existence from a period of greater antiquity than our preconceived notions would have led us to assign to them.But with regard to the other question which relates to our recog-nition of rocks fornied antecedently to the existence of organic life or at least deposited when living beings were just beginning to appear it cannot I think be disputed but that there is aprimdfacie case at least in favour of it in the entire absence of organic remains from many rocks lying below the great Silurian formation which have been well explored; and also from the gradual dying out as it were of the same as we descend in the series.“Thus,” as Sir R. Murchison observes “in Bohemia as in Great Britain and in portions of North America the lowest zone containing fossil remains is underlaid by very thick buttresses of earlier sedimen- tary accumulations whether sandstone schist or slate which though occasionally not more crystalline than the fossiliferous beds above them have yet afforded no sign of former beings.” The reply to this argument is made by an appeal to our ignorance; by reference to the many cases of metamorphic action that occurred at later periods of the earth’s history from which an entire obliteration of the organic remains of a rock appears to have resulted; and by BARLEY SOWN IN ROCKS OF VARIOUS AGES. suggesting that the chances of metamorphic action having taken place are multiplied in proportion to the antiquity of the formation with which we have to deal.In considering this question it occurred to me to ask whether there were not certain products of the operations of life which might escape destruction even if all external indications of them were obliterated ;and if so whether they ought not to remain as perma-. nent monuments of beings that once existed even after this supposed nietamorphic action had remodelled the beds in which they were deposited. It is now many years since* I satisfied myself of the existence of phosphoric acid in so many secondary limestones that I was led at the time to infer that this ingredient existed almost universally; and at present its occurrence even amongst metamorphic rocks is generally admitted not only from the indirect evidence arising from the fact that plants are able to draw this necessary principle in sufficient quantities from the soil resulting from the decomposition of such rocks but also by direct analysis which has established its presence in them.If this be the case I see no reason why the earliest rocks with which animal life was associated should not still retain the phosphoric acid which must have formed an integral part of their organisation and therefore might not afford to a certain extent at least a pre-sumption in favour of the presence of organic remains before metamorphic action had changed altogether the original structure of the rock. The occurrence indeed of phosphoric acid in a rock is no certain criterion of the former existence of animals because we niust assume it to have been present in common with all the other necessary constituents of organic bodies before any of the latter came into being; and because also we have examples of its appearance as in the phosphorite rock of Estremadura in a condition which compels us to ascribe its deposition to chemical forces alone.When for instance Sir Charles Lyell in his anniversary address for 1851 p. 36 alleges that the discovery made by the Government surveyors of concretions containing between 30 and 40 per cent. of phosphate of lime in the Bala limestone bears witness to the existence of vertebrata in the most ancient seas we are inclined towithhold our assent to such a proposition until assured that this local accumulation of the substance in question could not have beec brought together * Report on Mineral and Thermal Waters Brit,.APSOC.Reports for 1836 p. 20,-Three Lectures on Agriculture 1841,p. 46. 292 DR. DACBEWY ON THE PROUITCE OBTAINEI) FRO31 by those chemical opcrations which havc worked so many changes in rocks antecedently to or at least indepcndciit of the agcncy of living beings. But the converse of the proposition would seem less open to objection for it is contrary to all analogy to imagine any class of animals to have existed without leaving behind them some traces of the phosphoric acid wliich seems so far as we know an universal coiicomitant of life in all its phases.* These traces no doubt become fainter as we descend in the scale of organisation and consequcn tly may in many instances escape detection.The main ctifliculty indeed in the investigation arises from the minute quautity in wliich phosphoric acid exists as compared with the other ingredients of a rock as well as froin the imperfection of our means of separating it when intermixed or combined with the other matters present. I have tried to extract phosphoric acid from the slate of Skidclaw of Bangor and somc others operating up011 several ounces of' each by long-continued digestion in nitric acid as recommended to me by Baron Liebig but could not satisfy myself of the presence of this substance although I suspected traces of' it to exist in the instance of that from Skicldaw.I have however no confidence in my power of eliminating by any chemical reagents at niy disposal from a inass of clay stone or loam a portion of phosphoric acid which does not exceed Ta$a-ii-th part of the entire mass; and yet such a proportion distributed over an acre of ground which to a depth of only one foot contains at least 1600 tons of earth would indicate more than 350 lbs. of phosphoric acid,-equivalent to that contained in a very large development of animals of the lower class. But we may be sure that if any of those crops which contain in themselves nutriment for the higher grades of animals will grow in a particular rock phosphoric acid in some shape or other must be present in it.If any doubt exist on that head I may refer in confirmation of it to the recent experiments of the Prince of Salrn-Horstmar,j-* Lehmann (Physioiogical Chemistry) states that phosphate of lime occurs in eveiy kind of animal tissue in all animal fluids in all protein compounds more especially. It probably plays an important part in the metamorphosis of the animal tissues and especially in the formation and in the subscquent changes of aniinal cells. Schmidt found in the inner side of the mouth of Unio and Anodonta no less than 15 per cent. of phosphate of lime 3 of Carbonate of lime and 81 of organic matter ; so that the phosphate seems to be separated from the blood by this organ for the pur-pose of cell-formation. It seems probable that the carbonate is converted in the animal into phosphate by the phosphorus it containa.The latter however would seem to arise from the reduction of phosphoric acid. I suspect that phosphoric acid will be found present in all nitrogenised structures whether of animals or vegetables. t Ann. Ch. Yhys. [3] nxxii. 461 xxxv. 54. BARLEY SOWN IN ROCKS OF VAIZIOUS AGES. which diow that if the soil be deficient in any of the seven essential elements of plants of which phosphoric acid is one no coniplete development of its parts will take place. It would seem therefore at first sight as if we had nothing else to do except to observe whether or not a soil was utterly barrw in order to assure ourselves of the presence of this ingredient; and such undoubtedly would be the case provided we could ascertain that neither art nor nature had introduced any foreign body into the materials derived from the subjacent subsoil.But I know not how this can be confidently predicated even with reference to a newly-peopled country niuch less in the case of one long cultivated like our own; since it would be necessary to prove not only that the surface had never been modified by the additioii of any kind of manure but also that no torrent or flood had at any time spread over it niaterials derived from the country adjacent. It seemed to me therefore that it would be more satisfactory to try the experiment on a small scale by bringing away from the spots the subsoil of which it was my wish to test a sufficient quantity of the pure rock to fill an open box the diniensions of which should be about 2 feet square and of nearly equal depth.Into this the material after having been coarsely pulverised was introduced; more or less p91.esand being added to it according as this was found necessary in order to bring the whole into that state of consistency whicb appeared likely to render it mechanically spealr- ing suitable for vegetation. A given weight of barley the amount of ash and also of phosphoric acid present in which had been ascertained by a previous examination was then sown in each of the boxes. In the experiments made in 1852 and 1853 the quantity of barley sown weighed in each case 120 grains from which were obtained 3.5 grains of' ash and as nearly as possible 1 grain of phosphoric acid; but finding this quantity unnecessarily large for the earth employed only fifteen grains were introduced in 1854 which from the results obtained seemed to be amply sufficient.Wishing to test in this manner the relative capacity of rocks of different agcs to yield phosphoric acid to the crop which grew in them I selected the following samples which include most of the rock- formations from the chalk to the lower Silurian or Cambrian series :-1. The chalk from the neighbourhood of Brighton Sussex. 2. The sand from the calcareoue grit of Headington near Oxford. 294 DR. DAUBENY ON THE PRODUCE OBTAINED FROM 3. The oolitic limestone taken from the borders of the Cotswold Hills near Cirencester Gloucestershire.4. The new red sandstone from Haffield near Ledbury in Herefordshire. 2. Pure dolomite from the magnesian limestone formation of Roche Abbey in Derbyshire. 6. Slate taken from a spot near Dolgelly designated by Professor Sedgwick as a rock lying below the Silurian strata and apparently destitute of organic remains. 7. Clay slate from the foot of Skiddaw in Cumberland also regarded by geologists as lying very low in the series. To these were added in the present year two samples of slate from N. Wales both so far as our examination has yet gone totally destitute of organic remains and both lying at the base of the whole series of rock-formations which have been described by Sir Roderick Blurchison and Professor Sedgwick in that country.These were- 8. The slate from the quarries of Nant Frangon near Bangor ; aud 9. That from the quarries of Llanberris in the same neighbour- hood. I also employed a sample of micaceous schist from Loch Lomond procured through the kindness of Rfr. Andrew Liddell of Glas-gow,-a rock in which metamorphic action had entirely obliterated all traces of organic life if any such were ever present iu it. In order to afford a standard of comparison there was added to these in each of the three years a box containing some of the soil of the Botanic Garden Oxford where the experiments were carried on of which an analysis has been already given in my Bakerian Lecture Phil. Trans. 1845 but which may be described briefly as a made soil of an argillaceous character resting on the Oxford clay.The results obtained are given in a connected view in the two tables which accompany this memoir (pp. 301 302 and 303);and I have also constructed a diagram (p. 300),in which the relative quantities of phosphoric acid extracted from each of the rocks during the several years in which the barley was sown in them are registered. During the years 1852 and 1853,none of the rocks or soils expe- rimented upon were manured except that from the Botanic Garden; and yet it will be perceived that the crops grown in the former of these years were all sufficient to attest the fact that a portion of phosphoric acid must have been withdrawn from the rock in which BARLEY SOWN IN ROCKS OF VrllEIOUS AGES.they were reared. The proportion howcver varied very considerably ; and if we regard the quantity yielded by the crop which was obtained from the Botanic Garden soil as the normal amount which under such circumstances the crop was likely to extract from ground of about the average amount of fertility we shall find that whilst3.9 grains of phosphoric acid had been absorbed in this instance no less than 7.73 was extracted froin the rich marly sandstone of Ledbury; 2.38 from the chalk ; 1.52 from the Headington grit ; and quantities varying from 1$to 1 grain from the remaining rocks. So far therefore there appeared no striking inferiority on the part of the Cambrian or lower Silurian slates to the oolite the Headingtori grit or the dolomite of Derbyshire ; for the differences in the amount of phosphoric acid taken up by the crop in these several instances were very inconsiderable.But the produce of the year succeeding seemed to indicate that in the former cases the deficiency arose from an actual want of phosphoric acid whilst in the latter it was occasioned. only by the necessity for a longer period of exposure in order that the natural agents of deconiposition should be enabled to develope and render soluble ingredients which were actually present in the rock but which at first had not been available. This I think may be inferred from the fact that whereas the oolitic rock in 1853 supplied 4.1 gr. of phosphoric acid the dolomite 6.53 and the Headington grit 5.55 the slate from Dolgelly on the other hand yielded only 0.05 and that from Skiddaw none at all.In 1854 a similar deficiency in the amount of phosphoric acid obtained was evinced by the two specimens of Welsh slates which I then operated upon ; that from Bangor imparting little more than 0.8 of a grain of phosphoric acid to the barley sown in it and from Llanberris none at all; there being in fact less phosphoric acid in the crop than in the grain sown. The specimen of niicaceous elate likewise which I obtained from the neighbourhood of Glasgow only appeared capable of supplying about 0.6of a grain of phosphoric acid to the crop which grew in it. A similar argument as it appears to me might be deduced from the fact that no large amount of lime in any shape at all as coin- pared with the other ingredients was discoverable in the slates in question.Thus after long digestion in nitric acid the slate from Dolgelly yielded only 3.2 gr. in the 1000,or about 0.3 per cent. ; the mica schist 1.6in the 1000 gr. ;the Bangor slate 1.23;the Skiddaw only a mere trace; the Llanberris slate none at all. After fusion with carbonate of soda indeed these slates similarly treated afforded 296 DR. DAUBENY ON THE PRODUCE OBTAINED PROM rather a larger quantity of lime the rock from Dolgelly then indi-cating as much as 13.2gr. to the 1000; the mica schist 4-85 gr. ; that from Bangor 4.1 gr. ;and from Llanberris 2.2. The Skiddaw slate alone under neither of these methods of procedure gave indications of more than a trace of lime.These quantities however are all very small in relation to those ordinarily existing in rocks which contain organic remains unless indeed in cases where we may on other grounds suspect a removal of the lime originally present or a substitution for it of some other ingredient to have taken place. Now as in the case of phosphoric acid although the presence of lime proves in itself nothing as to the existence of animal or vegetable life cotemporaneously to the deposition of the rock its absence would Sezm to indicate the want and its deficiency the paucity at least of lime-secreting beings. It remains to be seen whether rocks of equal antiquity contain lime in such a condition-that is so disseminated through the rock- as to lead to the contrary inference; for its occurrence in veins OP in alternating strata would prove nothing inasmuch as chemical forces alone might have been capable of bringing it there and of producing the arrangement which it exhibits.To return however to tlic case of the phosphoric acid it might be said that the failure in these instances arose not from the want of this ingredient but from some meclianical or other unsuitableness in the rock for rearing a crop of the above description ;but this objection was obviated by adding in 1854 to the same sample of Dolgelly and of Skiddaw slates which had been made the subject of experiment in the two preceding years a portion of phosphate of lime and of nitrate of soda. The same trial R~S also made upon the two Welsh slates obtained in 1854 and in these instances in a manner even more conclusive because the manured and unmanured rock was experimented upon at the very same time.The great increase of crop obtained in all the four instances by manuring sufficiently evinces that there was no mechanical impediment offered by any of those samples of rock to the growth of barley; the following being the results obtained :-In Dolgelly slate the phosphoric acid extracted from the rock in 1853 was only 0.05; in 1854 the rock being manured 1.06. Skiddaw date . in 1853 unmanured 0.00 I Y> . , 1854 manured . 1.93 297 BARLEY SOWN IN ROCKS OF VARIOUS AGES. Slate from Bangor in 1854 unmanured 0.08 I ? , , manured . 1.71 , from Llanberris , 1854 unmanured 0 00 J9 J , , manured .1-00gr. The same inference may probably be drawn from the fact that in those rocks which evinced a deficiency in phosphoric acid the propor- tion of straw to grain exceeded the average so that it may be concluded that the barley made an effort to develope itself and proceeded in its growth until it was arrested by the want of phos- phoric acid.* As this ingredient is not uniformly distributed through all the parts of a growing plant but is found principally in the grain and even in this is confined to the gluten starch being alniost destitute of it t it seemed to me desirable not to content myself in every instance with merely calculating the probable amount of phosphoric acid from that of the ash obtained but in some cases to determine it by actual experiment ; and accordingly it will be found by reference to the table that in the case of the Bangor Skiddaw Llanberris and Dolgelly slates less phosphoric acid was detected in the ashes than is normally present in the same amount of barley.It must be admitted that the above experiments even though con-ducted upon a sound principle do not go the length of substantiating the entire absence of phosphoric acid in any of the cases examined except in that of the Llanberris slate where as will be seen there was even at first less phosphoric acid in the crop than in the grain previously sown whilst in the others wc always observed in the first year a small increase amounting in the case of the Bangor slate to about +o of a grain ; in that of the Dolgelly rock to about 1 gr.; in that of the Skiddaw slate to 1.2; and in the micaceous rock from Loch Lomond to about +5of a grain. Ilrr’evertheless the marked diminution which in these cases took place in the second year serves to show that the first crop had really taken up nearly all which the rock was able to afford; and in these cases the inference would seem to be that we had approached the borders at least of the lower liniit of organic existence; for as the * See the experiments recorded in the “Annales de Chimie” for 1851 by the Prince of Balm-Horstmar on the growth of oats in boxes filled with pure sand or quartz from which one or more of the substances usually present in soils and in the ashes of plants were excluded.When phosphoric acid was cut off though the vegetative part of the plant; as the straw continued tlhe seed was not produced and the proceam of reproduction was arrested in the act of flowering. t See my Bakeriaxi Lecture p. 239-40. which supplied the smallest. thatin , 298 DR. DAUBENY ON THE PRODUCE OBTAINED IrROM whole quantity of rock contained in each of the boxes exceeded GO Ibs. or 460,800 grains we should have no right to calculate upon 1110re than from about 37j-+aE-6. part of pl~osphoric acid in the rock which yielded the largest amount of this ingredient and little more than -____(, Now in the case of the Cambrian slate from Dolgelly the stock of phosphoric acid appeared the second year to be nearly and in that from Skiddaw wholly exhausted although by the addition of phosphte of lime to each they were brought back as will be seen to more than their original fertility.If then we compare the above proportions of phosphoric acid with those ascertained by the most recent investigations to exist in secondary limestones or in soils derived from thein we shall find an enormous disproportion between the two; few of the latter that have been analysed appearing to contain less than one part of phos- phoric acid in 10,000,and mauy probably as much as 1part in the 1000. If it be objected that the phosphoric acid might be locked up in the rock in such a manner as to prevent its being given out to the growing crop it may be replied that we have no right to infer the existence of a body which has neither been detected by direct chemical analysis nor shown to be present by the indirect method resorted to until at least more refined researches shall either have determiued its presence or have pointed out the manner in which after having been once deposited in the rock it may have been dissipated by the meta- morphic action which subsequently took place.It may also be objected that my experiments are too limited in number and extent to warrant any general conclusions being deduced from them; nor indeed have I the presumption to suppose that they alone are capable of settling so large a question as that which has been mooted in this paper. I may however remark that whilst in all the secondary rocks I examined the usual proportion of phosphoric acid was discoverable by my method a marked deficiency in this ingredient was perceived in every one of the samples taken from the bottom of the Silurian or of the Cambrian series which I had collected.It may moreover be pointed out that these samples were chosen not from one locality but from a number of places for the most part quite remote one from the other in England Scotland and Wales,- and that in the case of the Bangor slate the rock employed consisted of the powder rubbed off from a great variety of slates taken from all parts of that extensive quarry by the grinding or sawing proceas to BARLEY SOWN IN ROCKS OF VARIOUS AGES. which they are subjected in order to bring them to an uniform size; and that they may therefore be presumed to present afair average of the rock in general.Indeed when we recollect that not a trace of any organic body has been detected by the most careful examination notwithstanding the vast quantities of this slate that have been exposed to observation within the last century in consequence of the enormous demand that has arisen for the material both at home and abroad it is evident that if organic remains were ever present the most complete meta- morphic action must have operated throughout the niass in order to bring about so total an obliteration of them; nor could such a process have taken place without diffusing the phosphates throughout the rock so as to afford traces of it everywhere. At any rate I hope to have succeeded in opening a line of inquiry which if further pursued may lead to the future elucidation of this problem and at the same time may have an immediate practical bearing upon agriculture itself by pointing out which of the rock- formations are most likely to be deficient in phosphoric acid and therefore most susceptible of amelioration by manures containing that principle.TABLE Showing the relation between the amount of phosphoric acid present in the barley sown and in the crop obtained from it in the several soils below-mentioned :-IfT YEAR. cR.L! 1. 2. 3. 4#. 5. 6. 7. 7°C. XEPERESCES TO THE xnrmrts. Botanic Garden Soil. 8. Clay Slate Skiddaw. Chalk of Brighton. 8*. Ditto manured.Oolite Cirencest er. 9. Clav Slate Bangor. Sand Hendington. 9". Ditto manured. Sandstone Tm<lbui*y. 10. Clay Slate Llanberris. Dulomite Roche A bhey. 10". Ditto maiinred. Clay Slate Dolgellp. 11. Xica Schist Qlaspow. Ditto manured. 12e'ation hctween the Rock in which Produce from thc Crop Acid present in the o L.RIIIC atd Irioipnic the Barley was sown. Barley EOWXl in Ash obtained from the Crop in Amount of Phosphoric of hliittcr existiriq in the 1832 and 1853. Crop ohtailled in Unmanured. 1853. 1853. 1853. 1952. 1853. 1852. 1853. 1852. 1853. 1853. -1. Chalk Brlghton :---Grain ........ 33i'O 267'0 .............. 7'0 ........ 8'0 By calculation .. 2'00 By experiment 2'50 Grain as.. 100 100 Grain as 100 81 -0 630'1) ..............77'0 ........ 51 5 By experiment .. 1'38 By calculation 0'97 Ash.. .... 2.11 3.00 Ash as 100 114'0 Straw ........ 1233'0 -- 3'47 Straw as.. 100 I no Straw as 100 51'5 Total.. .... 1560*0 607'0 Weight ofAsh "'O {Phosphoric Arid 3'38 1'00 Ash.. .... 6'35 8'6 Ash as 100 50.5 Weight of Barley sown 120'0 120'0 -in Barley sown} 1'00 ............ -. { in barley sown } 2 ........ 'i:; _-I Gain.. .... 1440'0 777'0 Gain .... 80.5 Gain.. 59'0 Gain ...... 2'38 Gain .. 2'47 2. Sand,from Heading- ton Oxfordahire :-Grain ........ 175'0 396'0 .............. 5.0 ........ 12'0 By calculation .. 1'12 By experiment 4'20 Grain as.. 100 100 Grain as 100 325'0 Straw ........ 665.0 1680.0 .............. 62.0 ........ 130'0 By calculat~un.. 1'19 By calculation 2'35 -IS11......2 85 3'02 ~slias 100 240'0 Total.. .... 840.0 2076.0 Weight of Ash 67'0 6'55 Strew as.. 100 100 Straw as 100 251.0 120'0 Phosphoric Acid 52 ............ 1'00 Asli.. .... 9.40 755 Ash as 100 210'0 Weight of Barley sown 120'0 -{ in Barley sown 12 ........ { in Barley sown 11'00 - -.-Gain.. .... 720'0 1956-0 Gain .... 63.5 Gain.. 139'5 Gain ...... 1'53 Gain .. 5-55 2. Oolitic Limestone, Cotswold Hills near Cirencester :-Grain ........ J 4?'0 370.0 .............. 3'5 ........ 13'0 Ry ralculalion .. 1.00 Ry calculation 3.7 Grain as.. 100 1no Grain as 10'1 264 Straw ........ 698'0 920 0 .............. 54'0 ........ 79'0 By calculation . . 0'97 by calculation 1.4 Asli.. .... 2'4 3'5 As11 as 100 35 1 --_ --Total.. .... 840'0 1290'0 {Weight of Ash 92.0 PhosphnricArid i lWg7 ............5'1 Straw as.. ion 100 Straw as 100 132 3'5 1'0 Ash ...... 7'7 8'6 Ash as 1~0 146 Weight of Barley sown 120'0 120'0 in barley sown 1__ ........ -{ in Barleg sown] 20 - .-Gain.. .... 720'0 1170'0 Gain .... 54'0 Gain.. 89'5 Gain .. . . '97 Gain .. 4.1 4. Red Sandstone Led- bury Hereford-shire :-Grain ........ 769'0 410'0 .............. 20'5 ::::::: 1;::;-1 By calculation .. 5-85 By experiment 5'60 Grain as 100'0 100'00 Grain as 100 53'5 Straw ........ 1991'0 1230'0 .............. 159'0 By calcnla~ion.. 2'68 By calculation 1'60 Ash .... 2'68 3.79 Ash as 100 75.0 _. --__ -Total.. .... 2760'0 1660'0 Weight of Ash 15g'5 ....... 7.40 Straw as 100.0 100.00 Stiaw as 100 62.5 120'0 120.0 ............ 100 Ash ....8'00 8'40 A511 ;LS 100 65.0 Weight of Barley sown --{in Barley sown } 3'j c Gain ...... 2610'0 1540'0 Gain .... 176'0 Gain.. 116'1 Gain ...... 7.73 Gain .. 6'40 5. Magnesian Lime-stone Roche Abbey Derbyshire ;-Grain ........ 227'0 496'0 .............. 5'5 ........ 17.3 By experiment .. 150 By calculation 4'95 Grain as 100'00 100'CO Grain as 100 213'0 Straw ........ --.............. 540 ........ 143'0 By calculation .. 0.97 By calculation 2-58 Ash .... 2.42 3'45 Ash as 100 314'0 793'0 1470-0 --. 7'53 Straw as 100'0 100'00 str:lw as in0 196'0 Total.. .... 1020'0 1966'0 {Weight of Ash 59'5 ........ 120'0 -Weight of Barley sown -120'0 -in Barley sown 13'5 ............ 100 Ash .... 6'85 9 SO Ash Llb 100 265.0 Gain ...... Bo0.0 1816'0 Gain ....560 Gain.. 156'8 I Gain.. .... 1'47 Gain .. 6.53 Rock in which Produce from the Ash obtained from the Crop in 1 the Barley was sown. Barley sown in 1 1 I 1854. 1854. 6. Micareous Slate near Unmanured. Glasgow :-Grain .......... 60 0 1'30 Straw .......... 342.0 28'30 Tot a1 ........ 402'0 29'60 Weight of Barley sown.. 15.0 Weight of Ash in Barley sown ..1 '44 _I__ -_____ Gain ........ 387'0 Gain .. 29'16 1854. 1854. Unmanu-Manured. Unmanuled. Manured. 7. Bangor Slate :-red. Grain .......... 75'0 330.0 .................... 2'20 7'00 ---.................... 71'00 Straw .......... 294'0 1222'0 18'00 --Total. ....... 369% 1552'0 20'20 78.00 Weight of Barley sown.. 15'0 15'0 {Weight of Ash in) o.44 Barley sown ....'44 Gain.. ...... 354'0 1537'0 19'76 67-66 8. Llanberris Slate :-Grain .......... 4'0 164.0 .................... 0'20 4'70 Straw .......... 27'0 466'0 .................... 2'30 ----27.80 Total. ....... 31'0 630.0 2'50 32'50 { Weight of Ash in Weight of Barley sown.. 15'0 15'0 --Barley sown .... '44 '44 Gain.. ...... 16'0 615.0 2.06 32'06 -1852. 1853. 1854. 1852. 1853. lax. 9. Cambrian Slate near Jnma-Unma-Manu-Unman ured. Unma-Manu-Dolgelly :-lured. mired. red. nured. red. Grain .......... 184'0 138.0 33n.o .............. 5.0 2'2 9'50 Straw .......... 836'0 155'0 448'0 .............. 54'5 17'7 -- --__--26.00 Total.. ...... 1020'0 293'0 778'0 59'5 19.9 35.50 Weight of Barley sown.. 120'0 120'0 15.0 { in Barley sown Weight-of Ash 1 3.5 3'5 '44 Gain........ 900.0 173.0 763'0 Gain .... 56'0 35'06 10. Clay Slate from Skiddaw Cumber- Jnma-Unma-Manu-land :-lured. nured. red. Grain .......... 290 0 127'5 350.0 .............. 7.6 2'8 10'10 Straw .......... 910.0 -150'0 -537'0 .............. 68.0 14'8 - 34'10 Total. ....... 1200'0 277'5 887 0 75-6 17'6 44'20 Weight of Ash Weight of Barley sown. 120.0 120'0 15'0 {in Barley sown 1 3.5 3'5 '44 Gain ........ 1080'0 157.5 8'12.0 Gain .... 72.1 14'1 43'76 ?oil of the Botanic Garden Oxford being made ground resting lanu-Manu-Manu-Mannred. Manu. on the Oxford Clay :-red. red. red. red. Grain .......... 428 591 565 .............. 9'5 17.0 16'00 Straw .......... 1695 .............. 127.0 178'0 100'00 1132 -1730 --____ Total........ 1560 2321 2260 136.5 195.0 116'00 Weight of Barley sown. . 120 120 15 Weight of Ash 3.5 3'5 '44 { in Barley sown 1 Gain.. ...... 1446 2201 a245 Gain.. .. 133'0 191'5 115'56 Relation between the Amount of Phosphoric Acid present in the Crop of Irganic and Inorganic Relation between the Matter existing in wo Crops the Ratic the Crop obtained in being in 1854. 1854. --Grain as.. .... 100~00 3y calculation .................................. 0'182 Ash .......... 2'16 3y ca!culation .................................. 0'510 Straw as.. .... 100'00 '€92 Ash.. ........ 6'80 ?hosphoric Acid in Barley sown ................ -125 Gain .......... -567 1854. 1854. 1854. Unmanured. Manured.inmanured Manured. Jnmanured Manured calculation. ....... 0'610 By experiment.. ...... 0'560 Grain 100 Grain 100 Grain 100 440 calculation.. ......0'323 By calculation.. ...... 1'280 Ash.. 2.9 Ash.. 2-1 Ash.. 100 317 0'962 1'640 Straw 100 Straw 1OC Straw 100 410 osphoric Acid in 3arley sown ....I 0.125 ...................... '125 Ash.. 6'1 Ash.. 5'1 Ash.. 100 394 Gain ...... 0'837 Gain ...... 1'715 calculation.. ...... 0.062 By calculation.. ...... 0,652 Grain 100 Grain 10( Grain 100 4100 calculation.. ...... 0'041 By calculation.. ...... 0'500 Ash.. 5'0 Ash 2'6E Ash.. 100 2350 0'103 1'152 Straw 100 Straw 10( Grain 100 1730 Loss ......-_'22 { Phosphoric Acid in '125 Ash.. 8'5 Ash.. 6' Ash.. 100 1200 Barley sown ....I -_ osphoric Acid in Gain ......1'027 jarley sown ....I 0.125 I I 1852. 1853. 1854. 1852. 11853. 1854. 1852. 1853. 1854. -I-I- Unmanured. Unmanured. Manured. -l---I zxperiment 1'500' By experiment 0'55 By experiment 1'26( 3rain 100 100 100' :rain IO( 72.5 180.0 calculation 0 970 By experiment 0.50 By calculation 0'47E kh.. 2.50 1'60 2.87 rsh.. 1OC 75 180 -I Total.. 2'470 Total .. 1'05 Total.... 1.73C Straw 100 100 100' ;trawl00 18'0 53'0 osp. acid Lsh.. 6'50 11.4 5'80 &h..100 18'5 53'5 !sent in 11-001 .............. 1-00 ............ -'125 rley sown experiment 1-0 By experiment 0'25 By experiment 1'400 ;rain 100 100-0 100' irain 100 44 121 calculation 1.2 By calculation 0'26 By calculation 0.660 ish.. 2'62 2'2 2'88 rsh.. IOU 3i 133 z -Total .. 2.2 Total ..0'51 Total.... 2-060 itraw 100 100'0 100' traw100 16-6 69 osp. Acid .sh..7'50 9.9 6'30 LSh.. 100 21-6 60 +ent in} 1.0 LOSS .. 0'49 ............ '125 rley sown --Phosp. Acid -Gain ,. 1.2 {present in} 1-00 Gain.. ,. 1.935 Barley sown I experiment 2'6 By experiment 6'9 By experiment 2'840 :rain 100 100'0 100' lrain ~cC 137 151 calculation 2'3 By caiculation 3'2 By calculation 1'8CO sh.. 2'08 2.88 2'83 ,sh.. 100 179 169 Total .. 9-1 Total.. .. 4'640 traw 100 100.0 100' trawl00 153 150 ,sh 10'30 10'31 5-90 .sh.. 100 140 70'5 !sent 1'0 .............. 1'0 ............ *I25 rley aown I Gain .. -1 3.9 Gain .. 8.1; Gain .... 4'515 I I -

ISSN:1743-6893    

DOI:10.1039/QJ8550700289

出版商:RSC    

年代:1855

数据来源: RSC

摘要:

304 MR. R. C. BROl’fTE ON XXVII.-hrotice of Farther Expcril-lzenfs as to the Heditciion of Metallic Oxides by the Peroxide of Barium. By B. C. BR~DIE, F.R.S. SECRETARY TO THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY. The following experiments were made in continuation of an inquiry relating to the laws of the formation of the elemental bodies which appeared some time since in the ‘(Transactions of the Royal Society.” To render them intelligible I may briefly recall the general results of that investigation. It was known from the experiments of Thdnard that when the peroxide of hydrogen is p’laced in contact with certain metallic oxides both substances are decomposed. This decomposition which was not in harmony with prevalent ideas as to the nature of chemical decom- positions had received the occasional attention of chemists but never been made the subject of experiment.It occurred to me that this event was a chemical change of a peculiar kind in which two particles of oxygen fulfilled the same function and produced the same results as in ordinary decompositions were produced by tfrc particles of two elements,-as for example of oxygen and hydrogen,-and that the reduction which took place was due to the chemical combination of the oxygen from the peroxide of barium with the oxygen from the reduced oxide. From this point of view I made experiments as to the ratio in which the oxygen was evolved from the two Substances. These experiments while they confirmed these views have opened out a new and further field of research.Experiment showed that the loss of oxygen from the reduced oxide bore a definite but yet a variable ratio to the loss from the peroxide of barium; that in all cases this ratio was comprised between two limits; the amount of reduction might be almost indefinitely diminished in which case the action of the metallic oxide approached to that action of platinum or carbon which goes by the name of catalysis; and that by changing the circumstances the amount of reduction might be so increased as to approach very closely to a loss of equal equivalents of oxygen from the two substances This loss of equal equivalents was realised in the case of the action of a mixture of iodine and water upon peroxide of barium in which experiment water itself may be regarded as the oxide reduced.The ratios intermediate between these limits indicated a remarkable law. This ratio varied with several circumstances,-with the nature of the chemical substance reduced with the temperature and with the mass. It appeared that when the relative proportion of the THE REDUC'I'ION OF METALLIC OXIDES. substances was varied other circumstances being the smie this ratio changed not continuously but by intermittent steps ;so that while at certain points there appeared to be a continuous increase of loss as the quantity of thi mctallic oxide was increased at certain other points this quantity ttiight be very greatly varied without any altera- tion of the ratio. Since these experiments the existence of this law in other cases of the action of mass has been placed beyond a doubt by the researches of Bunsen and of Debus.The method by which niy experiments were conducted was not sufficiently exact to bring out these numerical resrilts with the accuracy desirable and I turned my attention to other modes of effecting this object. The plan I have adopted is that of acting upon weighed quantities of the peroxide of barium with solutions of metallic salts of known strengtli. I have thrown into the annexed table the result of some of these experiments which were made with solutions of nitrate of silver. The oxygen was measured by the amount of silver reduced which was determined as chloride. The ordinates measure this loss of oxygen the oxygen in the peroxide being estimated at 100.Tn the series marked A and B the temperature was varied while the strength of the silver solution was the same the quantity of which taken cor-responded to two equivaIents in relation to the oxygen in the peroxide. The variations of temperature are indicated by the abscissa. Different preparations of the peroxide of barium were used in the two series of experiments. In series -4 assuming the oxygen in the peroxide as 100 the oxygen corresponding to the silver reduced at the temp ratures looo 7S0,70° 63' 60° 55O SOo 40°3 30° 7O Oo was 39 39 40 42 45 47 50 52 52 55 65. In series B the oxygen corrcsponding to the silver reduced at the temperature LOO" ?tio 65O 40° SO'> So was 43 44>48 60 60 67. Temperature .. 1000 900 800 700 605 50° 40° 301 20" loo 0" hiass ..........50 100 150 200 250 3:O 350 400 450 500 550 OD VOL. VlX.-NO. XXVIII. x MR. B. C. BRODIE ON It will be perceived that in each of these series of experiments there are two intervals of constant action. These intervals lie in both cases between 100' and 759 and between 40' and 30'. The exact length and position of these intervals the experiments are not sufficiently numerous to determine. This indicates the existence of a law in the case of temperature analogous to theelaw of niass. The dotted lines give the result of three series of experiments in which the temperature and the strength of the solution were constant but the quantity of the solution employed was varied. The abscissa in this case gives the amount of the solution taken as measured by the oxygen equivalent to the amount of silver contained in it.Thus where the nurnbers 50 100 150 appear in the lower line the solu- tion employed contained $ an equivalent 1equivalent and 18 equi-valents of oxygen relative to the amount of oxygen in the peroxideof barium. The experiments indicated by the line c were made at 100' C. The loss of oxygen corresponding to the quantities 50 100 150 200 300 and 400 were 50 50 52 53.5 53.5 53 5. Here again appear two constant intervals of action namely where the variation was from 4to i equivalent and froni 2 to 4equivalents. The line d relates to experiments made with the same preparation of peroxide as in c and with the same solution but at a temperature of i4O to 15' C.The loss of oxygen as given by experiment corre- sponding to the quantities of solution indicated by the nurnbers 50 100 150 200,250 300 350 400 500 and 600 was 46.6 68.2 73.4 73.6 72.8 72.7 72.3 71.6 72.0 71.5. The mean of the last eight experiments gives 72.7 which is the number given in the table. The experiments were made at the temperature of the air. The experiments 1 2 3 4 were made at one time the experiments 5 6 7 8 9 10 at another. The slight variation which these latter numbers present is probably due to an alteration of temperature. In this case the action is constant after the quantity has been increased beyond 1; equivalents. The experiments E were made at a temperatnre of about 8' C. with the same preparation of peroxide as in the last series but with a solution containing half the quantity of nitrate of silver compared with the solutions used in the two preceding series.The aniouiit of oxygen lost corresponding to the quantities 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 was 48 53 65 67 68 69 70 70. In this case the maximum action was reached when 3%equivalents of the solution were employed. There is pet a third variable besides temperature and absolute mass which from the very nature of the experiment it is not possible THE REDUCTION OF METALLIC OXIDES. to render constant. The action varies not only with the absolute quantity of the silver solution employed but also with the strength of that solution. Now the amount of silver in the solution from the very decomposition which takes place must change at every moment of the experiment.This variation has doubtless an iniportant influence on the result; and although it cannot be entirely eliminated yet it is obvious that in the case of large quantities of the solution the relative alteration of the solution is much less than with small quantities and it is probable that after that point where the action becomes constant this effect is so small as not to be perceptible. The variations exhibited in the above experiments are with some sub-stances much greater than with others and in certain cases do not exist. For example a solution of chloride of gold gave almost the very same ainount of reduced gold whether the experiment was made at loo" or at the temperature of the air and whether the solution were concentrated or diluted with many times its bulk of water.The reduced gold corresponded to a loss of about 80 parts of oxygen from the solution to 100 from the peroxide. In a recent number of Liebig's Annalen Professor Wohler who does not seem to be aware either of the theoretical views which have been put forward or of the experiments which have already been made upon this subject states that when a solution of peroxide of hydrogen in hydrochloric acid is acted'upon by peroxide of manganese that the oxygen evolved is exactly twice the oxygen due to the decomposition of the peroxide of hydrogen alone. The pro- bable cause of the deviation which in any case appears from this result is the simultaneous decomposition of the peroxide of hydrogen by two operations which iii the present state of our knowledge we must regard as distinct,-namely by the chemical action of the metallic oxide and by that actioii which is termed catalytic and which is produced either by the oxide itself or by the reduced metal which- is formed.On the nature of this so-called catalytic action or on the propriety of this term I am passing no opinion but am simply referring to a fact. In the experiment with iodine above alluded to this latter operation is entirely eliminated and it is pos- sible that in the form of Professor Wohler.'s experiment the same result may be obtained. In the numerous experiments how- ever which I have myself made upon this subjcct I have not absolutely attained this result except in the single instance referred to.By acting upon a mixture of peroxide of lead and peroxide of barium with dilute acetic acid I have obtained a loss of 90 parts of oxygen from the peroxide of lead and with peroxide of nickel 308 MR. P. FIELD’S ANALYSIS OF SURFACE-SOIL PROM ATACAMA. in one experiment a yet greater loss; but in every experiment with similar substances there was a certain deficiency. An interesting case of the reduction of peroxide of manganese is afforded by the mineral pyrolusite. In four experiments with this substance made with dilute acetic acid in which one equivalent of peroxide of barium was taken respectively to 44 2 1 and 1equivalents of the pyrolusite the loss of oxygen from the pyrolusite to 100 parts of oxygen in the peroxide of barium was 498 48.9 49.1 50.9. The amount of reduction on the other hand exhibited by the mineral braunite was very trifling :the action of this substance was nearly the same as that of platinum.

ISSN:1743-6893    

DOI:10.1039/QJ8550700304

出版商:RSC    

年代:1855

数据来源: RSC

摘要:

308 MR. P. FIELD’S ANALYSIS OF SURFACE-SOIL PROM ATACAMA. XXVIIL-Analysis of a Surface-soitfrom the Desert oJ Atacama. By FREDERICK FIELD. On the confines of the Desert of Atacama a few miles to the east of the port of Caldeca in the north of the republic of Chile the soil for many leagues round; has a perfectly white appearance,. exactly as though it had been covered by a recent fall of snow. On investi- gation it appears to consist of a white crystalline matter which extends to the depth of six or eight inches below the surface; and on digging one or two feet deeper large quantities of water are dis-covered highly impregnated with saline matter. If the white sub-stance be carefully scraped away leaving an apparently clean surface of sand exposed to the air crystals gradually form and in a few weeks the spot is as white as before.The following is the composition of the substance taken from many parts of the locality above mentioned affording a pretty correct illustration of the surface-soil of this part of the desert of Atacama :-100 grnm gave Soda . . 27.17 Sulphuric acid . 42.60 Chlorine . 9.63 Linie . . 6-72 Magnesia 4.75 Water . . 12.30 with traces of oxide of iron potash and carbonic acid. MR. R..ADIE ON SOME PROPERTIES OF ZINC AND SILVER. 309 Deducting an equivalent of sodium for the formation of the chloride the following numbers are obtained :-Sulphate of soda . 41.77 Sulphate of lime . . 16-32 Sulphate of magnesia . . 13.75 Chloride of sodium . .15.60 Water . 12-30 99.74 with traces of oxide of iron and carbonates of lime and soda. This substance is perfectly soluble in cold water if added in sufficient quantities and digested with it for a long time; dilute hydrochloric acid dissolves it readily with scarcely perceptible effer- vescence. It is slightly alkaline to test-paper,-due probably to a trace of carbonate of soda. When dissolved in water at 100' F. and allowed to cool it deposits large crystals of sulphate of soda. I have sent home a specimen of the soil and also some crystals of sulphate of soda produced from it by simple solution and crystallisation. One pound of the soil produces more than its own weight of crystallised sulpbate of soda. I am now engaged upon an investigation of the subsoil taken three feet below the surface of the desert. NoTE.-I may mention that should it be agreeable to the Fellows of the Society I intend to send home the results of some investigations of soils,minerals and waters found in the Desert of Atacama. The mineral waters especially from the interior of the desert in the republic of Bolivia seem to me to possess much interest.

ISSN:1743-6893    

DOI:10.1039/QJ8550700308

出版商:RSC    

年代:1855

数据来源: RSC

摘要:

MR. R.. ADIE ON SOME PROPERTIES OF ZINC AND SILVER. 309 XXIX.-On some of the Thermo-electric Properties of the Metals Zinc mid Silver. By RICHARDADIE. A zinc and silver therrno-electric couple is known to reverse the direction of the current of electricity generated by heating it when the temperature of the joint is raised above 248O as described by the late Professor Daniel1 in his Introduction to Chemical Philosophy p. 468 This peculiar property I have made the subject of the following experiments which I hope may prove interesting for they 310 Mlt. R. ADIE ON SOME PROPElt'l PiL <iF ZINC AVD SILVER. show Bow completely thermo-electrical currents are governed by resistance to conduction in the joints of the couples. EXPERIMENT piece of zinc wire was soldered to a piece of I.-A silver by pure bismuth for a solder and the joint was made strong with a large surface of bismuth in contact with the metals.On heat- ing this couple by dipping the joint in oil raised to different tem- peratures the reversal of the current alluded to above mas observed; for temperatures under %OD zinc was positive and for temperatures above that point silver was the positive element. EXPERIMENT 11.-The same zinc and silver as in the last experi- ment with bismuth surface in contact with the metals made as small as practicable. The heat was applied by dipping the joint in oil raised to various temperatuces from 100' to 360' and in all the silver was the positive metal. The peculiar property of the reversal of the current as the temperature passed a certain point had disappeared with a change in the joint,.which had only increased its resistance to conduction.EXPERIMENT 111.-The same zinc and silver couple employed with a joint formed without solder. The two surfaces of the metals were cleaned and bound firmly together with thread with only small pofiions of each element in contact. The result of this experiment was the same as No. 2 ;the silver stood positive for all temperatures. EXPERIMENT 1V.-The same zinc and silver were joined by a bismuth soldering so as to form a continuous straight wire with a bismuth joint in it of which the surface in contact with the metals was nearly equal to the section of the wires. When heat was applied to the zinc wire about two-tenths of an inch from the joint silver was positive for a11 temperatures.And ivhen heat was applied in a similar manner to the silver wire the zinc became the positive metal for all temperatures. In this experiment the direction of IheUflow of heat across the joint governed thnt qf I he thermo-electric current generated; it is a result which I have met with in many other thermo-electrical couples tested in like manner. EXPERIMENT V.-A piece of zinc wire cut in two halves forrried the couple for this experiment with the joint formed by tying them firmly together for temperatures under 300° this arrangement showed very slight thenno-electrical effects ;for higher teniperatures more decided evidence of electrical action was obtained but the direc- tion of the currents generated was not regular.EXPERIMENT V1.-The same pieces of zinc as for the last experi- ment No. 5 with a bismuth joint formed in the same manner as for experinlent No. 4. This formed a delicate therrno-electrical couple. MA W. GOULD ON THE PREPARATION OF METHYLIC ALCOHOL. 811 When the right side of the joint was heated the left wire was positive ; and wheii the left side .was heated the right became positive these effects could be readily shown by grasping the wires in the fingers. A similar experiment was made with a silver wire cut iu two. EXPERIMENT VI1.-A piece of silver wire and a bar of bismuth formed the couple for this experiment. It may be premised that bismuth is a metal strongly positive to every other and that the object in view was to endeavour to exhibit it as a negative element #or the joint the point of the silver wire was heated in sulphur until it was thickly coated with a sulphide of silver and the sulphuretted portion was tied firmly down to the bismuth.On heat being applied to the silver the couple did not become active* till the temperature was near 400° when the bismuth sliowed itself the positive metal. On heat being applied to the bismuth bar near the joint the couple became active as before at a high temperature and silver stood as a positive thermo-electric element to bismuth. The experiment was tried with a thin coat of sulphide on the silver when the couple became active at a lower temperature; but bismuth then stood positive to silver when heat was applied on its side as well as when heat was given on the silver side. Experiments like these showing the direction of thermo-electrical currents to be under control can be multiplied in great variety.

ISSN:1743-6893    

DOI:10.1039/QJ8550700309

出版商:RSC    

年代:1855

数据来源: RSC

摘要:

MA W. GOULD ON THE PREPARATION OF METHYLIC ALCOHOL. 811 XXX.-On the Preparation of Methylic Alcohol. By WILLIAM GOULD,Student of University College. Kane’s process for the preparation of methylic alcohol by satu-rating crude wood-spirit with chloride of calcium aad distilling over the water-bath generally yields but a small quantity of the pure product. I have tried it with various qualities of commercial wood-spirit and in most cases have obtained not more than two or three ounces of pure methylic alcohol from a gallon of the crude spirit. A specimen of Parisian wood-spirit was found to produce the greatest quantity of the pure alcohol; but even in that case the pure product was in small proportion to the original substance,-the greater quantity of the liquid consisting of lignone acetone enipyreumatic oils &c.To obtain pure lignone crude wood-spirit was treated with an equal quantity of ti saturated aqueous solution of chloride of calcium whereupon a separation of empyreumatic oils took place * A delicate galvanometer showed no indication of the passage of an electrical curreiit 312 MR. 1%’. UOULD ON THE PKEPAHA’l’ION OF METIITLIC ALCOEIOI.. which floated to the snrface in quantity equal to at least one-eighth of the bulk of the original substance. This was separated the lower stratum treated with dry chloride of calcium and submitted to the process of upward distillatioil ,dry chloride of calcium being actded as long as any continued to be dissolved by which a further quantity of the oils was thrown up to the surface; the solution was then distilled and lignone obtained which after desiccation boiled at 61° to 66’.The oils separated by solution of chloride of calcium were treated with a solution of caustic alkali which gave rise to a strong action and evolved great heat. The resulting liquid was found to contain niethylic alcohol lignone acetic acid and some resinous substance. When crude wood-spirit is treated with an equal vohnie of a strong solutioii of caustic potash or soda a tolerably strong action takes place accompanied by a rise of temperature arid forniatiou of a homogeneous solution; on distillation the residue is found to consist of acetate of soda with a small quantity of resinous matter it yields a very large quantity of acetic acid.The distillate was desiccated by catbonate of potash saturated with dry chloride of calcium and distilled at lobo C. The resulting compound of methylic alcohol and chloride of calcium was clecom-posed by wrater in the usual manner. and the methylic alccrhol thus obtained was dehydrated by distilling over quick-lime. The product was in very much larger quantities than that which is obtained without the use of caustic alkali. The liquid distilled off from the methy later1 chloride of calciuni was treated with a solution of caustic potash which separated some oils mixed with acetone and a sniall quantity of methylic alcohol. In the first treatment by caustic alkali the oils and acetone had been held in solution by the greater quantity of metliylic alcohol then present.The potash solution was distilled and the distillate after desiccation separated by dry chloride of calcium into methylic alcohol and pure acetone the latter being soluble in water from which it was again separated by chloride of calcium or potash. The oils and acetone were separated by mixing with water which dissolved the acetone the oils sepwating out and floating to the surface. The acetone was precipitated from its aqueous solution by potash and thereby sepai*ated from a small quantity of niethylic &oh01 which had dissolved i!i it. Methylic alcohol and acetic acid are the principal substances con- tained in crude wood-spirit acetone and oils being also found in colllpamtively sinall qtiantitics.

ISSN:1743-6893    

DOI:10.1039/QJ8550700311

出版商:RSC    

年代:1855

数据来源: RSC

摘要:

PROCEEDINGS AT THE MEETINGS OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY. November 6 1854. PROFESSOR GRAHAM,Vice-president in the Chair. The followiug donations were announced :-“The Literary Gazette :” for July August September and October from the Publishers. “The Journal of the Society of Arts :” for July August September and October from the Society. “The Journal of the Photographic Society :” for July August September and October from the Society. “The Pharmaceutical Journal :” for July August September and October from the Editor. “The Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society:’’ from the Society. ‘I Sitzungsberichte der kaiserlichen Akademie der Wisseuschaften in Wien.” ‘‘Berichte uber die Verhandlungen der naturforschendkn Gesell- schaft in Basel.” The following gentlemen were duly elected Fellows of the Society :-Robert Mortimer Glover M.D.F.R,.S.E.,Royal Free Hospital Gray’s Inn Lane. James Taylor Esq. 5 Burchfield Terrace East India Road. Newton Samuelson Esq. 11 Temple Court Liverpool. Henry hl. Noad Ph.l). Bark Place Bayswater. Robert Hunt Jun. Esq. Governnient School of Mines Sydney. Isaac Newton Loomis M.D. of Macon in the State of Georgia U.S. PROCEEDINffS OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY. 814 The following gentlemen were duly elected Associates of the Society :-Mr. Henry Buff St. Bartholomew’s Hospital. Mr. Richard Tuson St. Bartholomew’s Hospital. A paper was read :-“ On the Analysis of a Surface-soil from the Desert of Atacama :” by Frederick Field. At the request of the Chairman Dr.Williamson brought under the notice of the meeting a communication ‘‘ On some new Derivatives of Chloroform,” by Mr. George Kay a Student in University College which had been published in the “Journal of the Chemical Society” during the recess; and Dr. Gilbert stated the result of an investigation by Mr. Lawes and himself of the quantities of ammonia and nitric acid in rain-water. November 20 1854. Dr. WILLIAMSON, Vice-president in the Chair. Mr. James Taylor was introduced and admitted a Fellow of the Society. The following donations were announced :-“The Literary Gazette :” from the Publishers. “The Journal of the Franklin Institute:” from the Institute. (‘Memoirs of the Literary and Philosophical Society of Manchester :” vol.ii. from the Society. “Seventeenth Annual Report of the Council of the Art-Union of London :” from the Art-Union. ‘(Comparative Statement of the different plans of Decimal Ac-counts and Coinage; by T. W. Rathbone Esq. :” from the Author. “ Sur l’Electricit6 des Nuages orageux par M. Quetelet :” from the Author. ‘‘Jahrbuch iler kaiserlich-koniglichen geologischen Reichsanstalt Wien.” Mr. Griffin made a verbal communication on some points re-lating to chemical notation and expressed his intention of bringing the subject more formally before the Society on a future occasion. PROCEEDINGS OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY. December 4 1854. COLONELP H ILIP Y ORKE President in the Chair. The following donations were announced :-‘I Specimen of Surface-soil from the Desert of Atacania :” from Mr.F. Field. ‘‘ Specimen of Malachite (Australian) :” from Mr. G. Whipple. ‘‘The Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society :” from the Society. ‘r Silliman’s American Journal :” from the Editors. “A Lecture on the Importance of the Study of Chemistry as a Branch of Education,” delivered at the Royal Institution by Dr. Daubeny from the Author. ‘‘ The Journal of the Society of Srts :” from the Society. Ir The Journal of the Photographic Society :” from the Society. A paper was read :-“On the preparation of pure Pyroxylic Spirit by William Gould :” communicated by Dr. Williamson. December 18 1854. COLONEL PHILIPYORKE,President in the Chair. The following donations were announced :-r( Proceedings of the Literary and Philosophical Society of Liver- pool during the Forty-third Session 1853-54 :” from the Society.“The Literary Gazette :” froni the Publishers. The Journal of the Society of Arts :” from the Society. The following gentlemen were duly elected Fellows of the Society :-Fletcher Norton Esq. 5 Stanhope Street Charles Loudon Bloxam Esq. King’s College. Charles W. Heaton Esq. Lime Street. John S. Abel Esq. Coquimbo Chili. The following papers were read :-“On the Produce obtained from Barley sown in Rocks of various ages:” by Charles Daubeny WD. F.R.S. F.C.S. ‘(Notice of further Experiments as to the Reduction of Metallic Oxides by the Peroxide of Barium :” by B. C. Rrodie F.R.S.

ISSN:1743-6893    

DOI:10.1039/QJ8550700313

出版商:RSC    

年代:1855

数据来源: RSC

摘要:

TITLES OF CHEMICAL PAPERS IN BRITISH AND FOREIGJX JOURNALS PUBLISHED IN THE YEAR 1854. A. Acetone.-Researches on Acetone by B. Siadeler. Ann. Ch. Phys. [3] xlii. 227; J. pr. Chem. Ixii. 115. -On the theory of acetone by G. Chancel. J. pr. Chem. Ixii. 320. _I 011 the action of hydrochloric acid on a mixture of acetone and alcohol by lames Spencer. Chem. Soc. Qu. J. vii. 247. A c-i d Ace t i c.-Preparation of pure acetic acid on the large scwle from the distillation-products of wood by R.0. ReichenBach. Pharrn. J. Trans. xiii. 433. -Volumetric determination of the strength of acetic acid. Pharm. J. Trans. xiii. 405. -On a method of analysis applicable to the quantitative estimation of nitric and acetic acids by J.H. GZuiZstone. Chem.Gaz. 1854 308. -Estimation of acetic acid by C. G. FViZZianis. Pharm. J. Trans. xiii. 594. Acid Acoui tic.-On the occiisrence of aconitic acid iu Delphinium Conaolida by W. Wicke. Am. Ch. Pharm. xc. 98; J. Pharm. [3] xxri. 79 ; Chem. Gsz. 1854 388 ; Pharm. J Trans. xiv. 278. Acid Ange1icic.-On angelicic and cinnamic acid by A. Chiozza. Ann. Ch. Phys. [3] xxsix. 436; J. pr. Chem. Ixi. 231. Acid Anissmic.-on anisamic acid by N. Zinin. Bull. de St. PQtersb.C1. Phys.-math. xii. 236; Chem. Gaz. 1854,280. Acid Antliranilic.-On aithrauilic benzainic and carbmilic acids by W.B. Gerland. Chem. Gaz. 1854 61. Acid Arachinic.-On aracbinic acid by Dr. Giissmmn. Ann. Ch. Pharm lxxsix. 1. Acid Benzamic.-On benzamic acid by W. B. Gerland. Ann. Ch. Pharm. xci.183. Acid Benzoglyco1ic.-New method of preparing benzoglycolic acid by A. Gossmann. Ann. Ch. Pharrn. xc. 181 C1:em. Gaz. 1854 310. Acid Ben z o ic.-On the alcoliol corresponding to benzoic acid by S.Can-nizzaro. Ann. Ch. Pharrn. Ixxxviii. 129. -An attempt to obtain the acids homologous with benzoic acid from the corre6l)onding hydrocarbons by Jams Spencer Cheni. SOC. Qu. J. sii. 24.5. TITLES OF CHEMICAL PAPERS IN OTHER JOURNALS. 317 A c<d Boracic.-On some little known reactions of boracic acid and the borates by Ch. Fessier. Cornpt. rend. xxxix. 192. ; Chem. Gaz. 1854 358 ; J pr. Chem. Ixiii. 7. -On the production of boracic acid and ammonia by volcanic action by R. Waring60n. Chem. Gaz. 1834 419 ; Pharm. J. Trans. xiv.234. -On the compounds of boracic acid and water with alumina by H. Bose. Pogg. Ann. xci. 452; Chem. Gaz. 1854 210; J. pr. Chern. lxii. 32. -Influence of boracic acid upon solution. Pharm J. Trans. xiv. 231. Acid Cap ric.-Oocurretice of capric acid in potato fusel-oil by S FY.Johnston. J. pr. Chem. lsii. 262. Acid C arb a z o ti c.-On the pliysiologicnl properties of carbazotic acid by F.C. Caioert. Pharm. J. Trans. xiv. 232. A ci d Car b on ic.-,4ction of carbonic acid on quinine an3 cinchonine ; for-mation of crystallised carbonate of quinine by H.Zanglois. Ann. Ch. Phys. [3] xli. 89 ; J. Pharm. [3] xxvi. 132. -On the useof hydrogen gas and carbonic acid gas to displace sulphuretted hydrogen in the analysis of mineral waters by F.B.Rodyers and B. 3,Rodgers. Sill. Am. J. [2] xviii. 213; Chenr. Gaz. 1854,410. -On an apparatus for estimating carbonic acid by 8. de Luca. J. Pham. [3] xxiv. 398 ; xsv. 32. -Modification of the apparatus for the estimation of carbonic acid J pr. Chem. lxi. 90. Acid Cinnamic.-On angelicic and cinnamic acids by L. Chiozza. J. pr. Chem. lxi. 231. -On angelicic and cinnamic acids by 1;. Chiozza. Ann. Ch. Phys. [3] xxxix. 435. Acid Ci tric.-Substitutes for citric and tartaric acids and their salts in dyeing. Yhttrm. J. Trans. xiv. 68. -On the improved manufacture of citric and tartaric acids alone or con- jointly with the manufacture of bitartrate of potash tartrate of soda and potash nitrate of potash binoxnlate of potash carbonate of soda carbonate of potash and certain citrtttes and tartrates (continued).Pharm. J. Trans. xiii. 313,370. -On the action of citric tartaric and oxalic acids on cotton and flax fibres under tlie influence of dry heat and pressure of steam by 3.C. Culveri. Chem. Gnz. 1854 440. Acid Ferricyanic.-On some compounds of ferricyanic acid with ethyl by Ei. L. Buf. Ann. Ch. Pharm. xci. 253. Acid Formic.-On tlie presence of formic acid in the human secretions by 1). Canybell. Chem. Gaz. 1854 52. Acid Gallic.-On the molecular constitution of tannin and of gallic acid :by 23. Robipuet. J. Pharm. [3] xxvi. 29; Pharm. J. Trans. xiv. 182, -On the action of gallic and ttlunic acids on irou and alumina mordaunts by F. C. Culvert. Chem. Gaz. 1854 440. Acid Hi p g u ri c.-Presence of hippuric acid in the scales of khthyyosis by J.Schlossberger. Ann. Ch. Phaxm. xc. 378 ; J.Pharm. [3] xxvi. 397 ; J. pr. Chem. Ixiii. 58. -On the formation of nitride of benzoyl froin hippuric acid by Dr. Limpicht and von Uslar. Ann. Ch. Pharm. lxxxviii. 133; Chom. SOC.Qu. J. vii. 191; J. pr. Chem. lxi. 511. ; J. Pharm. [3] sxvi. 72. TITLES OF CHEMlCAL PAPERS Acid H ydriodic.-Action of hydriodic acid upon glycerine; by Berthelof and Be Lucu. Conipt. rend. xxxis. 74%. Acid Hydrochloric.-On the decomposition of sulphate and phosphate of lime by hydrochloric acid by Cari-Huntrand. Compt. rend. xxxt.jii. 864; Cbem. Gaz. 1854 265. -On bydrochlcric acid as a test for lead in English sulphuric acid by P.BoZZey. Ann. Ch. Pharm. xci.213. Acid Hydrocyanic.-Spontaneous generRtion of hydrocyanic xi id in a medicinal compound by J. T.Pluntber. Pharrri. J. Tram xjii. 633. -On a new body produced from aldehyde amtnonia and bydrocianic acid by A. StreckeT. Ann. Ch. Pharm. xci. 348. -Detection of hydrocianic acid in a Iiuman body three weeks after death by Jf.Brame. Compt. rend. xxxix. 968. Acid 1odopyromeconic.-On a general method of substituting iodine for hydrogen in organic compounds and on the properties of iodopyro-meconic acid by J. F. &WE. Ed. Phil. Tram ; Phil. Xng. [4j viii. 201. Acid Lactic.-On some new conipounds of lactic acid by A.Strecker. Ann. Ch. Phartn. xci. 332. Acid 731 argar i c.-On margaric acid in the fat of cantharides :by 8.Gossanarm. Ann. Ch.Pharm. lxxxix. 123. A cid M oly b dic.-See JIolybdenum. Acid Niobic.-See .Xobiurn. Acid Nitric.-On a method of analysis applicable to tbe quantitative estima- tion of nitiic aud acetic acids by J. LT. Gladstone. Chem Gaz. 1854 308. -On the amounts of and methods of estimating ammonia and nitric acid in rain-water by J. B. Xawes and J. Z.Gilbert. Cltem. Gaz. 2854 415. -On the estimation of nitric acid accompariied by ttnimal matter applica- tion to tobacco by 2%.Schoesing. Ann. Ch. Phys. [3] xl. 479 ; Compt. rend. xxxvii. 858. -On a new method of estimating nitric acid either alone or accompanied by axotised organic matters otlier than ammonia by M. Martin. Corupt. rend. xsxvii. 917. -On the substitution cornpounds obtained by the action of nitric acid on -On the preparation of fuming nitric acid by C.Brztnner. Chew. Gaz. cotton by 23. 8.Hullow. Choin. SOC.Qu. J. rii. 201. ' 1854 240 ; J. pr. Chein. lxii. 38-1. -Iodine in crude nitric acid. a. pr. Chein. Ixii. 502. -Action of the solar rays on a misturs of nitric acid and sulphide of carbon by ilf. T8fereuu. Compt. rend. xxxix. 692. -Action of nitric acid on the chlorides of potassium and sodium by J.L. Smith. Cltem. Uaz. lHB,t 1%. Acid Ni tropicric.-On the action of bromine on nitropicric acid by J.Stenhouse. Phil. Magg.. [A] viii. 36 Acid Witrotartitric Acid.-Reselt~~ches on the derivirtives of nitrotartaric acid by iil. Dessaiggnes. Cornpt. rend. xxsrjii. 44 ; Aim. Ch. Pharm. 1xx xix. :3 ;3 9.IN BRITTSH AND FOREIGN JOURNALS. 4cid Nitrotoluy1ic.-On some of the products of the decotnpositioii of uitrotoluylic acid by H. M. Noad. Phil. Trans 1854 i. 43; Phil. Mag. [I] vii. 1.1,2; Chem. Gaz. 1854 34. Acid 0xal ic.-Crystallochemical monograph on oxalic acid and its salts by C.Ramnielsberg. (Part I.) Pogg. Ann. sciii. 24. -On the coinpounds of oxalic acid with the oxides of tin &c. by S. Ham ntann and J. LowenbRaZ. Ann. Ch. Pharm. lxxxix. 104; J. Pharm. [3] xxv. 234. -Action of oxalic acid 011 tho nitrates and chloric?es of potassium and sodium with a ready method of converting them into carboiiates by J. L. Smith. Chem. Gaz. 1834 12 ; Sill. Am. J. [2] xvi. 3'73. A ci d Ph o sp h o r ic.-On the slipposed volatilisation of phosphoric acid by R.Frewzius.Chm. Gaz. 1854 '74. Acid Phosphorous.-On some nev compounds of' phosphorous acid by R.Railton. Chern. Soc. Qu. J. vii. 216. Acid Picric.-On two new derivatives of picric acid by M. Pisani. Compt. rend. xxxix. 632; Chem. Gaz. 1e34 471. 7 On the action of bromine on picric acid by J Stenhouse. Ann. Ch. Phwm. xci. SO'?. Acid Propionic.-On a new mode of formation of propionic acid by 8.Strecker. Compt. rend. xxxix. 56 ; Chem. SOC.Qu. J. vii. 276 ; Chem. Gaz. 1854 309. Acid Pyromucic.-Preparation of pyromucic acid by iW.Arppe. Chem. Gaz. 1854 176. Acid Pyrotartaric.-On the amidesof pyrotartaric acid by A.Bzfi. Ann. Ch. Pharm. xci. 105. -On the aniiides of pyrotartaric acid by A. E. Arppe. Ann. Ch. Pharm.xc. 138. Acid Sebacic.-On a probably new mode of formation of sebacic mid by N. Wagner. J. pr. Chem. vii. 435 ; Ann. Ch. Phys. [3] xxxix. 494. Acid Sp irte o u s.-On a new source of spirteous acid by W. Wicke. Ann. Ch. Pharm. xci. 37-1. Acid Stearic.-On the composition of stearic acid by L. PebaE. Ann. Ch. Pharm. xci. 138. Acid Su1phopurpuric.-On the use of sulphopurpuric acid or red sulphate of indigo in the dyeing of worsted and silk by E. Hae#ely. Chem. Gaz. 1854 79; J. Pharm. [3? xxvi. 58. Acid Su1phuric.-On tho decomposition of sulphuric acid by pentachloride of phosphorus by A. W. TiZZiamsoiz. Proc. Roy. SOC.vii. 11; Chem Gaz. 1834 169; Chem. Soc. Qu. J. vii. 180; Ann. Ch. Phys. [3] xli. 489 ; Phil. Xag. [4] rii. 365. -On the occurrence of ozone and peroxide of hydrogen in the electrolysis of sulphuric mid by E,Meidinger.Chem. Soc. Qu. J. vii. 251. -Volumetric determination of combined sulphuiic acid by the alkalimetric method by Carl Noh. Ann. Ch. Pharrn sc. 165. -On the purification of s~ilphuric acid from nitric nitrous and arsenious acids by J. Lowe Chem. Gaz 1854 464. -Purification of sulphuric acid. J. pr. Chem. lxij. 502. -On hydrochloric acid as ti test for lead in English sulyhuric acid by P.Bolley. Ann. Ch. Pharm. xci. 113. TITLES OF CIIEMICAI. PAPERS Acid Sulp1turous.-On a very delicate test for certtiin reihiciug nqcnts siich as protochloride of' tin sulphurous acid &c. by JI.LGlce?zthaZ J. pr. Cliern. lx. 267 ; J. Ptiarrn. [3j xxv. 79. Acid Tannic.-Investigation of tannic acid hy A.Slreclrer. Ann. Cit. Pharm. xc. 328 ; abstr. Cotnpt. rend. xsxix. 4:); Cl~eni.SOC. Qu. J. vii. 271 ; Phil. Mag. [4]viii. 137; Chem. G~L. 1854 370 ; Ann. Ch. Phys. [3] xliii. 231. -On the occurrence of tannic acids in woody plants and their con-nection with the formation of wood by Petteenkufeer. Chem. Gax. 1854 369. -On the action of gallic and tannic acids on iron and aluniina mordaunts by 3'.C.Calvert. Chem. Gaz. 1854 442. Ac id T ant a1i c .-See Tuntulum. Acid Tartaric.-On the products of the distillation of tartaric acid by C. T'olckel. Am. Ch. Pharm. lsxxis. 57; Chem. Gaz. 1851 231. -Substitute for tataric and citiic acids and their salts in dyeing Pharm. J. Trans. xiv. 68. -:On substitutes for tartaric acid in dyeing by Prof.Bolley. Schwez. Gewerbeblatt. 1854 65 ; Chem. Gaz. 1854 453. Acid Tungstic.-See Tungsten. Acid Uric.-On the preparation of uric acid by E. Brppe. Chern. Gaz. 1854 153. Acid Valeriani c.-Prepination of valerianic acid from fusel.oi1 by G&zenberg. J.pr. Chem. lx. 169; Sill. Am. J. [2] xvii. 124. -On the preparation of the aldehyde of valerianic acid and on some of its compounds by R.Purkinson. Ann. Ch. Pharm. xc. 114. Acids.-On the constitution of acids and salts by 7T. Odling. Chem. SOC. Qu. J. vii. 1. -Critical observations ou Williamson's theory of water ethers and acids by Li. Kulbe. Ann. Ch. Phtlrm. xc'. 46; Chem. SOC. Qu. J. vii. 109. -On the theory of water ethers and acids by C.Gerhardt. Ann.Ch. Pharm. xci. 198. -On a new series of sulphuretteil acids by A. Kekuld. Proc. Roy. SOC. vii 37 ; Chem. Gaz. 1834,108 ; Ann. Ch. Pharm. xc. 309 ; Chem. SOC. Qu. J. vii. 188; Ann. Ch. Phys. xlii. 241. -On the acids of colza oil by G. Studelep. Ann. Clt. Phys. [3] xxi. 4'34. -On rape-oil and two new acids prepared from it by F. Websky. J. pr. Chem. lviii. 450 ;Chem. Gaz. 1854 21. -On the acids contained in certain fungi by I? Dessaiyza. Ann. Ch. Pharm. lxxxix. 120, -On the acid contained in unripe grapes by R.ScAwurtz. J. Pharm. [3] xxv. 80 Acids Anhydrous.-On anhydrous acids by C.Gerhardt. J. pr. Chem. hi. 266. -On the preparation of the anhydrous acids by G. ?+"#'under. J.pr. Cheni. lsi. 498 ; Chem.Gaz. 1834 205. -On some anhydrous acids by H. Mabrba. Ann. Ch. Pharrn. xci. 102. AEscul e t ine.-On resculetine and oil of maiorum by 3'.Rochleder. Wen. Akad. Ber. 13 169; Chem. Gaz. 1854 426. IN BRITISH AND POREIGN JOURNALS. 321 A3 sc uli n e.-On oesculine by F. Rochleder and R.Scftwartz. Chem. Gaz. 18.54,30. -On Eesculiae by Constunth Zwenger. Ann. Ch. Pharm. sc. 63; Chem. Gaz. 1854 301. Af f inity.-Researches on chemical affinity by X. Mizrgueritte. Compt. rend. sxxviii. 304. Agarics.-On the acids contained in certain agarics by P. Dessaignes. Ann. Ch. Phys. [3] xli. 93; J. Pharm. [3] xuvi 133; Anu Ch. Pharm. Ixxxix. 120 -Disiufection of poisonous agarics by B‘. Cadet-Gussicourt. J. Pharm. [3] xxv.70. Air -On filtration of the air considered in relation to putrefaction and fer-mentation by E. Scbriider and Dr. et. Dud. Ann. Ch. Pharm. lxxix 232 Ann. Ch. Phys. [3] xli. 189. Aj uga.-Analyses of tlic ashes of A’up reptans from various soils by C.nothe. Ann. Ch. Pharm. xc. 255; J. pr. Chem. Ixiii. 56. Albumin.-On a peculiar reaction of albuminous liquids on the addition of salts by R. Pirdow. dnu. Ch. Ptiarm. xci. 334. Alcohol.-On the reproduction of alcohol from ether by M. Berthelot. J. Pharm. [33 xuvi. 28. -On the concentration of alcohol in Sommering’s experiments by I! GruAam. Chem. Gaz. 1854 420. -On the preparation of alcohol from bc:stroot. Ly X. Busy. J. Pharin. [3] xxvi. 33. I_ On the detection of alcohol in judicial inve&-ations by 8.Strauch.Chem. Gaz. 1854 295. -Manufacturing process for converting lignin into sugar and alcoho by Jf. dmould. Compt. rend. xxxix. 807. __. On alcohol from asphdoel (iisphodelus rarrosus) by 31. CLerget. Compt. renci. wxix. 907. A lc o 11o1s.-Compound of amylic alcohol with chloride of calcium try 8.W. Johnston. J. pr. Cllem. Ixii. 264. _I On butylic alcohol by A. Wwtz. Ann. Ch. Phys. [3] xlii. 129; Compt. rend. xxxix. 335. -On the alcohol corresponding to benzoic acid by 8. Cannizzaro. Ann. Ch. Pharm. Ixxxviii. 129 ; Chem. SOC.Qu. J. vii. 102;furtAer Ann. Ch. Pharm. xc. 252. -On caproic alcohol by M. Faget. J.Pharm. [3] xsiv 397. xxxviii. 935 ; Chem. Gaz. 1854 231; J. pr. Chem. lxii. 265; Chem. -On the composition of castor-oil alcohol by A W.WiZk Ann. Ch. ___. On caprylic alcohol and its derivatives by J,Bouis. Compt. rend. SOC.Qu. J. vii. 286. Phys. [3] xli. 103; J. pr. Chem. lxi. 280. -Notice on cuminic alcohol Ann. Ch. Pliarm. xc. 384 ; Phil. Nag. [4 J viii. 555; Cheai. Gaz. 1854,432. -Occurrence of propplic alcohol in potato fusel-oil by 8. W. Johnston. J.pr. Chem. lxii. 262. -On an alcohol in the wax of Copeiniclia cenyera by N. S.Muskelyne. Chem. SOC.QU J. vii. 192. -On alcohol from couch-grass (Triticum reptns) by P.L. HOJ%LLNM. J. Pharm. [3] xxvi. 135; Compt. rend. uuxviii 1062. VOL. \’IL.--NO. xxl-111. Y TXTLES OF CHEMICAL PAPERS Alcohols.-A test of Williamson's theory of the alcohols and ethers by 2'.Vrghtson. Ann. Cb. Pharm. xc. 36. -On the preparation of methylic alcohol by 7K GOZGEII.Cl~em.SOC.Qu.J. vii. 311. Aldehyde.-Presence of aldehyde among the products of the distillation of sugar by M. YZZckeZ. J. Pharm. [3] xxvi. 15% -Acticn of iodide of methyl on aldehyde-ammonia by Jfan Stzenz Diez. Ann. Ch. l'harm. xc. 301 ; Chem. Gaz. 1954 366; J. pr. Chetn. lxiii. 55. -On ali~ehycle-Ammonia:by F.WohZer. Chem. Gaz. 1154,67. -On the prepmation of thl aldehyde of valerianic acid and on some of its compounds by R.Pdinson. Ann. Ch. Pharm. xc. 114; J. Pharm. [S] xxri. 395. -On a new body prodiiced from aldehyde-ammonia and hydrocinnic acid by A. h't'trecker. Aun. Ch. Pharm. xci ,340. A1ka1 ime try.-On hlohr's alkalimeter and the application of the volumetric process to the determination of the strength of acetic mid.Pkarm. J. Trans. xi% 405. -On a new method of alkalimetry by A. P.Price. Phil. Xag. [A] viii. 553; Chem. Gaz. 1854 438.-Remarks thereupon by J. Kggin. Ibid 452. Alka.lie s.-On the action of alkalies on rocks by 31 Delesse. Phil Mag. id] vii. 100. -Note on organic alkalies by H. Zfierniite. J. Pharm. [3] xxvi. 301. Alkaloids.-On the action of the hahgen compounds of' ethyl and niuyl on some vegetable alkaloids by H. How. Ed. Phil. Trans. xxi. pt. i,; Chem. Gaz. 1854 321 341 363. Allanto'in.-On some compounds of allantoh with oxides by 8,Limpric&. J. pr. Chem. lxii. 63 ; J. Pharm. [3] xxvi. 230. -Compounds of mercuric oxide with ttllanto'iu by H.LimpricAt. Ann Ch Pharm. Ixxxviii. 94. -Fermentation of allantoi'n. Ann. Ch. Pharrn. lxsxviii. 100. Alloys.-Analysis of an alloy by B. v. Gorup-Besanez. 9nu. Ch. Phwm. Ixxxix. 225. -Chemical examination of some alloys of copper and zinc by D.For&$. Chem. Gaz. 1854 393. -Alloy for rollers. Ann. Ch. Pharm. lxxxix. 225 ; J. pr. Chem. lxi. 60G. A1urn.-On the manufacture of alum and sulpliste of aiumiua. Pharrn. J. Trans. xiii. 621 674; xiv. 18. -Tron alum. Pharm. J. Trans. xiii. 307. Alumin&-On the estimation of alumina and sesquioxide of iron by F. voz Kobell. Ann. Ch. Pharm. xc. 251; Chem. Gaz. 1854 512; J. pr. Chem. lxii. 91. -On the separation of alumina and sesquioxide of iron by J. Gunning J. pr. Chem. Ixii. 318. -On tho acetates and other compounds of alumina by W.Cr!m. Ann. Ch. Pharm. lxxxix. 156; J. Pharm. [3] xxv. 499. -On the compounds of boracic acid and water with aIumina by H. &se. Pogg. Ann. xci. 452. -indirect iiiethod of dcteraiiiiing alumina and the oxides of iron when they occur together by J. TYPeren. Pogg. Ann. xciii. 456. IN BRITISH AND FOREIGN JOURNALS. Alum in at es. -Researches on the artificial formation of silicates and aluminates by the action of vapours on rocks by 8.Daubri. Compt. rend. xxxix. 135; J. pr. Chcni. Ixiii. 1. Aluminium.-On aluminium aiiil its compounds by H. Sle.-CZaire Uez;iZZe. Compt. rend. xxxviii. 279 ; Pogg. Ann. xci. 494 J. Pharm. [3] xsv. 248; Phil. Mag. [4] vii. 226. -On two modes of preparing aluminium and on a new farm of silicium by H.Ste.-Cla;ire Deuille. J. Pharrn. [S] xxvi. 2%; Compt. rend. xxxix. 321. -Preparation of aluminium by H. Ste.-Cluire BmilEg. Compt. rend. xxxix. 535. -Reply to M. Bnnsen’s observations on the preparation of aluminium with some remarks on sodium and its preparation by €I. Se.-Cluire DevilZe. Compt. rend. xxxix. 902. -Process for obtaining aluminium in globules from clay ; by 212 Chupelle Conipt. rend. xxxviii. 358. -On aluiniuium by 2’. W6hh. Cornpt. rend. xxxviii. b55; also by H. Deville ibid 857 ; Chem. Gaz. 1654,185. -On the metal duminiurn and its probable use in pharmacy by V.Hamillon. Pharm. J. Trans. xiv. 16. -Preparation of aluminium by electrolysis by G.Gore. J. pr. Chem. Ixi. 447 ; J. Pharm. [33 xsv. 475 ; Phil. Mag. [4]vii. 227. -Reduction of aluminium to the metallic state from disthene fused in the electric arc by M. Dgcivier. Compt. reod. xxxviii. 1066. A 1 monds.-Exanhation of the crystalline deposit which forms in oil of bitter almonds by J. Stenhouse. Phil. hhg. [43vii. 26; Ptiarm. J. Trans. xiii. 424. Am arine.-On the formation of amarine furfurine and a new organic base anisine by C.Bertagnini. Ann. Ch. Fhnrm. lxxxviii. 127; Chem. SOC.Qu. J. vii. 95. Am b er.-On cavities in amber filled with gases and liquids by D. Brewster. Pogg. Ann. mi. 605. Amhergria.-Discovery of ambergris in Courland. J. Pharm. [3] xxv. 49. Amides.-On the amides by C. Gerkurdt and A. Chiozza. Compt. rend.xxxviii. 457; J. pr. Chem. Ixii. 49; Ann. Ch. Pharin. xc. 103. -On the constitution of amides by 8. 77%rtz. Ann. Ch. Phys. [3 xlii. 43. -On the amides of pyrotartario acid by A. Bigi Ann. Ch. Pharm. xci. 105. Ammonia.-On the quantity of ammonia contained in rain water aud in the water deposited by fogs by 21.1; Boussinga&. Compt. red. xxxviii. 249. -On the quantity of ammonia contained in rain dew and fog collectec at ti considerable distance from towus by H. Boussi??gault. Ann. Ch. Phys. [3] XI. 129. -On the amounts of and methods of estimating ammonia and nitric acid in rain-water by J. B. Lames and J.H. Gilbert. Chem. Gsz. 1854,41:r -On the quantity of ammonia in rain water collected at a distance from towns by M.Boussingault. Colnpt. reid. xusvii. 793. -New researches on atmospheric Hmmoniu hp J. I.Pi2w-c. Ann C:l Phys. [s] xxxix. 428. TITLES OF CHEMICAL PAPERS Am m oni a.-On the formation of ammonia in respiration by MM Tiale and Latini. J. Pharm. [:<I ssvi. 299. -On tho oxidation of ammonia in the human body by H. Bence Jones. Proc. Roy. SOC. vii. 0-4; Chem. Gaz. 1854 317; Pharm J. Trans. xiv. 133. -On the supposed conversion of ammonia into nitric acid in the human body by C.Jcifd. Phil. Mag. [4]vii. 581 ;Chem. Gaz. 1851 53. -Preliminary notice on the action of ammonia on the oils and fats Gy T.€1.Bowney. Chem. SOC.Qu. J. vii. 200. I___ On the production of borncic acid and ammonia by volcanic action by R. Warin,rfoiz.Chern. Gaa. 31354 4113 ; Pharm. J. Trans. siv. 2.34. -Ammoniacal salts as solvents for certain sparingly soluble lead-salts in analytical operations by P.BoZEey. Ann. Ch. Pliarni. xci. 116. -Memoir on the form and composition of tbe carbonates of ammonia by H. Ste.-CZuire Deville. Ann. Ch Phys. [3] XI. 87. Ammonia-bases.-Actiou of chloride of cyanogen on the ammonia-bases by NM. Cuhours and Cloez. Compt. rend. xxxviii. 354; Ann. Ch. Pharin. xc. '31. Ammo n i um.-On the periodides of the compound ammo~~ium~molecules by Weltzien. Ann. Ch. Phwm. xci. 33. Amygdaline. -On the natural state of amygdaline by W. Wicke. J. Pharm. [3] xsv. 239. Amy].-On amylic alcol~ol from beet-root molasses by $1.FehZing. Dingier's Journ. cxxs 77 ;J. Pharm.[3] xxv. 74. -On iodide of amyl and its action on stannide of sodium by Arm Grimnz. J. pr. Chem. Ixii. 385. I__ Action of ammonia on sulphatnylate of lime by M. Berlhelot. Ann. Ch. Phys. [S] xxxix. 403. I___ On the amyl-ether acids of certain polybasic organic acids by 3.Breunlin. Ann. Ch. Pharrn. xci. 314. Analysis.-On the use of cyanide of potassium in analytic81 cliemistry by H. Rose. Pogg. Ann. xci. 104. Analysis Organic.-On the use of gas as fuel in organic andysis by A. W. Hfhann. Ann. Ch. Phsrm. xc. 235. -Gas apparatus for organic analysis by G. illugms. Chem. SOC,Qu. J. vii. 250. -Improved apparatus for the analysis of coal and for organic analysis generally by J. H. BZemnder and C. Mo@t. Chem. Gaz. 1854 94. -Description of an apparatus for organic analysis by illuminating gas and on the use of this gas in experimental laboratories by C.Wetherill. J. Fr. Inst. [3] xxviii. 181. -Note on Dr. Wetherill's remarks upon a process for organic analysis by J. H. Alexander and C. MorJit. J. Fr. Tnst. [3] xxvii. 267. Analysis Volumetric.-On ametliodof volumetric analysis of verygeneral application by R.Bunsen. Ann. Ch. Phys. [3] xli. 339. -On a general method of volumetric analysis by A. Streng. Pogg. Ann. xcii. 57 ; Chem. Gaz. 1854,250 260. -Improvements in the process of volumetric analysis by Mohr. Ann. Ch. Pharm. lxxxvi 1?0 ; xc. 165 ; J. pr. Chem. lxiii. 43. Anilides.-On the anilid+s of pyrotartaric acid by A. 23 Arppe. Ann. Ch. Pl~arm.xc. l'v3. IN BRITISfl AKU FOREION JOURNALS.Aniline.-Reactions peculiar to aniline and strychnine by P.Beissenhirrtz. J. Pharm. [3] xxvi. 77. Animal Charcoal.-On the variations observed in the use of animal charcoal in agriculture by A. Bobzerre. Ann. Ch. Phys. [3] xli. 486. Animal Tissues.-Use of sulphate of copper for preserving animal tissues by W. Wicke. Ann. Ch. Pharm. Ixxxviii. 135. An isi n e. -On the formation of misine a new organic base by C,Beriagtzini. Ann. Cli. Pharm. lxxxviii. 127 ; Chem. SOC. Qu J. vii 95. Antimony.-Action of antimony on certain salts by M./slater. J. pr. Chem. lx. 247; J. Pharm. [3] sxv. 391. -On the isomeric compounds of sulphide of antimony with oxide of anti-mony by €I.Chem. Gaz. 1854 64. Bose. -Researches upon arseniuretted and aritimoniuretted hydrogen and their relations to toxicology by &phueZ NupoZi.Sill. Am. J [S] xviii. 190 ; Chem. Gaz. 1851 434. -On some new compounds of stibethyl by C. L6wig. J. pr. Chem. lx. 352; Chem. SOC. Qu. J. Yii. 170. -Antimony-shot. Pharm. J. Trans. xiv. 180. -On stibiotrizincyl and stibiozincyl two new compounds of zinc and antimony ; with some remarks on the decomposition of water by the alloys of these metals by J.P.Cooke. Sill. Am. J. [2] xviii. 229. Arabin.-On arabin by M. Neubauey. J. pr. Chem. Ixii. 193 ;J. Pharm. [3] xxvi. 318. Arbutus.-On the root of Arbufos Unedo as a substitute for Ratanhia root by 3.Soubeiran. J. Phrtrm. [3] xxir. 405. Aridium.-On the supposed new metd aridium by M.Bclk. J. p.Chem. lx.27 ; Chem. Gaz. 1854 148. Arsenic.-Amount of arsenic in the iron-ochre of Rehme by Wackenroder. J. pr. Ctiem. lxii. 499. -Sulphide of arsenic in lignite. J. pr. Chem. Ixi. 190. -On the use of molybdate of ammonia for the detection of arsenic :by H. Struve. J. pr. Chem. lviii. 493; Cliem. Gaz. 3854 150. -New researches on the so-called cormal arsenic by 3.FiZhoZ. Compt. rend. xsxis. 198. -On the action of sulphide of arsenic on alkaline carbonates by 2T. Rose. Pogg. Am. xc. 665; J. pr. Chem. lxi. 113; Chern. Gaz. 1834 128. -Action of arsenic on certain salts by N. XZuter J. pr. Chem. lx. 247; J. Pharm. [3] xxv. 393. -Ferrate of potash as an autidote to arsenic by Jf.Chattel. J. Pharm. [3J xxv. 395. -Estimation of arsenic in mineral waters by M.Rigout. J. Pharm [9] xxvi. 117. -Besearches on the arsenetliyls by Hans Laid&. Ann. Ch. Pharm. Ixxxix. 301 ; Chew Ga-z. 1854 81 102; Anu. Ch. Phys 131 xli. 95 ; Ckem. SOC. Qu. J. vii. 258. -Researches on new organic radicals containing arsenic by 8.CnAours and A. niche. Compt. rend. xxxix. 341. -Observations on the presence and on tlie quantity of arsenic in the waters of Mont-Dore Saint-Nectaire Bourbonle and lioyat . by At. Yhkntird Compt. rend. xxxix. 763. TITLES OF CHEYICAL PAPERS Arseni o.-b certain compounds of arsenious acid with iodide of potassium by E I-avrns Ann. Ch. Pharm. xci. 872. -The impregnation of marshes with arsenic as a means of destroying the marsh-miasma by €€. Xartiuet. Compt. rend. xxxix. 973.Ash.-Analysis of soapboiler's ash by G. Herth. J. pr. Chem. lxiii. 51. Ash e s.-Analysis of the ashes of djugu reptans grown on various soils by C. ROthz. Atin. Ch. Pharm. xc. 255 ; 3. pr. Chem. Ixiii. 56. -On the composition of the ashes of potato-tubers; by Boser. Wen. Akad. Ber. xi. 667. Ascites.-~resence of sugar in tho liquid of ascites :by Dr. Prierichs. Chem. Gaz. 1854 364. Aephode1.-On the fermentable principle of the roots of the Sardinian asphodel by M. Rogzrin. Compt. rend. xxsix. 110. Asp irat or.-Aspirator and perspirator by E. L1 P Baunthmer. Ann. Ch. Pharm. xc. 19. Atmospli ere.-Researches on tho rain-water and the atmosphere of Lyons and certain points of its environs during the years 1852-53 by M. Bineaar. Comyt. rend.xxxviii. 272. Atomic Weigh ts.-Tlie numerical relations between the atomic weights ; with some thoughts on the classiiicrttita of the chemieal elements by J. P. Cooke,jun. Sill. Am. J. [2] xvii. 387. Atrac ty1is.-On poisoning by the Btractylis gummgera by 111. Cummaille. Compt. rend. xxxviii. 1055. B. B arium -Notice of further experiments as to the reduction of metallic oxides by the peroxide of barium by B. C. Brodie. Chem. SOC.Qu. J. vii 304. Barks.-On storux bark by B. €Luanbzcry. Pharm. J. Trans. xiv. 10. -On the cinchona harks by Belondre and Bouchardut. Pharm. J. Trans. xiv. 105. B ar1ey.-Experiments on the inorganic constituents required for the fructifi- cation of winter wheat and summer barley :by the Prince of Sulm-Horstrnar. J.pr. Chem. lxi. 148. -On the produce obtained from barley sown in rocks of various ages ; by C. Daubmy. Chem. SOC.Qu. J. vii. 289. Bargta.-On the oxalates of baryta and strontia by ;cY; Wicke. Ann. Ch. Pharrn. xc. 101. B ases.-Contributions to the history of certain volatile bases by 8.a. Planta and 8.Kekuld. Ann. Ch. Pharm. lxxxix. 129. -On the volatile bases produced by destructive distillation of the bitu- minous shale of Dorsetsliire by C.G. Williams. Chem. Soc Qu. J. vii. 97 281. -On the presence of pyridine among the volatile bases in the naphtha from the bituminous shale of Dorsetsbire by C. 0.Williams. Phil. Mag. 141viii. 209. -On the alkaloids in the bark of Cinchona Zancifoliu by J. Bidtel. J. pr. Chem. lxi. 257. -On the action of chloride of cyanogen upon the ammonia-bases by HM.Cghoun -* mpt. rend. xxxviii. 354 ; Ann. Ch Phann. xc.-91. IX B1CITISI-I AND FOREIGN JOURNALS. B 8s e 3.-On the constitution of the platinum- bases by C.Claus. Cbem. Gaz. 1854,441. B a so s 0r g an i c.-New method of forming Zinin’s artificial organic bases by A. Bdchmp. Ann. Ch. Phps. [3] xlii. 186. Beer,-On the acidity sweetness and strength of wine beer and spirits by H. Bence Jorles. Phil. Mag. [a] vii. 143 ; Chem. Gaz. 1854,35. l3 ee t.-Experiments on the alimentary value of various species of beet used as food for working oxen by H.BaudemewA Compt. rend. xxxviii. 962. Benzoic Oxide.-On the so.called benzoic oxide and other conjugated com- pounds by K. List and Limpricht.J. pr. Chem. Ixii. 203 ; Ann. Ch. Pharm. xc. 100; Chem. Gaz. 1864 425. Uenzo1.-On a new compound obtained from benzol by the action of chloride of iodine by James Spencer. Chem. SOC. Qu. J. vii. 244. Benzonitri1e.-On henzonitrile and nitrobenzine. J. Ph~rm. [3] xxvi. 319. -On certain prodncts obtained from benzonitrile by 0.W. Bingley. Chem. Gnz. 1854 329. Benzoy1.-On the formation of nitride of benzoyl from hippuric acid by Dr. Limprichf and voft Uslar. Ann. Ch. Pharm. lxxxviii. 133; Chem. SOC.Qii. J. vii. 101; J. pr. Chem. lxi. 5I1 ; J. Pharm. [3J xxvi. 72. -On cyanide of benzoyl by H. Kolbe. Ann. Ch. Pharm. xc. 62. Bismetiiy1.-On bisinethyl and its compounds by F. .Z?ikhupt. Chem. Gaz. 1854 261. B ism LIt h.-Researches on bismuth by R.Xchneider.Pogg. Ann. xci. 404 ; xciii. 305. -Reduction of bismuth by cyanide of potassium by H. Rose. J. pr. Chem. lxi. 185 ; J. Pharm. [3] xxv. 476. -On the crystalline form of artificial sulphide of bismuth by G. Rose. Pogg Ann. xci. 401. -On copper-bism uth-glance from Schwarzenberg in Saxony by H. Dauber Pogg. Ann. xcii. 241. -On copper-bismuth-ore by R. Schneider. Pogg. Ann. xciii. 305 472. Analysis of copper-bismuth by R. Schenck. Am. Ch. Pharur. xci. 232. B isu1phites.-On the action of alkaline bisulphites upon organic substances by F. Bochleder and R. Schwarz. Wien. had. Ber. xii. 190 ; Chem. Gaz. 1854 369. I3 1 enching.-Method of rapidly bleaching wax and purifying tallow oils &c. Chem. Gaz. 1854 298. l3lood.-On the changes produced in the blood by the administration of cod- liver oil and cocoa-nut oil by Theopiiihs Thornson.Froc. Roy. SOC. vii. 41 ; Chem. SOC.Qu. J. vii. 275. -Detection of manganese in the blood by id. Gltznard. J. Pharm. [SJ xxci. 184. -On the detection of blood-spots by J..,%we. Arch. Pharm. lxxvii. 56. -On the recognition of blood-spots on liuen and cotton stuffs by C.Wiehr. Chem. Gaz. 1854,297. -_ Sure method of detecting blood-spots in chemico-legal iuvestiga tions. J. pr. Chem. lxii. 513. _I_ The detaction of blood upon cloth iron :itid i)th,Br substances. Ptrt~rtn. J. Trans. xiv. 271. TITLES OF CHEXICAL PAPERS Blowpipe.-Note on a blowpipe with continuous jet by S. de Luca. Compt. rend. xxx.c.iii. 506 ; Pogg. Ann. xcii.18f; 3. Pharm. [3j xxv. 344. B oil ers.-On the various means of preventing incrustations in stearn-boilers by Dr. EZsner Sohweiz. Gewerbebl 1854 37 ; Chem. Gaz. 1854 259. -Researches on the incrustation of boilers by dl. Coiustd. Ann. Nin. [5] v. 69. --Simple means of preventing the formation of incrustations in boilers by R.Fresenius. Pharm. J. Trans. xiii. 435. -On the spheroidal state of water in steam-boilers by A. Normandy. J Fr. Inst. [3] xxviii. 414. Bones.-Analysis of a rib of a cow which died of rttchitis by 3.Schriider. Ann. Ch. Pharm. Ixxxix. 223; J. Pharm. [3] xxv. 158. -Chemical researches on the bones by 3.Freiny. Compt. rend. xxxix. 1052. I3r ai n .-Further communication on the chemical composition of the cerebral substance by J.Schlossberger Ann. Ch. Yharm. xc. 381; J. pr. Chem. lxiii. 50. Bran.-Researches on flour and bran by 8.Frapoli. Ann. Ch. Pharm. xci. 107. -Note on the digestive principle of wheat-bran by M. MozlriGs. Compt. rend. xxxviii. 505. Bread.-Method of improving and deacidising rye bread 1)y J. Liebig. Ann. Ch. Pharin. xci. 244. -New process for the manufacture of bread. Pharm. J. Trans. xiii. 602. Bromine.-Bromine and iodine in Chili nitre. Pharm. 3. Trans. xiii. 339. -On bromoearburetted hydrogen and on the extraction of bromine from the Schonbeck salt-springs by M. Hermann. J. pr. Chem. lx. 284; J. Pharm. [S] xxv. 78 ; Pharm. J. Trans. xiii. 684. -Decomposition of hydrobromic ether by potash and alcohol by Ber-thelot. J. Pharm. [S] xsvi. 25.c- On the action of bromine on nitropicric acid by J. Stenhouse. Phil. Mag. [4] viii. 36. -On the action of bromine on picric acid by J Stenhouse. Ann. Ch. Pharm. xci. 307. -On the estimation of free bromine in presence of hydrobromic and hydrochloric acids by C.G. Filliams. Chem. Gsz. 1854 432. Bronze.-On the alteration of bronze used for the sheathing of ships by M. Bobierre. Compt. rend. xxxviii. 122. Bro th.-New broth for invsltids by J. Liebig. Ann. Ch. Pharm. xci. 244. Brucine.-On the decomposition of brucine by nitric acid by A. Strecker. Ann. Ch. Pharm. xci. 7G ; absl~.Compt. rend xxxix. 52 ; Chem. SOC. Qu. J. vii. 273; Chem. Gaz. 1854,304; Ann. Ch. Phys. [3) xlii. 366. Butter.-On the composition of butter from cows' milk by W.Heintz.J. pr. Chem. lx. 301 ; J. Pliarm. [3] xxv 71. -Method of examining butter by L. o. Babo. Chem. Gaz. 1554 99. -Means of removing the rancidity of butter. Pharin. J. Trans. xiii. 343. Buty1.-On butjlic alcotiol by A. TVwlz. Ann. Ch. Phys. [3] xlii. 129; Compt. rend. xxxix. 535. 329 IN BRITISH AND FOREIGN JOURNALS. C. C ad m iu m.-On 8ome compounds of cadmium By E. Schder. Chern. Gaz. 3854 65. -Detection of cadmium in oxide of zinc by M. Barreswil. J. Pharm. [3] xxvi. 196. i:alcu1i.-On the disintegration of urinary calculi by the lateral disruptive force of the electrh discharge by G. Robinson. Proc. Roy. SOC. vii. 99. -On the dissolution of urinary calculi in dilute saline fluids at the tem- perature of the body by the aid of electricity by E Bewe Jones.Phil. Trans. 1853 179. Calomel.-Preparation of calomel in the humid way. Ann. Ch. Pharm. xc 124; Chem. Gaz. 1854 269; J. Pharm. [8] xxvi. 70. Cancha1agua.-Memoir on camhalagua by l? Labom$ J. Pharm. [3] xxv. 434. C ann abi s.-Preparations from Cannabis sativa in India. Pharm. J. Trans. xiv. 165. Can th arides.-On margaric acid in the fat of cantharides by A. Gossmann. Ann Ch. Pharm. lxxxix. 123. Caoutc.houc.-Vulcanised caoutchouc stoppers as a substitute for corks by E. LT. v. BazcmAauer. Ann. Ch. Pharm. xc. 15. Capry1.-On caprylic alcohol and its derivatives by M. Bouis. Comp. rend. xxxviii. 935; Ch6m. SOC. Qu. J. vii. 286. -On caprylamine or caprylia by A. Cahozcrs. Compt. rend.xxxix. 254 ; Chem. Gaz. 1854 355. -On caprylamiue by W. S Squire. Chem. SOC. Qu. J. vii. 108. C arbon.-Crystallised carbon. J. pr. Chem. lxi. 55. -On the formation of hydrates of carbon in plants by F. Bochleder. Wien. Akad. Ber. xii. 549. -Action of the solar rays on 8 mixture of nitric acid and sulphide of carbon by M. Ttfereau. Compt. rend. xxxix. 692. Carbon ates.-Ou the reaction of sulphide of arsenic with alkaline carbonates by H. Rose. Pogg. Ann. xc. 565; Chem. Gaz. 1854 188. -On the crystalline form of certain uitrates and carbonates by M. 1;. Frankenheim. Pogg. Ann. xciii. 14. -_. On the isodimorphism of nitrate of potash and carbonate of lime by M L. Frankenheim. Pogg. Ann. xcii. 354. -Memoir on the form and composition of the carbonates of ammonia by H.Ste.-ClaireDeviEle. Ann. Ch. Phys. [a] xl. 87. -On carbonate of Lime preexisting in plants in their normal state and on its estimation by M. Payen. Compt. rend. xxxviii. 241 ; Ann. Ch. Pharm. [3] xli. 164. -Saccharine carbonate of iron and mangauese by S,2’. Speer. Pharm. J. Trans. xiii. 339 C arb on ic 0xid e.-Note on pure carbonic oxide considered as a poison by A. Chnot. Compt. rend. xxxviii. 735,830. Caro1athine.-On caxolathine by F. L. Sonnenschin. J. pr. Chem. lx. 267. C el 1 u1o se -New observations on the animal substance analogous to the cellulose of plants by M. Yirchom. Compt. rend. xxxvii. 860; Pharm. J Trans. aiii. 386. 330 TITLES OF CHEMICAL PAPERS Gem e n ts.-Transparent cement. Pharm.J. Trans xiii 683. -Analysis of an English cement by E. v. Gorup-Ilesanez Ann Ch. Pharm. lxxxix. 218. -Researches on the resistance of hydraulic limestones and cements to tho destructive action of sea-water by HH.MaZagz& and Durockr. Compt. rend. xxxix. 103.-Note thereon by Jf. Yicat; ibid. 412.-Reply by HN. HaZagz~tiand Dwocher; ibid. 625. _.-On the analysis of cements and mortars and on the separation of alumina and sesquioxide of iron by J. Gunning. J. pr. Chem. lxii 318. Cereals.-On the composition of cereals by B. Millon. Compt. rend. xxxviii. 85.-Orr the classification of cereals. Ibid. 119. Cerebral S ubstance.-Further communication on the chemical compo- sition of the cerebral substance by J; SchZossberger. Ann. Ch. Pharm. xc.382 ; J. ps Chem. Ixiii. 69. C er ebro -spi n a,l F111 id -Examination of the cerebso-spinal fluid by ' F. Turner. Proc. Roy. SOC. vii. 89 ; Chem. Gaz. 1854 314. Charcoal.-On the combustion of charcoal by M. Barreswil. J. Pharm. [3] xxv. 173. -On the deodorising and disinfecting properties of cliarcoal with the description of a charcoal respirator for purifying the air by filtration by J. Stenhouse. Chem. Gaz. 1854 13%;Pharm. J. Trans. xiii. 454 ; Ann. Ch. Pharm. xc. 286. -On the speciEc gravity of certain kinds of wood-charcoal by G. Werther. J. pr. Chem. lxi. 21. -Effect of charcoal in accelerating germination by M. Yiolette. Compt. rend. xxxvii. 905.-Report on several memoirs on this subject by H.Balard; ibid. xxxviii. 107. Chemical Action.-On the force which governs chemical action by &I.Wiittwer. Compt. rend. xxxviii. 750 ; Phil. Mag. [4]viii. 628. Chemical Affinity.-On chemical affinity existing among substances in solution by L H. Gladstone Chem. Gaz. 1854 214. Chem cal Compo8ition.-On agrnphic method of representing therelations between the chemical composition and physical properties of bodies by M. Damas. Compt. rend. xxxix. 1037. Chlor des.-Action of nitric acid on the chlorides of potassium and sodium. Action of oxalic acid on the nitrates and chlorides of the same with a ready method of converting them into carbonates by J. 5.Xmith. Sill. Am. J. [2] xvi. 373; Chem. Gaz. 1854 12. -Compounds of the sulphides of ethyl and methyl with certain metallic chlorides by A.Low. Ann. Ch. Phys. [3] xxxix. 439. Chlorine.-On the use of chlorine in analysis by MW. Aivoi Bezcdant and Daguin. Compt. rend. xxxvii. 835; Chem. Gaz. 1854 66; Ann. Min. [S] iv. 221. -Reaction of iodine and chlorine with nitrate of silver by Weltzien. Ann. Ch. Pharm. xci. 43. -On the so-called chloride of nitrogen by J. H. GZadstone. Chem. SOC. Qu. J. vii. 57. -On the chlorinated compounds derived from the sulyhides of ethyl and methyl by M. Riche. Compt. rend. xxxix. 910. Chloroform. -On some new derivatives of' chloroform by A. W.WiZZiumsoii. Proc. Roy. SOC. vii. 135; Chem. Gaz. 1854 337; Phil Mag. [a] viii. 405. IN BRITISH AND FOREIQN JOUBNALS. 351 Ch 1or o for m.-On some new derivatives of chloroform by G.Xuy. Chcm.SOC.Qu. J. vii. 226. -On the oily substance contained in commercial ch1oroform by 1c3 Pem-herton. Repert. Pharm. lx. 475 ; J. Pharm. [3] xxv. 79. -Remark on chloroform. Ann. Ch. Pharm. xci. 125. -Use of chloroform in a case of poisoning by strychnine. Pharm. J. Trans. xiii. 342. C hocol a te.-On the adulterations of chocolate and the practical methods of detecting them by M. Liteellier. J. Pharm. [3] xxv. 368. Ch romates.-Preparation of chromate of potash. J. pr. Chern. hi. 235. -On chromate of potash and ammonia by S. W. Johnston. J. pr. Chem. lxii. 261.-Chroruate of soda ibid. Chromium.-On a new method of analysing chrome-ores and on a com-mercial chloro-chromate of soda by F. C. Calvert. Ann. Ch. Phys. [3] xxxix. 470. -On the preparation of metdlic chromium by electrolysis by R.Bzcnsen.Pogg. Ann. xc. 619; J. Phrm. [3] xxv 472; Ann. Cb. Phys. [3] xli. 354. -Note on the action exerted by zinc and iron on solutions of the salts of sesquioxide of chromium by 23. Zoewel. Ann Ch. Phys. [3] xl. 42. Chrysammates.-On the date of the discovery of chrysammate of potash. by D. Brewster. Phil. Mag. [d] vii. 171. Cin chon a.-Chemical examination of four new cinchonas from the province of Ocagna (New Granada) by 0. Hezry,jm. J. Pharm. [3] xxiv. 400; Sill. Am. J. [2] xyii. 271. -On the cinchona barks of New Granada by E. Uricoedea. Pharm. J. Trans. xiii. 470. -The cinchonrt barks and the more important questions which relate to them by Delondre and Bouchardat. Pharm. J. Trans. xiv.77. -On the alkaloids in the bark of Cinchona lancifolia :by J. Bidtel. J. pr. Chem. lxi. 257. I_ On cinchona-red its formation and chemical composition by Guiraud-Boissenob. J. Pharm. [3] xxv. 299. Cinch o nine ,-Action of carbonic acid on quinine and cinchonine by 31. .&mylois. Ann. Ch. Phys. [3] xli. 89 ; J.Pharm. [3] xxvi. 132. Citr a t e s.-On the products of the fermentation of citrate of lime by H. How. J. Pharm. [3] xxv. 236 320. -Manufacture of certain citrates and tartrates. Pharm. J. Trans. xiii 313 370. Co a1.-Improved apparatus for the analysis of coal by J. E. Blexunder and C. lilogit. Chem. Gaz. 1854 94. -On the production of sulphurous acid gas from the consumption of coal by$. Spence. Pharm. J. Trans. xiv. 236. Cobalt.-On a new saline compound of cobalt by 8.St.Ewe. Chem. SOC. Qu. J. vii. 86. -Historical notice respecting St. Evre's yellow cobalt compound and the separation of cobalt from nickel. J. pr. Chem. Ixi. 182. _I On some new compounds of cobalt by .iK Ropjski. Ann. Ch.Phys. [3] xli. 445. -On hydrochlorate of roseo-cobaltia and futeo-cobah by F.Gregory. Chem. Gaz. 1854,15% TITLES OF CHEMICAL PAPERS Cobalt.-On the passive state of nickel and cobalt by J. Nickkls. J. Pharm. [3] xxv. 206. -Separation of cobalt from some of its congeners by M. Stromeyer. J. pr. Chem. hi. 41 ; J. Pharm. [3] xxv. 392. -New method of separating nickel from cobalt by 0. KOttig. J. pr. Chem. lxi. 33. -Separation of nickel and cobalt by Wohler's process by F.E.Dakin. Sill. Am. J. [23 xviii. 291. COCO a,-On the constituents of cocoa-butter by C.Specht and A. Gosissmtmn. Ann. Ch. Pharm. xc. 126; J. Pharm. [3] xxvi. 238; Chem. Gaz. 1854 306. Coffee.-On the dried coffee leaf of Sumatra which is employed in that and some of the adjacent islands as a substitute for tea or for the coffee- bean by J. Xtenhouse. Phil. Mag. [4] vii. 21; Pharm. J. Trans. xiii. 382 ; Ann. Ch. Pharm. lxxxix. 244. --The medicinal properties of Cofea arabica :by V.Zamilton. Pharm. J. Trans. xiii. 329. -Methods of detecting adulterations in chicoried coffee J. Pham. [3] xxiv. 441. Collodion.-On a new process for rendering collodion more sensitive by I! Foods. Phil. Mag. [4] viii. 24. -On sensitive collodion by 27.Voods. Phil. Mag. [4] viii. 21 3 -On a method of preserving the sensitiveness of collodion plates for a considerable time by J. Spiller and T. Crookes. Phil. Mag. [a] vii. 349 ; viii. 111. Col our.-Experiwents on the artificial production of polychro'ism in crystal-lised bodies by H. de S4namonf. Phil. Mag [4] vii. 230 ; Ann. Ch. Phys. [3] xli. 319. _.___ On changes of colour by C. 3'. Schonbein. J. pr. Chern. Ixi. 193. -On the green colour of plants by A. J.Angstrom. Pogg. Ann. xciii. 475. Co1ours.-On Maumen6's experiment on the production of white by com- plementary colours by R. Tugner. J. pr. Chem. lxi. 129. Colouring Matter.-Researches on the colouring matter of flowers by 3.Filhol. Compt. rend. xxxix. 194 ; Chem. Gaz. 1854 326.-Note on the colours of a considerable number of flowers by dil; Chvrezcl. Compt. rend. xxxix. 213. -Preliminary notice on the yellow colouring matter of quercitron bark by L. Rigid. Ann. Ch. Pharm. lxxxviii. 186. -On vegetable bronze colours from Brszil-wood and logwood by 5.Denzer. Chem. Gaz. 1854 259. C o1umbium.-Observations on the nomenclature of the met& contailled in Columbite and Tantalite by 8. Connell. Phil. Mag. [a] vii. 461. -See Z'alatulum. C o1za.-On the acids of colzrt oil by G. b"iac2eler. Ann Ch. Phys. [3] xli. 494. Com p 1a sty,-Improvements in the method of taking coniplastic impressions by G. Osann. J. pr. Chem. lxiii. 120. Coiij uga tion.-On the phenomena of conjugation (Paurung) and the for- mu18 by which they are represented by N.Bekelof. J. pr. Cheni. Ixii. 422. Cop aib a.-New variety of balsam of copaiba by C. Lowe. Pharm. J. Trans. xiv. 65. IN BRITISH AND FOREIGN JOURNALS. 333 Copa1.-On the preparation of copd varnish by Pro$ Heeren. Chem. Gaz. 1854 179. Copernicia.-On an alcohol in the wax of Copernicia cerqeera by N. 8. MaskelTyne. Chem. SOC.Qu. J. Fii. 192. Copper.-On the situation of the copper-ores of Central Norway and on their metallurgic treatment by $1.DucAanoy. Ann. Min. [5] v. 181. -On the presence of small quantities of copper in the animal organism by H Wackenroder. Chem. Gaz. 1854 172. -Simple and exact method for the volumetric determination of copper by E. de Ruen. Ann. Ch. Pharm. xci. 237. -On the processes for estimating copper in ores and works of art by M Rivot.Compt. rend. xxxviii. 868; Chem. Gaz. 1854 257. -Extraction of the copper contained in the lead-slags of the silver foundry at Zineinogorsk {Altai) by M. Guergross. Ann. Min. [5] iv. Fig. -Electrochemical treatment of copper-ores by JL Beeperel. Compt. rend. xxxviii. 1095 ; Chem. Gaz. 1854 359. -On the electrolysis of copper-salts by Jf.Xoret. Compt. rend. xxxix. 504. -On some new cuprous aud mercuric sulphites by L. Pdan de Xt. GiEZes. Ann. Ch. Phys. [3] xlij. 23. -On oxide of copper by A. Kemp. Chem. Gaz. 1854 111. -On the deeomposion of copper-salts by the voltaic battery and on the law of electro-chemical equivalents by L. floret. Ann. Chirri. Phys. [3] xlii.257. -On copper-bismuth-ore from Wittichen and on the reactioiis of cuptic solutions with metallic bismuth by R.Xchneider. Pogg. Ann. xciii. 305 472. -On copper-bismuth-glance from Schwarzenbesg in Saxony by f% Dauller. Pogg. Ann. xcji. 241. -Coating iron with copper. J. Fr. Inst. [3] xxvi. 283. -Chemical examination of peacock-copper and copper pyrites by D.Forlles. J. pr. Chem. Ixi. 43. -Chemical examination of some alloys of copper and zinc by D.Forbes. Chem. Gaz. 1854 39.3. -Analysis of slags fsom Kaafjord's copper-works by 8.Xtromeyer. J. ps. Chem. Ixi. 37. -Use of sulphate of copper for pseserving animal tissues by ?K Wick. Ann. Ch. Pharm. Ixxxviii. 135. Cot t o n.-On the substitution-compounds obtained by the action of nitric acid on cotton by E.A. HU~GW. Chem. Soo. QLI. J. vii. 201. -On the influence of citric tartaric and oxalic acids on cotton and flnx fibres under the influence of dry heat and pressure of steam by F. C. Culvert. Chem. Gaz. 1854 440. C rat ix:g u s .-On the occurrence of propylamine in the flowers of Cratagus oqacantha :by W. Wic&e. Ann. Ch. Pharm. xci. 1121. Creatine.-On some products of the transformation of creatine by J? Bessaiynes. Compt. rend. xxxviii. 839; Chem. Gaz. 1854,201 ; J. pr. Chem. lxii. 216. C re o sote'.-On the constitution of coal-tar creoscte by A. T.TiZZiamson. Proc Roy SOC.vii. 143; Chem. Gaz. 1854 376 378. -On tbe constitution of commercial creosote from coal tar by James Fairlie. Chem Soc. Qu.5. vii. 282. a34 TITLES OF CHEMICAL PAPERS Creoso te.-On creosote and its products of decomposition by 8.u. Gorq-Besanez. Chem. Gaz. 1834 121. Crystalline Form.-On the crystalline form of certain nitrates and car- bonates by Jf. L. Frankenheim. Pogg. Ann. xciii. 14. -On dimorphism in active substances by I;. Pusteur. Cornpt. rend. xxxix. 20 ; Sill Am J. [2] xviii. 4%. -On the isomorphism of vitriols by TeZtzien. Ann. Ch. Pharm xci. 203. -Ou the homeomorphism of certain mineral species by J. D.Duna. Sill. Am. J. [2J xvii. 210 430. -On the hornmomorphism of mineral species of the trimetric system by J. B. Dana. Sill. Am. J. [SJ xviii. 35. _I Contributions to the question ‘‘ On the isomorphism of homologom compounds:” by PiTitus von AM.Ann. Ch. Pharm. xci. 170; J. Pharm. [3] xxvi. 39. -On the isodimorphism of nitrate of potash and carbonate of lime by 3Z.A. Frankenheim. Pogg. Ann. xcii. 334. -On the proportion in which isomorphous bodies crystallise together and on the influence thereby exerted on the form of the crystals by C. Bamnielsberg. Pogg. Ann. xci 321. -Notice of von Kobell’s payer on a series of isomorphous and homeomor-phous forms (published in Schweigger’s Journal lxiv. 410) by J.2). Bana. Sill Am. J. [2] xviii. 271. -Remarks on the crystalline form of iodide of silver and its isomorphism with sulphide of cadmium by JL Ilescloizeaax. Ann. Ch. Phys. [Y] xl. 85. -On pammorphoses in organic chemistry by R. ?,ugner. J. pr. Chem.lxi. 126. _I Researches on polymorphism by J. Nick&. Ann. Clr. Phys. [3] mix. 404. -On pseudomorphoses and the characteristic differences exhibited hy certain kinds of them by 2’. Scherer. Pogg. Ann. xci. 378; xcii. 612 ; xciii. 05. -On two remarkable pseudomorphoses of calcspar and iron-glance by G. Rose. Pogg. Ann. xci. 147. -On the supposed pseudomorphoses of serpentine in the forms of am-phibole augite and olivine by 2’. &’cheerer. Pogg. Ann. xcii. 267. -Pdaeo-crystals altered by pseudomorphoses by W.Haidinger. Pogg. Ann. xc. 479. -On the calculation of the angle between the axes of biaxial crystals by E. TzZde. Ann. Ch. Pharm. Ixxxviii. 124. -Calculation of the angles of biaxial crystals by F. Zamnziner. Ann. Ch. Pharm.xc. 00. cry stallisat ion.-Researches on new methods of crystallisation in the dry way and on their application to the reproduction of mineral species by M. Ebelmen. Ann. &En. [5] iv. 173. -On the influence of media on crystals during their formation Ity J.Nickl2s. Compt. rend xxxix. 160. -On the changes of volume produced by crystallisation by G. H. 0.Yolzer. Ann. Ch. Pharm. xciii. 66 244. Cubebin.-Preparation of cubebin. Pharm. J. Trans. xiv. 37. C urny 1.-Notice on cuminic alcohol. Ann. Ch. Pharm. xc. 381. IN BRITISH AND PORElGN JOURNALS. 335 C urttra.-Experiments on poisoning by curara. Compt. rend. xxxix. 67 -On iodine as an autidote to the curara-poison by XM. Brainard and Gweene. Compt. rend. xxxviii.411. Cy an i d e s.-On the use of cyttnide of potassium in analytical chemistry by 23. Rose. Pogg. Ann. xci. 104. -Reduction of bismuth lead aud tin by cyanide of potassium by U:Rose. J. pr. Cbem. xxi. 188; J Pliartn. xxv. 476. ___. On cyanide of benzoyl by H. Kolbe. Ann. Ch. Pharm. YC. 62. C y anogen.-Direct volumetric estimation of ferricyanogen in its compounds by Enst Lenssen. Ann. Ch. Pharm. xci. 240. -Volumetric determination of ferrocyanogen and ferricyanogen in their coinpounds by E. de Haeiz. Ann. Ch. Pharm. xc. 160 ; Chem. Gaz. 1s54,202. -On the platino-tersnlpliocyanidesand the platino-bisulp'liocSIRnides two new series of salts and their decompositions by G. B. Btdcktoz. Chem. SOC. Qu. J. vii. 22. -On the action of chloride of cyanogen on the ammonia-bases by iKTK Cahours and Cloez.Corupt. rend. xxxviii. 354 ; Ann. Ch. Phariii. xc. 91. -_. On red prussiate of potash by FK Tl"i/lZuce. Chein. Soc. QU.J. vii. 77. -On cyanio and cyanuric ethers by A. JTirlz. Ann. Ch. Phys. [3] xlii. 43. Cyneue.-On cynene by C. Pokkel. Ann. Ch. Phann. lxxxix. 358; J. Pharm. [3} xxvi. 76 ; Chem. Gaz. 1854 303. D. D c1i q u e s c e ti c e.-On the deliquescence and efflorescence of salts by P. Xremem. Pogg. Ann. xci. 283; Chem. Gaz. 1854 247. D i amon d -On a cellular formation in a diamond by H 8.Goppert. Pogg. Ann. xcii. 623. -Crystals of diamoad. J. pr. Chem. lxi. 127. I)idy mium.-On didymium and its compounds by 31.JIarignac. Cheni. Gaz. 1854 141. D i m o r p h i sm.-See Cryslatline Form.D y eing.-Substitutes for tartaric and citric acids and their salts iu. dyeing. Pharm. J. Trans. xiv. GS; Cliem. Gaz. 1854 437. -On the use of sulphopurpii~ic acid or red sulphate of indigo in the dyeiiig of worsted and silk by Z.Huefeely. Ctieni Gaz. 1854 79. -On substitutes for tartaric acid in dyeing by Prof. BoZZey. Schwciz. Gewelbeblatt 1854 65 ; Chem. Gaz. 1854 435. E. E ff 1o re sc en c e .-On the deliquescence and efflorescence of salts by P. hrrmers Pogg. Ann. xci. 317. E ggs.-Researches on the composition of eggs in tI10 siiccessive gradntions of the animal series by MM. Pulenciennes et Prkmy. Compt. rend. xxxviii. 469 525 580 ; J. Pharm. [3] xxv. 321,415 ; xxvi. 5. TITLES OF CHEMICAL PAPERS Electricity.-New researches on the principles which govern the derelop- ment of electricity in chemical actions by ill Becquerel.Compt. rend. xxxviii. 757; Phil. Mag. [4] viii. 76; Sill. Am. J. [27 xviii. 3F2. -On the differences between the voltaic and friction electricity by Y'h. du 31oncel. Compt. rend. xxxix. 927. -Remadis on the principles which regulate the development of electricity in chemical reactions by Ch. 2Kutteucci. Compt. rend. xxxis. 258. -On the conductibility of metals for electricity by TanBredu and Logeman. Phil. Nag. [4] viii 665. -On various electric phenomena by JX,Quef. Pogg. Ann. xcii. 1S5. -On the development of electricity in ovaporation by fir,Buf. Ann. Ch. Pharm. Ixxxix. 203. -On the development of electricity accompanying the evaporation of aqueous solutions by J.X.Gaugain. Compt. rend. xxxix. 231. -Note on electricity accompanying the evaporation of stilt water and on the origin of atmospheric electricity by J. M. Gaugain. Compt. rend. xxxviii. 1012. -On the development of electricity accompanying combustion by J.M. Bauguin. Compt. rend. xxxviii. 731. -Note on the production of pyro-electric currents by 1M. Beeperel. Compt. rend. xxxviii. 905 ; Sill. Am. J. C2] xviii. 384. -Electrical battery by F.Synzons. Pharm. J. Trans. xiv. 12. -On the electric conducting power which insulators acquire by rise of temperature by W.Beetz. Pogg. Ann. xcii. 452; Phil. &fage [4] viii. 191. -On the electric conductivity of heated glass by E.Buf. Ann. Ch. Pharm. xc. 255; Ann. Ch. Phys. [3] xlii. 125; Phil. Mag. [4] viii. 12. -Researches on the transmission of electricity through gases at high temperatures by E. Beeperel. Ann. Ch. Phys. xxxix. 3%. -On the electro-chemical polarity of gases by W.R. Grove. Pogg. Ann. xciii. 417. -Researches on the resistance of liquids to the electric current in eertain particular cases by A. XuweZjew. Pogg. Ann. Erganzungs-Band iv. 3 456. -Experiments on the electric conducting power of magnetised iron by Edlund. Pogg. Ann. xciii. 315. -On electric currents produced by the friction of two metal plates by J.M. Guw~ai?~.Pogg. Ann. Erganzungs Band iv. 3 5 11. -Demonstration of Ohm's laws founded on the ordinary principles of statical electricity; by H.KircRhofl.Ann. Ch. Phys. [3] xli. 406. -On the law of intensity of electric currents by Jf. Gang&. Compt. rend. xxxix. 909. -On the polarisation of the electric current by G. Holzmann. Pogg. Ann. xcii. 577. -Description of two depolarising apparatus for producing constant electric currents by M. Becquerel. Cornpt. rend. xxxviii 238. -On the magnitude of galvanic polarisation by TY. Be&. Phil. Mag. [4] viii. 380. -Researches on electrostatic induction by Jf -4lellGni. Compt. rend. xxxix 177. IN BRITISH AND FOREIGN JOURNALS. 337 E1 e c tri ci ty.-On electro-dynamic induction in liquids :by M. Faraday. Phil. Mag. [4] vii. 265 ; Pogg. Ann. xcii. 299. -Note on the proportionality of the electromotive force and the electric tension of a voltaic element; by $1 KoAZrazcsc6.Ann. Ch. Phys. [S] xli. 387. -On electrostatic polarity by Bf,Po&ice@. Compt. rend. xxxviii. 857. 7 On electric induction-associated cases of current and static effects. by 31,Paraday. Phil. Mag. [4] vii. 197; Sill. Am. J. [a] lii. 84; J. Fr. Inst. xxviii. 408. -On the influence of non-conductors on the strength of electrical induction by H. V.d’nochenhauer. Pogg. Ann. xciii. 417. -On the electroscopic phenomena of a voltaic battery with closed circuit by X. Kohlrausclz. Aun. Ch. Phys. {3] xli. 362. On the electricity of flame by M. Matteucci; with observations by CI T.R.Grove. Phil. Mag [4]viii. 899. -On the battery with two liquids; on chemical action ; by C.Desjretz. Compt.rend. xxxviii. 89’7. -Simple fop of galvanic apparatus by T.Syntons. Pharm. J. Trans. xiii. 32’7. -On a galvanoscope of great sensibility and on the electric conducting power of flame ; by E Buf. Ann. Ch. Pharm. xc. I. -Description of some new kinds of galvanic batteries by M. KukZa. J. Fr. Inst. [3] xxvii. 36. 7 Description of apparatus for facilitating electro dynamical experiments ; with experiments in illustration by M. Billet. Ann. Ch. Pbys. [S] xlii. 168. -On the generatiou of heat by electricity by 9.Iliess. Phil. Mag. [4] vii. 348 428. -On the heat evolved by electric currents by M. Clazlsius. Ann. Ch. Phys. [S] xlii. 123. I__ On the heat and cold developed at the boundaq of two conductors in the roltaic circuit by 2.Frankeakei#a. Pogg. Anu. xci 161. -On the heat produced by an electric discharge by R.Cluzlsius. Phil. Nag. [4]vii. 297. -On tlm heat developed by electricity in passing along metallic wires by H.Pi~rd. Compt. rend. xxxix. 9004. -On the heat produced by an electric discharge by W. Thornson. Phil. &fag. [4] vii. 347, _-On the influence of the surrounding tnedium on the incandescence pro-ducad by voltaic currents by F. Grove. Ann. Ch. Phys. [3J xxxix. 497 ; Obserrations thereupon by R. Clausius :ibid. 498. -On the laws of the development of heat and mechanical force by the con- netting wire of the voltaic circuit by J.El. Koosen. Pogg. Ann xci. 427 625. -On the calorific and luminous effects of two simultaneous electric currents by M.Massm. Compt. rend. xxxviii 25. -Note on the electric light by N.Deleuil. Compt.rend. xxxviii. 812. -Economic illumination by electric light. Sill. Am. J. [2] xviii 385. __. On electric lamps by Pr.Pekiirek. Wien. Akad. Ber. xii. 263 -Observations OD J. Regnaulds method of determining the slectromdor power of voltaic currents. Togg Ann. xci. 628. VOL V1I.-NO. XBVIII. Z 538 TITLES OF CKEMICAL PAPERS Elec tri ci ty.-On electric distribution; instances of static and dynamic action occurring simultaneously by M.Faday. Pogg. Ann. xcii. 152. -On phenomena of light and heat produced by a powerful galvanic battery ; formation of the luminous arch between metal and liquid and appearance of light on one of the electrodes immersed in the' liquid by 7.S.M.van-der FEiZ&gen. Pogg. Ann. xaiii. 297. -On the electro chemical function of oxygen by M. Yiard. Ann. Ch. Phys. [3] xlii. 5. -Method of estimating electro-motive forces by J.&gnauZd. Compt. rend. xxxviii. 35.-Observations thereupon Pogg. Ann. xci. 628. -On the electro-chemical decomposition of water by F hbhnc. Compt. rend. xxxviii. 444; Phil. Mag. [a] viii. 237. -On the voltaic decomposition of water by A. ConweZE. Phil. Mag. [4] vii. 426. _I__ Note on the decomposition of water by the electric current by M. Jamin. Compt. rend. xxxviii. 390 4g3; Phil. Nag. [4] vii. 298. -On voltametric measurements by 1% Zeidinger. Aun. Ch. Pharm. Ixxxviii. 57 ; Ann. Ch.Phys. [3] xli. 115. _I_ On the occurrerice of ozone and peroxide of hydrogen in the electrolysis of sulphuric acid by W. Heidinger. Chem. SOC.Qu. J. vii. 251. -On the results of a series of experiments on the decomposition of water by the galvanic battery with a view to obtain a constant and brilliant lime-light by X J. CaZZcn. Phil. Mag. [4] tii. 73; J. Fr. Inst. xxviii. 203. -Notice on the electrical preparation of the alkali and earth metals by R.Bunsen. Pogg. Ann. xcii. 648 ; J. Pharm. [3] xxvi. 3 11. -Electro-chemical treatment of silver lead and copper ores by M.BecpuereZ. Compt. rend. xxxviii. 1095 ; Chem. Gaz. 1854,859. -Electro-chemical deposition of duminium and silicium by G. Gore. J. Fr. Inst. [3] xuvii. 353 J. Pharm.[3] xxv 475, -Decomposition of' salts dissolved in water by the voltdo battery by J. Ch. d'AZmeidu. Compt. rend. xxxviii. 682. -A deductive view of olectro-metallic deposition by G. Gore. Pharm. J. Trans. xiii. 47'1. -On the preparation of metallic chromium by electrolysis by R.Bunsen. Pogg. Am. xci. 619; J. Pharm. [3] xxv. 472; Ann. Ch. Phys. [3] xli. 354. -On the law of electrolysis by H. Buf. Ann. Ch. Pharm. Ixxxviii. 117. -On the electrolysis of copper-salts and the law of electro-chemical equiva- lents by L. Soret. Gomgt. rend. xxxix. 504; Ann. Gh. Phys. [S] xlii. 257. -On the phenomena produced by two electric currents moving in the same circuit either in the same or in opposite directions by M. Masson. Compt. rend. xxxvii.849 ; Remarks on this communication by MM. Provostaye and Desaim. Ibid. 955. -On the mechanical distributions of electricity magnetism and galvanism by F TAomson. Phil. Mag. [4]vii. 192. -On some experiments made with Ruhmkorffs induction coil by J.P. Gassiot. Phil. Mag. [4]vii. 97. -On some facts relating to the electric current and light by Quet. Pogg. Ann. Ergdnzungs-Band iv. 3 50'1. IN BRITISH AND FOREIGN JOURNALS. 389 E I ec tricity.-On subterraneous electro-telegraph wires by M. Fara&y. Phil. Mag. [A] vii. 396. -On the action of non-conducting bodies in electric induction by P.Riesg. Pogg. Ann. xcii. 337. -On the electricity of plants by H. Bz$ Ann. Ch. Pharm. lxxxix. 76 ; Phil.Mag. [43 vii. 122. -On the explosion of mines by electricity by M. dzl Moncel. Compt. rend. xxxix. 649 801. -New experiments on the application of electricity to the firing of military mines by G. Yerdu. Cnmpt. rend xxxviii. 1024. -Abstract of researches on the effects of electric currents in uneqiially heated conductors and on other points of tliermo electricity by W.Thornson. Compt. rend. xxxix. 116; Proc. Roy. SOC. vii. 49. -Researches in thermo-electric.ity by V.Fhomson. Phil. Mag. [4] viii. 42. -On the application of the mechanical theory of heat to themlo-clecctric phenomena by R.Ckcrc.ri.-ns. Pogg. Ann. xc. 513. -Therniic researches on hyclro-electric currents by A. Fmre. Ann. Ch. Phys. (33 xl.203. -On some. thermo electric properties of the metals zinc and silver by R.Adie. Chem. SOC.Qu. J. vii. 300. -Researches on musculttr currents by J. Regnrruld. Compt. rend. xxxviii. &90. -Note on the effects of pressure and tension on the thermo electric pro- perties of non-crystallised metals by V.-l!homsoa. Corupt. rend. xxxix. 252. pNote on an electric regulator of heat for maintaining a constant tem-perature in a limited space by 2%. d~ MonceE. Compt. rend. xxxviii. 1027. -On the dissolution of urinary calculi in dilute saline fluids at the tem- perature of the body by the aid of electricity by H. Bence Jones Phil. Trans. 1853 179. -On the disintegration of urinary calculi by the lateral disruptive force of the electric discharge by 8.Robinson. Proc. Roy.Soc. vii. 99. E 1ements.-The numerical relations between the atomic weights with some thoughts on the classificstion of the chemical elementt; by ,I.P. Cooke,jua. Sill. Am J. [a] xvii. 387. -Considerations on some of the physical properties of bodies particularly with reference to the question Are the so-called elemeutary bodies really elementary? by J. 8. Groshuns. Pogg. Ann. Erganzungs-Band iv. 3 468. Endosiuose.-O)rzendosmoticec~uivalents by A. Pick. Pogg. Ann. xcii. 333. Ergot.-Note on the extract of ergot of rye called Eryotine Bonjean by M. Cailloud. J. Pharm. [3] xxv. 03. Erythromanni te.-On phycite and erythromannite by 22. Wagner J. pr Chem. lxi. 125. Ether -On the supposed action of iodide of potassium on pure ether and on the influence of light and heat upon ether by M.Luhens. J. Pharm. [3] xxvi. 274. Etherification.-On the theory of etherification by A. V.Villiurnson. Ann. Ch. Phys. [3J XI. 98. -Note on etherification by A. Beynoso. Compt. rend. xxxix. 606. -New theory of etherification by E. Robiquet. J. Phann. [3] xxvi. 1 G 1. TITLES OF CHEMICAL PAPERS Ethers,-Critical observations on Williamson's theory of water ethers and acids by H,KoZ6e. Ann. Ch. Pharm. xc. 46 ; Chem. SOC. Qu. J. vii. 109. -On the theory of water ethers and acids by C. Gerkardt. Ann. Ch. Pharm. xci. 198. . -A test of Williamson's theory of the alcohols and ethers by F. WrigBkon. Ann. Ch. Pharm. xc. 36. -Researches on the ethers by M. Berielot. Compt. rend. sxxvii. 855 ; Ann.Ch. Phys. [3] xli. 632; Chem. Gaz. 1854 32. -Note on the preparation of certain ethers by Ph. de Clermont. Compt. rend. xxxix. 338 -Decomposition of hydrobromic ether by potash and alcohol by M. BertlTLeZot. J. Pharm. [3] xxvi. 25; J. pr. Chem. Ixii. 415. -On ethers intermediate between the cenanthylic and the methylic ethylic and amylic series and on the constitution of castor-oil alcohol by A. T.WiZh. Ann. Ch. Phys. [3] xli. 103; J. pr. Chem. lxi. 259. -On cyanic and cyanuric ether and on the constitution of amides by A. Wurtz. Ann. Ch.Phys. [33 xlii. 43. -On the decomposition of the cyanic ethers by A. Wurtz. Chern. SOC. Qu. J. vii. 91. -Researches on the salicylic ethers by CA.Drioa. Compt. rend. xxxix. 122. -Compounds of the sulphides of ethyl and methyl with certain metallic chlorides by 4.Low. Ann. Ch. Phys. [3) xxxix. 439 R t h y1.-On the action of the halogen-compounds of ethyl and amyl on some vegetable alkaloids by H. How. Edinb. Phil. Trans. xsi. pt 1; Chem. Gaz 1854,322 342 365. -On some compounds of fenicyanic acid with ethyl by H. L. Buf. Ann. Ch. Pharm. xoi. 253. -On the chlorinated compounds derived from the sulphides of ethyl and methyl by M Rick Compt. rend. xxxix. 910. -On the action of iodide of ethyl on toluidine by R.1i8orZey and J. 8. AbeZ. Chem SOC.Qu. J. vii. 88. -On selenide of ethyl or selenethyl by C.A. Joy. Chem. SOC. Qu. J. vii. 93. -On a new phosphite of ethyl by A. T. WiZZiamSon. Proc. Roy. SOG.vii. 131; Chem. Gaz. 1854,334. -On pyrophosphate and phosphate of ethyl :by Ph. de Clermout. Ann. Ch. Pharm. xci. 375. -Researches on the arsenethyls by Hans LandoZt. Ann. Ch. Pharm. Ixxxix. 301; Chem. Gaz. 1854 81 102; Ann. Ch Phys. [3] xli. 95 ; Chem. SOC. Qu. J. vii. 258. -On bisniethyl and its compounds :by F. DiinBaupt. Chem. Gaz. 1854,261. -Researches on bismethyl and hydrargethyl by F. Diinkaupt. J. pr. Chem. lxi. 399 ; Chem. Gaz. 1854 261 292. -On hydrargethyl and its compounds by F. Diinihaupt. Chem. Gaz. 1854 292. -On some compounds of hydrargethyl and hydrargomethyl by A. Strecker. Compt. rend. xxxix. b7; Chem. SO~. Qu. J. vii. 277; Chern. Gsz. 1854,375. -On some new compounds of stibethyl by C Lowig. J. pr.Chem Ix. 358 ; Chem. Gaz. 1854 170. IN BRITISH AND FOREIGN JOURNALS. E thy l.-On plumbides of ethyl or pltimbethyls by Karl L;aw&. Ann. Ch. Pharm. Ixxxviii. 318 ; J. pr. Chem lx. 304; Chem. SOC. Qu. J. vij. 268; Chem. Gaz. 1854,172. __I On a new decomposition-product of tetrethylrtmmoniurn by C.VeZlrhz. Ann. Ch. Phys. [3] xli. 487. E thy 1 a M i n e.-On the formation and preparation of ethylamine by A. Gossmann. Ann. Ch. Pharm. xci. 122; Ann. Ch. Phys. [3] xlii. 246. -On some double salts of ethylamine and propylamine by M. Beckenschuss. Ann. Ch. Phys. [3] xl. 233. E thy1onicotine.-On ethylonicotioe by MH.Planla and Kehld. Ann. Ch. Phys. [3J xl. 230. Excrem ents.-On the immediate principles of the excrements of man and animals in the healthy condition by W.Marcet. Proc. Roy. SOC. vii. 153. F. Fat s.4n the composition and properties of fats by ?K Heilztz. Wien. Akad Ber. 1854 207 Chem. Gaz. 1854 3?2; J. Pharm. [3] xxvi. 813; J. pr. Chem. lxii 349. -On the compounds of glycerine with acids and on the synthesis of the proximate principles of animal fats by M. BerthZot. Ann. Cb. Phys. 133 xli. 257. -Synthesis of the fats. Pharm. J. Trans. xiii. 329. -Preliminary notice on the action of ammonia on the oils and fats by 2’. H. Rowney Chem. SOC.Qu.J vii. 200. -On mutton fat human fat and spermaceti by W. Hei9zlz. Ann. Ch. Phys. [3] xlii. 113. -Iuvestigation of the fat from the head of the spermaceti whale (Pbyseter macrocephalus) by P.Gotthard Hofstadh-.Ann. Ch. Pharm. xei. 177; Chem. Gaz. 1854 464. -On rnargaric acid in the fat of cantharides by A. G6ssmam. Ann. Ch. Pharm. lxxxix. 123. -Means of removing the rancid odour of fats Pharm. J. Trane. xiii. 684. -On the fat of Myristica otoba and a new body contained therein by E. Uricoechea. Ann. Ch. Pharm.xci. 369. Fe c ul om e t er.-Description of the feculometer an apparatus for determining the proportion of water in green or humid feculas used in various industrial operations by M. Bloch. Compt. rend. XxICix. 969. F e r rn en tat i o n .-On the influence of the air on fermen Cation and putrefa& tion by MM. Schrode~and Dmch. Ann. Ch. Pharm. lxxxix. 233; J. Pharm. [SJ xxv. 314. -Researches on gallio fermentation by E. Robipuet. Ann. Ch. Phye.[3] xxxix. 453. Ferrocyanides.-Constitution of the “melt” obtained in the manufacture of ferrocyanide of potassium. Pharm. J. Trans. xiii. 432. Ferricyanogen.-Direct volumetric estimation of ferricyanogen in its com-pounds by Ermt Lenssen. Ann. Ch. Pharm. xci. 240 ; Chem. Gaz. 1851 439. TITLES OF CHEMICAL PAPERS Ferrocy %nogen.-Volumetric determination of ferrocyanogen and ferri-cyanogen in their compounds by 3. de IIuelz. Ann. Ch. Pliarm. xc. I(i0 ; Chem. Gaz. 1854 291. Fil ters.-Stone filters by P.Bolley. Ann. Ch. Pharm. xci. 116. Fire.-New Greek fire. Sill. Am. J. [2] xviii. 288. Flame.-On tho electric conducting power of flame by H. Buf. Ann. Ch. I’!iarm. xc. 1. Flax.-On the gases evolved in steeping flax by Dr. Bodyes.Pharm. J. Trans. xiv. 231. -Report on the gases evolved in steeping flax and on the composition of the dressed flax fibre by J.F. Hodges. Chem. Gaz. 1854 457. -On the influence of citric tartaric and oxalic acids on cotton and flax fibres iinder the influence of dry heat md pressure of steam by F.C. Caluert. Chem. Gaz. 1851 440. Flour.-Researches on flour aDd bran by A. Fmpoli. Ann. Ch. Pham. xci. 107. Flowers.-Note on the colours of a considerable number of flowers by -K Chevreul. Compt. rend. xxxix. 213; Chem. Gaz. 1854 326 -On the colouring matter of flowers by M.L Fdmy and Cloez. J. Pharm. [3) xxv. 249 ; J. pr. Chem. lxii. 260. -Researches on the colouring matter of flowers by 3. FiZhoE. Compt. rend. xxxix. 104; Chem. Gtlz. 1864 320. FI uor e scenc e .-See Light.Fluorides.-Researches on the fluorides by E. Fre‘my. J. Pharm. [3] xxv. 2 $1 ; Compt. rend. xxxviii. 393 ; Chem Gaz. 1854 136 ; J. pr. Chem. Ixii. 65. F1uorine.-On the losses which minerals sustain by heat-Determination of their nature and quantity especially as regards fluorine by MM. H. Xte.-Chire Deuille and Pouqud. Compt rend. xxxviii. 317. _._ Action of fluorides on the animal economy by N. Muzcmenk. Compt. rend. xxxix. 538. Formul =.-On Dr. Kolbe’s additive formitla by A. ?.P. Williamson. Chem. SOC.QLI. J. vii. 122 ; Ann. Ch. Pharm. xci. 201. Foods.-On the equivalency of starch and sugar in foods by J.B. hwes and J. H. Gilbert. Chern. Gaz. 1854 386. Fraxi nine.-On fraxinine the crystallisable priiiciple in the bark of the Praxcinus excelsior or common ash by J.Stenhome.Phil. Mag. [4] \Tii. 501 ; Ann. Ch. Pharm. xci. 255. -Ou fraxinine by Bochleder and Schwurtz. Repert. Pharm. ii. 368; J. Pharm. [3] xxv. 74. Fyuticulture.-A contribution to fruticulture by Pr.Schulze. J. pr. Chem. lxii. 207. Fu ngi.-On the acids contained in certain fuugi by T.Dessaignes. Ann. Ch. Pharm. lxxxix. 120. Furfurine.-On the formation of amarine fwfurine and a new organic base anisiae by C. Bertugnini. Ann. Ch. Phaim. Ixxxviii. 127; Chem. SOC.Qu. J. vii. 95. FIIsel Oil.-On potato fuse1 oil-occurrence of propylic alcohol and capric acid therein by 8.h? Johnston. J. pr. Chem. lxii. 262. IN BRITISH AND FOREION JOURNALS. 343 G. Gas.-On the me of gas as fuel in organic analysis by A.F,Hgmann. Ann. Ch. Pharm. xc. 235 ; Ann. Ch. Phys. [3] xl 223. .___ Gas appzratus for organic analysis by G. 2czngnus. Chem. Soc. Qu. 5. vii. 250. -Description of an apparatus for organic analysis by illuminating gas rand on the use of this gas in experimental laboratories by C. TVedhriZZ. J. Fr. Inst. [3] xxviii. 184. -On the use of wood-gas for illumination in Heilbronn by H. FehZing. Chem. Gaz. 1854 239. -Examination of the gas of the Philadelphia gas-works by C.211. Wedherill. J. Fr. Inst. [3] xxviii. 35. G ases.-On the condensation of gases by solid bodies and on tlie heat evolved thereby by Jl.Favre. Compt. rend. xxxix. '729. -On an improved apparatus for the analysis of gases by 3.Frankland and W J.Ward. Ann. Ch. Pharm. lxxxviii. 82. -Researches on the transmission of electricity through gases at high tem- peratures ;by E. Becperel. Ann. Ch. Phys. xxxix. 585. -Apparatus intended to supersede Woolf's bottles for operations with gases. Pharm. J. Trans. xiii. 620. -On the electro-chemical polarity of gases by V.R.Grow. Pogg. Ann. xciii 417. Ge 1 atin .-Chemico technical observations on gelatin by Hylien-Cuvullias. J. pr. Chern. lxii. 140. Germination.-Experiments on germination by M. Yogel,jun J. Pharm. [3] xxv. 256. Olass.-On tlie electric conductivity of heated glass by H. Bgf. Ann. Ch. Phai-m. xc. 255; Ann. Ch. Phys. [33 xlii. 125; Phil. Mag. [4] viii. 12. -On the decolorisation OC glass by peroxide of manganese. Ann. Ch. Pharm.xc. 112; Chem. Gaz. 1654 300. -Manufacture of glass for the lenses of astronomical telescopes by M. & Peyronny. Compt. rend. xxxviii. 874. G1ucina.-Contributions to the chemical history of glucina by J ?%we%. Pogg. Ann. xcii. 91; Chem. Gaz. 1854,410. G 1u c i nu m.-On glucinum and its compounds by EL Dehay. Compt. rend. xxxviii. 784; Chem. Gaz. 1854 204 ; J. pr. Chem. Ixii. 186. G 1 uc o se.-On the presence of glucose in opium lactucmium thridace and in the vegetable kingdom in general by M. &hens. J. Pharm. j3) xxvi. 263. Gl u ten.-Researches on the gluten of wheat by E. Millon. Compt. rend. xxxviii. 12; J. Pharm. [3] xxv. 352. G 1y c er in @.-Action of iodide of phosphorus on glycerine by MM. Be&& and deLuca. Compt.rend. xxxix. 745; Chem. Oaz. 1654 448.-Action of hydriodic acid on glycerine Compt. rend. xxxix. 7'48; Chem. Gaz. 1854,481. -On the compounds of glycerine with acids and on the synthesis of the proximate principles of animal fats by H.Beerthelot (conclusion) Ann. Ch. Phys. [3] xli. 257 ; Compt. rend. xxxviii. 666; Chem. SOC. Qu.J. vii. 282 ; J. pr. Chem. lxii. 133 ; J. Pharm. 131 xxv. 340. TITLES OF CHEMICAL PAPERS G 1ycerine.-On glycerine and its use in various branches of medical prac tice by 31. Cass. J. Pharm. [33 xxv. 8I; xxvi. 81. Gold.-On the distribution of gold. J. pr. Chem. lxi 433. -On the detection of gold in lead and its compounds by J. Percy and R.Smith. Phil. 3ilrtg. [4] vii. 1%. -Pecuiiarity observed in a nugget of gold from Australia by M.Golfie-Besseyre. Ann. Ch. Phys [S] xl. 221. Gon iom e t er.-On a method of obtaining rapid ailjristrnents wit11 Wollaston’s goriiometer by C G. ;TViE&utns. Phil. Mag. [4] viii. 430. Grad u a ti o n.-Apparatus for graduat’ng cyliudriosl vessels by Carl Festicufl. Ann. Ch. Pharm. lxxxviii. 131. Grai n,-Note on the preservation of grain by .K.Briesch. Compt. rend. xxxvii. 902. -Infliience of the washing of grain on the quality of bran starch and bread by E. Millon. Compt. rend. xxxviii. 545. Grapes.-On the acid contained in unripe grapes bg R. Xchwartz. J. Pharm. [3] xxv. 80. G u aiac-resin.-On the products of the distillation of guaiac-resin by C. PoZckeZ. Ann. Ch. Pbarm. lxxxix. 345 ; J. Pharm. [3] xxv. 306. G urn.-Analysis of the ashes of many kinds of gum occurring in commerce by J.Liiwenthnl and 8.Hausmann. Ann. Ch. Phazm. lxxxix. 112 ; J. Pharm. [33 xxv. 395. G u n pow de r.-Analysis of gunpowder by C. Feltzien. Ann. Ch. Pharm. xc. 129. -On Chinese gunpowder by N. Rondot. J. Pharm. [3] xxvi. 56. Gy p su in.-Report on the salt and gypsum of the Preston valley of the Holston River Virginia by H. B. Rogers. Sill. Am. J. [2] xviii. 273. H. Harrna1a.-On the composition of the alkaloids of Harmala by J. Fritzsche. Bull. de St. Petersb. xii. 225 ; Chern. Gaz. 1854 205 452. He a t.-Au attempt to explain the expansiou of bodies by heat by 8,Pick. Pogg. Ann. xci. 287. -Ou the heat evolved in the condensation of gases by solid bodies by M. Pavre. Compt.rend. xxxix. 729. _L Determination of the emissive powers of bodies ctt high temperatures by MM. Provostaye and Desains. Compt. send. xxxriii. 440. -Fundamental principles of a thermo-chemical system by J. TAomxen. Pogg. Ann. xci. 63 ; xcii. 34. -Thermo-chemical researches on compounds formed in multiple propor- tions by P.A. Favre. J. Pharm. [3] xxiv. 412. -Thermic researches on hydro-electric currents by A. Favre. Ann. Ch. Phys. [3] xl. 293. -Memoir on the specific heat of gases under a constant volume on the heat evolved by the compression of the elastic fluids and on the calorific effects produced by the stoppage and movement of gases by P. Rtgnault. Compt. rend. xxxviii. 853. .-On the formula for the maximum pressure and latent heat of vapours by W.J.M.Rankine. Phil. Mag. [-41 viii. 530. IN BRITISH AND FOREIaN JOURNALS. 345 W e a t.-Transmission of heat through organic structures by J.2''ndaZZ. Phil. Trans. 1853 217. -New observations on the best method of determining the transcalescence of a lamina with regard to different calorific radiations by M. Melloni. Compt. rend. xxxviii. 429. -On the relation between the transmission of radiant heat through crystals and the direction in which it passes by W.Knotlawh. Pogg. Ann. xciii. 161. _I On the application of the mechanical theory of heat to thermo-electric phenomena by R.Cluusius. Pogg. Ann. xc 513. I_ On the mechauical action of heat by W J. M.&nkine. Phil. Mag. [4] Fii. 2 111 172 239. I_ On the conductibility of metals for heat by G.Wiedemann and R.Franz. Phil. Mag. [4] vii. 33. -On the economy of the heating or cooling of buildings by means of cur- rents of air by W.T&onzson. Phil. Mag. [4] vii. 138. -On the losses which minerals sustain by heat by MM H. ate-Claire Deville and PoupuL Compt. rend. xxxviii. 317. -Temperature of the interior of the earth. Sill. Am. J. [2] xviii. 432. -Observations on the temperatures of the soil compared with those of the air by MM. Mduguti and Burocher. Compt. rend xxxviii. 785. -On the thermal effects of fluids in motion by F. Thornson and J.P, Jozde. Phil. Trans. 1853 367. -On the temperature of springs by Hdmann. Pogg. Ann. xcii 658. I_ On the generation of heat by electricity by P.Biess.Phil. Mag. [4] vii. 348 428. -On the heat. and cold developed at the point of contact of two conductors in the voltaic circuit by 2. Franke&im. Pogg Ann. xci. 161. -On the heat evolved by electric currents by R. Clausius. Ann. Ch. Phys [3] xlii. 123. -On the heat produced by an electric discharge by R.Clazcsizls. Phil. Mag. [43 vii 29'7. -3n the beat produced by an electric discharge by T.Thmon. Phil. Mag. [4Jvii. 347. -Note on an electric regulator of heat for maintaining a constant temps rature in a limited space by Fh. du Moncel. Compt. rend. xxxviii. 102'7.-Note on the same by J.$Iuisfre ibid. 1059. Hem ati n.-New method of separating hematin from globulin by F. FitticlE.J. pr. Chem. lxi. 11. Herrin gs.-On the existence of trimethylamine in tho brine of salted her- rings by G. H WinkZes. Chem. SOC.Qu J. vii. 63. Hommomorphism.-See Crys'alline Form. Ho m o1o gy.-Illustrations of chemical homology by 2'. S Huizt. Sill. Am. J. [27 xviii. 269. Hydrargethy1.-On hydrargettiyf and its compounds by It. Biinliaupb. Chem. Gaz. 1854 292. -On some compounds of hydrargethyl and hydrargomethyl by A. Xtrecker. Compt. rend. nix. 57; Chem. Soc. QU. J. vii. 277; Chem. Gaz. 1854 375. Hy drst es.-Observations on certain hydrates and especially on ferric hydrate by B. Leroy. J. Pharm. [3] xxv. 359. 346 TITLES OF CHEMICAL PAPERS Hydrocarbons.-Improvements in the treatment of naphthas and other volatile hydrocarbons (F.C. Crtlvert’s patent). Chem. Gaz. 185%) 309. -On some hydrocarbons obtained from coal-tar napbtha by M. Rittiausen. J. pr. Chem. lxi. 174; J. Phsrm. [3] xxvi. 71. Hy d r o cy an a 1d in e.-On hydrocyanaldine by A. Strecker. Compt. rend. xxxix. 55; Chem. SOC.Qu. J. vii. 275; Phil. Mag. [4] viii. 326. Hydrogen.-On the active niodifications of hydrogen and oxygen by J. Osann. J. pr. Chem. lxi. 500 ; J. Pharm. [3] xxvi. 68. -On the occurrence of ozone and peroxide of hydrogen in the electrolysis of sulphuric acid by H. Meidimpr. Chem. SOC. Qu. J. vii. 251. -On the theoretical relations of water and hydrogen by Z! S. Hi&. Sill. Am. J. [2] xvii. 194; Chem. Oaz. 1854 181. -On the use of hydrogen and carbonic acid gas to displace sulphuretted hydrogen in the analysis of mineral waters by TK B.Rodgers and R.I$. Rodgers. Sill. Am. J. [2] xviii. 213; Chem. Gaz. 1854 410. -Remark on peroxide of hydrogen Ann. Ch. Pharm. xci. 127. Hygrometer.-Onanew hygrometer or dew-point instrument by A. Connell. Phil. Mag. [4] viii. 81. Hygrometry.-On a new hydrometer by 3. H. w. Buumhauer. Pogg. Ann. xciii. 343. I. Ice.-On thelatent and specific heat of ice by 2ngstrom. Pogg. Ann. xc. 509. Ic h t h y osis.-Hippuric acid in the scales in ich thyosis by S. Schlossberger. Ann. Ch. Pharm. xc. 378; J.pr. Chem. Ixiii. 58; J.Pharm. [3] xxvi. 397. Igasurine.-Report on a thesis by M. Desnoix on the loganiaceous family and on igasurine by M. Blondeau,jun. J. Pharm. [3] xxv.206. Illumination.-On the manufacture of wood-gas for illumination in Heil-Fehling. Chem. Gaz. 2854 239. bronn by €I. I mp e r at orin e.-On the identity of peucedanine with imperatorine :by R. tpagwr. J. pr. Cbem. lxii. 275 ; Chem. Gaz. 1854 487. Incrustations. -Method of preventing incrustations in boilers by R.Fresenius. J. Pharm. [3] xxvi. 145. -Researches on the incrustation of bcders by M. Coustd. Ann. Min. [S] v. 69. -On the various means of preventing incrustations in steam-boilers by Dr. Elsner. Schweiz. Gewerbsbl. 1854 37 ; Chem. Gaz. 1854 259. Indigo.-On tests for indigo. J. pr. Chem. lxii. 509. -Formation of indigo in the human organism by H. v. Sicher. Ann. Ch. Pharm. xc. 120; Chem. Gaz. 1851 268. -On the frequent occurrence of indigo in human urine and on its chemical physiological and pathological relations by A.H. Hassall Proc. Roy. Soe. vii. 122; Chem. Gaz. 1854 320; J. Pharm. r3-j xxv. 336. -On the use of sulphopurpuric acid or red sulpbate of indigo in the dyeing of worsted and silk by B.Hoe$ely. Chem. Gaz. 1854 79. In fa sor i a,-Substance of green infusoria by the Prince of Salm Horstmar. Pogg. Ann. xciii. 159. Ink.-Composition of an indelible ink for writing upon zinc. J. Pharm. [S] xxvi. 141. IN BRITISH AND FOREIGN JOURNALS 1nuline.-Note on the preparation of indine by M. Thirauld J. Pharm. [33 xxv.205; Chem. Gaz. 1854 233. I o d in e.-Bromine and iodine in Chili nitre. Phaim. J. Trans. xiii. 339. -Iodine in chemical reagents. Pharm.J. Trans. xiii. 495. -On the distribution of iodine in the mineral vegetable and animal kingdoms by 8.Macadrtm. Pharm. J. Trans. xiv. 265. -On the presence of iodine in the lain-water running water and plants of the Antilles and the coasts of the Mediterranean by A. Chatin. Compt. rend. xxxvii. 258. -Presence of iodine in minerals plants and animals by E. Riegel. Pharm. J. Tmns. xiv. 24. -Percentage of iodine in the mater of the river Almendares in the land- plants and in the atmosphere of tropical countries. Pharm. J. Trans. xiii. 385. -Xethod of detecting the presence of iodine and estimating its quantity by S. de hcu. J. Pharm. [3] xxv. 17 ; Pharm. J. Trans. xiii. 434; Chem. Gaz. 1854 77. -Detection of iodine in the air rain water and snow by S.de Luca. J. Pharm. [S] xxvi. 250. __L Detection of iodine -Remarks on the results ohtairred by various chemists by A. ChuCin. J. Pharrn. [33 XHV. 192. -On the estimation of iodine by 31.Kersting. Ann. Ch. Pbys. [3] xli. 493 ; Chem. Gaz. 1854 156. -Reaction of iodine and chlorine with nitrate of silver by Weltzien. Ann. Ch. Phaim. xci. 43. -New method of separating iodine from its compounds by A. Overbeck J. Pharm. [S] xxv. 47. -On the qualitative and quantitative analysis of iodine aud on its sepa- ration from bromine and chlorine by means of benzin and nitrate of silver by 3. Moride. Ann. Ch. Phys. [3] xxxix. 451. -On a general method of substituting iodine for hydrogen in organic com-pounds and on the properties of iodopyromeconic acid by J.P. Brown. Ed. Phil. Trans.; Phil. Mag. [4] viii. 201. -On iodine a3 an antidote to the curara poison by NX. Brainard and Greene Compt. rend. xxxviii. 41 1. -On the so-called iodide of nitrogen by J. E. GZadstoone. Chem. Soc. Qu. J. vii. 51. -On the preparation of iodide of potassium. Arch. Pharm. Ixxvii. 8; Chem. Gaz. 1854 214. -Improvenients in obtaiuing iodide of potassium whctn treating certain metals (Lyte’s patent). Chem. Gaz. 1854 160. _3 On a new compound of iodine by XZ.Sorpzcet and GuiZZemond. J. Pharm. [3] xxvi. 280. -On the action of iodide of ethyl on toluidine by R.1. MorZey and J. 8. -On the periodides of the compound ammonium-molecules by Weltzien. Bbel.Chem. SOC. Qu. J. vii. 68. Ann. Ch. Pharm. xci. 33. -Action of iodide of phosphorus and of hydriodic acid on glycerine by 3LW. BertheZot and de &ma. Compt. rend. xxxix. 745 748. 1odoform.-On a curious property of a solution of iodoform in bisulphide of carbon by 31. HemBert. ;1. Pharni. [3] xxvi. 194. TITLES OF CHEMICAL PAPERS Iron.-Experiments on the electric conducting power of magnetised iron by Edlzcnd. Pogg. Ann. xciii. 315. -On the fluorescence exhibited by certain iron- and platinum-salts by J. H. Gladstone. Chem. Gaz. 1856 420. -Magnetio iron of the beds of the Perokie range on the south shore of Lake Superior by B. 2'. Isherwood. J. Fr. Inst. f3] xxvii. 257. -Magnetic oxide of iron and irofi reduced by hydrogen Pharm.J. Trans. xiii. 331. -On a new process for preparing powder of iron by A. Hwgan. Pharm J. Trans. xiv. 136. -On a new method of preparing the red oxide of iron in a state fit for polishing glass and metals by diz. Yogel,jzsn. J.Pharm. 133 xxvi. 31 ; Chem. Gaz. 185441 0 ; Pharm. J. Trans. xiv. 226. -On the crystalline hydrate of oxide of iron by ZirnbergeT and Wittstei7a. Chem. Gaz. 1854 55. -On the separation of protoxide and sesquioxide of iron in certain silicates by 2'. o. XobeZZ. Ann. Ch. Pharm. xc. 244 -On the separation of protoxide and sesquioxide of iron by Z'h. Schemer. Pogg. Ann. xciii. 449. -Preparation of a double salt containing protoxide of iron. Phain. J. Trans xiii. 635. -Carbonate of iron as a means of stopping hsemorrhage.Pharm. J. Trans. xiii. 684. -On the green colour of the alkali-ferric oxalates and the white of the iron alums by Haidinger. Wen. Akad. Ber. xi. 1015. -On the phosphate of iron and manganese from Norwich (Mass.) by J. 77.iVcz2Zet. Sill. Am. J. [2] xviii. 33. -On an anbydrous persulphate of iron by P.Hu&. Chem. Gaz. 1854 350. -Observstions on the preparation of sesquichloride of iron by M. GobZey. J. Pharm. [S] xxv. 259 ; Pharm. J. Trans. xiv. 225. -On some double salts of iron by W.Bastick. Pharm J. Trans. xiii. 6.39. -On the action of protosalts of iron on nitronaphthaline and nitrobenzine by A. Bkchump. Compt. ren& xxxix 26. -On the compounds of ferric oxide with nitric acid by S.&msmam. Ann Ch. Pharm. lxxxix. 109 ; J. Pharm. [3] xxv. 239 ; Chem. Gaz. 1854 211. -Coating iron with copper. J. Fr. Tnst. [3] xxvi. 283, -On Fuchs's method for the determination of iron by J R.Bra& Sill. Am. J. IS] xviii. 227. -On Fuchs's method of estimating iron by J. Gwe. 5.pr. Chem. lxi. 127. -On the estimation of alumina and sesquioxide of iron by F. o. XobelG. Ann. Ch. Pharm. xc. 251 ; Chem. Gaz. 1854,812; J. pr. Chern. lxii. 97. -Indirect method of determining alumina and the oxides of iron when they occur together by J. Teeren. Pogg. Ann. xciii. 456. -Iron-alum. Pharrn. J. Trans. xiii. 307. -On the corrosive action of sugar on iron and other metals by J. R. Gbdstone.Chem. SOC.Qu. J. vii. 195. -Quevenne's iron. Pbarm. J. Trans. xiii. 438,485. -Sacchtlrine carbonate of iron and manganese by 8. I! #peep. Pharm. J. Trans. xiii 339. IN BRITISFJ AND FOREIQN JOURNALS I ran.-Ferrate of potash as an antidote to arsenic :by M. Chttel. J. Phann. [3] xxv. 395. -Iron-blue-earth of very recent formation by 3’.Sandberger. Pogg. Ann. xcii. 494. -Analyses of meteoric iron from Toluca (Mexico) and from the Cape of Good Hope by E. Uricoecltea. Ann. Pharm. xci. 249. -Meteoric iron from Greenland by Ir’orchAammer Pogg. Ann. xciii. 155. -New localities of meteoric iron from Putnam County Georgia by J. E. WiZZet. Sill. Am. J. [s] xvii. 331. Iso m or p h i sm.-See Crystalline Form. Ivory.-Andysis of fossil ivory by F.Wicke. Ann. Ch. Pharm. xc. 100 ; J. Pharm. [3] xxvj. 393. L. Lab el s.-Indestructible labels for acid vessels. Pharm. J. .Trans. xiii. 342. Lac tucarium.-On the presence of glucoss in lactucarium by M. LuAens. J. Pharm. [S] xxvi. 263. Lamp.-Gas-lamp for chemical laboratories by 3.ET. v. BazlmAauer. Ann. Ch. Pharm. xc. 21. -Lamp for producing very high temperatures by R.Xte.-C&ire BevilZe Compt. rend. xxxvii. 1003 ; Pogg. Ann. xcii. 263. Lava,-On the composition of lava from Etna :by C. v. Rauer. J. pr. Chem. lxi. 224. L e ad.-Electro-chemical treatment of lead-ores by M. Becquerel. Compt. rend. xxxviii. 1095 ; Chem. Gaz. 1854 3h9. -Reduction of lead by cyanide of potassium by E. Rose. J. pr. Chem. lxi. 188; J. Pharm. [3] xxv.476. -Analysis of 1ead.speiss tsom Oeblarn in Upper Styria by Guido ScAegzei. J. pr. Chem. lxii. 233. .-Hydrochloric acid as a test for lead in English sulphuric acid by P.Bolky. Ann. Ch. Pharm xci. 113, -Ammoniacal salts as solvents for certain sparingly soluble lead salts in analytical operations by P.BolZq. Ann. Ch. Pharm. xci. 115. 7 On the detection of gold in lead and its compounds by J. Percy and R.Smith. Phil. Mag. [a] vii. 126. -On the desilvering of lead by means of zinc by G. Montejoore-hy. J pr. Chem. 1854 257. -Note on the conversion of protoxide of lead into minium at ordinary temperatures by A. AevoZ. Ann. Ch. Phys. [3) xlii. 196. -On sesquioxide of lead by X. Eausmann. Ann Ch. Pharm. xc. 235. -Advantageous method of preparing peroxide of lead.Ann. Ch. Pharm. xc. 383; J. Pharm. [a] xxvi. 398; J. pr. Chem. 19%. 68. -Results of measurements of crystals of native sulphate of lead by N. v. Kokscharozo. Compt. rend. xci. 154. -Behaviour of sulphate of lead at a red heat. J. pr. Chem lxii. 331. -Note on the crystalline form of a new vanadiate of lead :by H,DescZoizeagx. Ann. Ch. Phys. [3] xli. 7’8. -On plumbides of ethyl or plumbethyls by Kart Bwig. J. pr. Cheii:. Ix. 301; Ann. Ch. Pharm. ixxxviii. 318; Chem. Soc. Qu. J. rii. 2W. 350 TITLES OF CHEMICAL PAPERS Len1o n-juice.-Analysis of the ash of lemonjuice by H. M. Ti,?/. Cbem. SOC.Qu. J. vii. 44. Le uc i n.-Contribution to the chemical history of leucin by 8. Gossmagn. Ann. Ch. Pharm. xci. 129 ; Chem.Gaz. 1854,467. -Conversion of thialdin into leuciu by A. Giissmann. Compt. rend. xxxviii. 556; Chem. Gaz. 1834 179 325; Aun. Ch. Pharru. xc. 184; J. Pharm. [3] xxvi. 156. Light.-On the change of refrangibility of light No. 11 by G. Stokes. Phil. Trans. 1853 385 ; P~gg.Ann. xci. 158. -New researches on the coloured impressions produced during the chemical action of light (third memoir) by B. Becyuerel. Compt. rend. xxxix. 63 ; Ann. Ch. Phys. [3] xlii. 81. -On the fluorescence exhibited by certain iron- and platinum-salts by J. H. Gladstone. Chem. Gaz. 1851 420. -Action of the solar rays on a mixture of nitric acid and sulphide of carbon by Jf. Z'ifereau. Compt. rend. xxxix. 692. -Observations economical and sanitary on the employment of chemical light for artificial illumination by E.Frankland. Proc. Roy. Tnst. of Gr. Britain 1853 310 ; Sill. Am. J. [2] xviii. 203. Light (Polarised).-Circulitr polarisation of light by chlorrtte of soda by H. .Xurbach. Pogg. Ann. xci. 482. -On the phelmnena of aggregate-polarisation in boracite by G. H. 0. Polger. l'ogg. Ann. xcii. 77. Lignin.-Manufacturing process for converting lignin into sugar and alcohol by M. Arnodd. Compt. rend. xxxix. 807 Li gn it e.-See Ninerals. Lime.-On carbonate of lime ]we-existing in plants in their normal state and on its estimation by M. Payen. Compt. rend. xxxviii. 2.41 ; Ann. Ch. Pltys. [:+I xli. 164. -On the decomposition of sulpilate and phosphate of lime by hydrochloric acid by Cari-7Iantrand.Compt. rend. xxxviii. 664 ; Chem. Gaz. 1854,265. -Vienna lime. J. pr. Chem. lxii. 382. Li me-j u i ce.-Preparation of lime-juice essential oil &c. by P. A. Xirnonds. Pharm. J. Trans. xiii. 473. I,im e-st on e.-See Blinerals. Li~iaria.-On the constituents of Linaria cymbalaria by M. Walz. J. pr. Chem. xxvii. 120; Chem. Gaz. 1854 ?5 ; Pharm. J. Trans. xiii. 683. Lingul a-On the chemical composition of recent and fossil lingulae and some other shelis by V.E. Logan and 2'. S.Bunt. Phil. Xag. [a] vii. 326. Li tharge.-;Vlethod of testing litlisrge for copper and iron and of purifying it from them. Pharm. J. Trans. xiii. 681. Lith ia,-On some physical properties of nitrate of lithia by P.Krerners. I'ogg Ann. xcii. 520. Li th o 1o gy.-Li thological researches by C.Ste.-Claire Beville. Compt. rend. xxxviii. 401 ; Phil. Mag. [a] vii. 300 ; Ann. Ch. Phys. [S] XI. 257. Logan i ace @.-Report on a thesis by M. Desnoix 011 the loganiaeeous family and on igasurine by M. Blondeatl jun. J. Phmm. [33 xxv. 202. IN BRITISH AND FOREIGN JOURNALS. 351 Lup u1ine.-Natural and chemical history of Iupuline by J. Personne. Compt. rend. xxxviii. 309; Chem. Gaz. 1854 188; J. Pharm. [S] xxvi. 241. -Chemical and natural history of lupuline by M. Personrte part 2. J. Pharm. [3] xxvi. 329. M ad der.-On the action of the ferment of madder on sugar by E. Xchunck. Phil. Mag. [a] viii. 161. -Alcohol from the wash-water of madder. J. pr. Chem. lxii. 606 M agnesia.-Improvements in the manufacture of certain salts of magnesia (T.Richardson's patent). Chem. Gaz. 2854 119. -Manufacture of carbonate of magnesia. Pharm. J. Trans. xiv. 221. -Manufacture of sulphate of magnesia from bittern the "rough Epoms'' of the alum-manufacturer native carbonate of magnesia magnesinn schist &c. Pharm. J. Trans. xiv. 71 125. b1alates.-Malate of lime in the leaves of the common ash. Pharm. J. Trans xiii. 385. M a n g a n e se.-Separation of manganese from iron and nickel by 3L Schiel. Sill.Am. J. [S] xv. 2'75; J. Pharm. [3] xxv. 393. -Separation of oxide of manganese from other bases by T,Gibbs. Ann. Ch. Phys. [3] xl. 233. -On the coloration of manganous salts by M. Gorym. Ann. Ch. Phys. [S] xlii. 70. -On some new and simple methods of detecting manganese by 8.Duzy.Chem. Gaz. 1854 117. -On the action of peroxide of manganese in decolorising glass. Ann. Ch. Pharm. xc. 112 ; Chem. Gaz. 1884 300. -On the phosphate of iron and manganese from Norwich Mass. by J. W. Mallet. Sill. Am. J. [S] xviii. 33. -Saccharine carbonate of iron and manganese by 8 F.Xpeer. Pharm. J. Trans. xiii. 339. -On crystallised manganate of potash by C.Zwenger. Ann. Ch. Pharm. xci. 46. -Detection of manganese in the blood by M. Glinard. J. Pharm. [3] xxvi. 184. Manna.-Varieties of manna not produced by the ash by X. Landerer. Pharm. J. Trans. xiii. 411. Manure.-Fifth note on the preservation of azotised substances in maiiures by Jf. Payen. Conipt.rend. xxxviii. 21. -Method of increasing the value of farm-manures by M. Rozet. Compt. rend. xxxviii. 749. -Note on a new manure prepared with dried fish and pulverised by M. de Molon. Compt. rend. xxxviii. 1018. Meat.-Preservation of meat milk &c. Pharm. J. Trans. xiv. 233. M er c u ry.-Discovery of mercury in the Luneburg diluvial formation by J.F. L. Ilausmann. Pogg. Ann. xcii. 168 J. pr. Chem. lxii. 1. __.-Experiments to determine the elastic force of inercurial vapour at diffe-rent temperatures by A. Benediz. Pogg. Ann. xcii. 632. TITLES OF CHEMICAL PAPERS Mercury.-Compounds of mercuric oxide with allantok by H. Limpricht. Ann. Ch. Pharm. lxxxviii. 94. -Note on a new double salt of mercury by E. St.-Ewe. Ann. Ch. Phys.[3] xli. 461; Chem. Gaz. 1854 385. -Note on the limit of the vaporisation of mercury by M. Brame. Compt. rend. xxxix. 1013. -On mercuric sulphate by E.Eisfeldt. Arch. Pharm. Ixxxvi. 16; Chein. Gaz. 1854 92. -On some new mercuric and cuprous sulphites by L. Pe‘an de St.-Gilles. Ann. Ch. Phys. [8] xlii. 23. -On hydrargethyl and its compounds by P.Dunhaiipt. Chem. Gaz. 1854 292. I_ On some compounds of hydrztrgetltyl and hydrargomethyl by A. Strecker. Compt. rend. xxxix. 57; Chem. SOC. Qu. J. vii. 277; Chem. Gaz. 1854 375. -Analysis of chlorocyanide of mercury by J. Weeran. Pogg. Ann. xciii. 46 I. Me ta1s.-Improvements in separating certain metals from their ores and alloys (Napier’s patent). Chem. Gaz. 1854 18. -On some peculiar reductions of metals in the humid way by P.Fohler. Phil. Xag. [4]vii. 297. -New process for desulphurising metals by E. HbEZa9zd. Sill. Am.J. [8] xviii. 2!)1. -Notice on the electrical preparation of the alkali- and earth metals by R.Bunsen. Pogg. Ann. xcii. 648 ; J. Pharm. [3] xxvi 311; Chem. Gaz. 1854 408. -On the industrial employment of the earth-metals by A. Chenot. Compt. rend. xxxix. 428 635 ; Chem. Gaz. 1864,410. -On the corrosive action of sngar on irou and other metals by J. K. Gladstone. Chem. SOC. Qu. J. vii. 196. -On oxidised Rose’s metal by 3.TYugner. J. pr. Chem. Ixi. 125. -Observations on the metals contained in columbite and tantaiite by A. Cor~weZZ. Sill. Am. J. [I xviii 392. -On the conductibility of metals for electricity by Tim Breda and I;ogmnn.Phil. Mag. [4] viii. 465. M e t e o ri t e s.-Tenth addendum to Chladni’s Reports on fiery meteors and fallen masses by G. o. BogusZawski. Pogg. Ann. Erganzungs-Band iv. 3 353. -On a new meteorite from New Mexico by F. 8.Genth. Phil. Mag. [43 vii. 378. -Meteoric stone fallen near Mezo-Madaras in Transylvania. Pogg. Ann. xci. 627. -Meteoric iron from Greenland by Porchhammer. Pogg. Ann. xciii. 158. -Analysis of meteoric iron from Toluca (Mexico) and from the Cape of Good Hope by 8.Uricoechea. Ann. Pharm. xci. 249. -New localities of meteoric iron from Putnam County Georgia by J. E. Fillet. Sill. Am. J. [2] xvii. 331. -Notice of three ponderous masses of meteoric iron at Taczon Sonora by C.U.Shephard. Sill Am. J. [2] xviii. 54. M et h y I.-Examination of some methylise6 organic Lases by C. Stahkuhmidt. Ann. Ch.Pharm. xc. 218. IN BRITISH AND FOREIGN JOURNALS. RI ct hy 1.-On the prepamtion of iiicthylic :ilcohol by W. Could. Chem. SOC. Qii. J. vii. 311. -Action of iodide of methyl on a:dchyde-animonia by Mm. Xuenc. Diez. Ann. Ch. Pliarm. xc. 801 ; J. pr. Chein. ixiii. 56. -On the existence of triu~etli3liciiiiilOiu the iiriiiu of sitltc~1iierrings by G. H. Winkles. Cheni. So(+.Qu. J. vii. 63. -On some compounds of hydrargethyl ant1 hyclrnrgornetliyl by A.Xtrecker. Compt. reud. xxxix. 87; Chern. Soe. Qu. J. vii. 277; Chem. Gaz 1854 375. -On the chlorinated compounds derived froin the sulpllidea of ethyl and methyl by M.Riche. Compt. rend. suxix. 910. Rfethpluni bethy1.-On methpluml~ethyl:try C. .&wig. J. pr. Chem. Ix. 304 Ann. Cli. Pharin. lxxxviii. 318 ; Chei-n. Gaz. 1854 818. Mi 1k.-Report on Dr. Rosenthal’s uiemoir on a process for detecting atlui tc>-ration in milk by $ILK.Quevenne &lidGuultiet. de Claubry. J. 1’hilt.Ilt. [3] xxvi. 214. __I Observations on milk by A. Morzn. J. Phtwm. [S] xxv. 423 ; J. pi.. Chem. lxii. 509. -New method of estimating the quantity of butter in milk by 3.Mcirchand. J. Pharm. [;33 xxvi. 84d.-Report thereupon by Bouklay Boutroa and Bussy ibid. 262. RI i n e rals.-fteseitrohes on the artificial formation of minerals of the silicate and alnminate families by the action of vapours 011 rocks by il.1 Daubrde.Conipt. rend. xsxix. 135 ; J. pr. Cheni. lxiii. 1. ou the losses which minerals sustain by heat-l)etclli.iiiiiiation of their nature and quantity especially as regards fluoriue I)y LKTI.N.Ste.-Claire Dede and Fouquk. Coinpt. rend. xxxviii. 3 17. -Ou the action of comnion salt in the formation of niinerals by J. C. Porchhammer. I’ogg. Ann. xci. 568. -On the preparation of erystnllised mitierals in the humid way by a uni versally applicable method of crystttlllisation with reference to tlie natural relations by A. &wermann. Ann. Ch. Pttarm. Ixxxix. 1 1 ; J. Pharm. [3] xxv. 231. -Artificial forrnation of crystallised iniuerals in the humid way by H. Yohk. Ann. Ch. Phaim. lxxxviii. 114; J. pr.Chem. lxi. 439 ; J. Pharni. [3] xxv. 417. -On the homoeomorphism of mineral species of the trimetric system by J. D. Dana. Sill. Am. J. [t?] xviii. 35. Contributions to chemical inineralogy by J. I). Duna. Part 1.-1. Brooke and Miller’s miueralogy. 2. Von Kobell’s Mineral-Namen. 3. The Krystallo-chemisches Mineral-st stern of Gosiav Rose. 4. Crystul-lisatioti of healandite of Cleveland. 5. Crystallisacion of Iwucite. 6. Ciys-tallisation of hVtkOmagneSite and its Ii~~o?O~~~phlStn With woiiastonite. 7. HomceJiiior,-jhism of gypsum and Iteiilandite. 8. Homceoniorphbm of brookite and wlumbite. 9. Anhydrite. 10. Valentiiiite or white airtiuiony, and seriarii ontite. Sill. Am. J. [z] xvii. 78-88 Part II.-l. Relations of anhydrous carbonates and sulpliates.2. Hom~ornorpliisr, of bervl pyrosmalite dioptase atid eudialyte. 3. Homaeumorphism of pyrrhoiine { iiiagnetic pyrires) greenorkite tireithau tite roi)per-nickel nepheiine cancrmte. 4. HomcEoniorpliism of willeriiite phet acitr an J the species of the corundum groqi. 5. ~0iwmrw”~hiSIn of apolthylliie nagy-HKite urnnittl anatase nratlockite. 6. Hoi~~ceornorpliism of iomeine, idocrasr cerdslrie chi011,~1~1aunile 7. ilctr* (litil otphisiii of s)lviricit , nitnpitkel. 8. i~cheomn2pliismoi arrcinlusite topaz stauroticie. 9 l)lh-cr site nitlietire aiiitguiilte A(.. 10. Augite uiid wollastariite I 1. YIIO-VOL. v1:.-xo. ss\111. A A TITLES OF CHEMICAL PAPERS lusite and gothite not closely homeomorplious. 12. Homeomorphism of monazite lazulite.13. Datholite nnd ewlase. 14. Isodimorphism of tourmaline and calcite. 15. Observations on the formulas art4 relations of some species euclnse datholite and sphene ; beryl and eudialyte ; pyr-rhotine and gre,l:ocl;ite. Sill. Am. J. [s] xvii. 210-221 hl iner;tls.-(;ontribiitions to iiliucralogy by J. D.Uann. Sill. Am. J. I:?] xviii. %L9. 1. On the relation of Ieadhillite in crystallisation to the anhydrous sutphates and carbonates. 2. On the so-called silico-titanates and silieo-tadalates. 3. Tourmaline. -Contritwtions to mineralogy by J.D.Dana. Sill. Am. J. [2] xviii. 417. Copper-glance pyrites mispickel quartz pyroxene spaduniene babingtonite zircon iilocrase albite losoclase topaz tourmaline apopliylfite barytes or heavy spar anglesite keuotime Lakite dolomite.-Contribut.ions to minwalogy tty F. A. Genth. Sjll.Am. J. [J xviii. 410. Pyraphyllite chrysolite scolecite ;owenite identical with thuringite. -Mineralogical axtracts (1582) :by E. de Xdnamiolzt. Ann. Xin. [5] iv. 129 -Minernlogicd notices by 8.Kenngott. First Series.-Wien Akad. Ber. ix. 557 Zinkenite 557; gypsum 561. anti-monide of silver 568; arsenical pyrites (dana&) 583 ; senxnhtit 587 ; liebenerite and gieseckite 595 ; natrolite (brevicitc) GO3 ; quartz 605; cryptolite 607 ;ruby silver (Rothgiiltigerz) 609; diaspore 10 ;needle iron ore 610. Second Series.-x. 179 Needle iron ore enclosed in sunstone 179 ; ppromor-phile 180. arsenitle of silver 180; gold crystals from VorBspatBk 181 ; diamind i82; baralite 268 ;iaralite 289; eancrinite 290; chaliiite 290 ; beckite 293 ; a,rgrtgation of com~non and white iron pyrite- 293.felsii- banite 294 * bgrthierin 291 new hydrated silicate and phoiphatk from Bavenb (?J ih Italy 298;'triplite from Norwich (Mass.) 611 ;aegyrine GI4 ; mica 615. Third Series.-xi. 12 Arra~oniteaiidcalc-s~ar, 12; fluor-spar 16 and 22 ;tellu-ride of silver 20 ; erucilite 20. Fourth Series.-xi. 290 Calcspar and arraronite 290 ; quartz 294 ;iron-glance and neetile iron-ore enclosed in dicltroite 299. Fifth Seria s.,-xi. 378 Gypsum 378. 380 381 382 ; polyhalite 383 ; brogni~rtin (glauberite) 386; quartz 357 ; chrysotil 388; sp. gr. of iron-pyrites 392. Sixth Series.-xi. 604. Seventh Series.-xi. 750 Alstonite 750 ;sulphato-carbonate of barytes 752 ; quartz 756 ; copper-bloom and red copper ore 757.Eighth Series.-xi. 977 Sylvanite 977 ; chiolite 980; orpiment 982 ; alstonite, 930. Ninth Series.-xii. 22 Corellin 22 ; ferruginous cobalt-glance 24 ; crystalline forms of ehlite 'effersonite and stissolin 26 ; composition of tourmaline 29; new form of aiihite 41. Tenth Series.-xii. 161 Unqtharite an independent sjtecies ; funkite an altera- tion of aiigite ; heteroinerite an alteration of vesuvian. Eleventh Series.-xii. 281 Raltimorite from Texas 281 ; sp. gr. of iron pyrites 286 * g-alaktite 289 * chlorol)hyllite 292 ; Harringtonite 293. crystalliiie forrhs of rnatlohiite $95 ; hudsonite,'297 ; clialilite 299 ; fihitd 300. Twelfth Series.-xii. 185 I'luolite from Jcetand 485 ; biotite 493 ;carpholite, 505 ;.boltonite 508; leuchtenbergite 510 ; nordenskioldite and grani-matite 513. Thirteenth Series.-xii. 701 Crystalline form of diopside 701 -plumbocalcite, 701 ; quantity of alumina in augite 702 ;couzeranite $14 ;;?hlogopite 717 ; vesuvian in opal 721. Ninemlogical iictices on ankerite topaz silex and celestine 1y d.Bay. Phil. Mag. [A] viii. 137. Description and niictlysis of two new mineral species by F. 8.Hunt. Phil. Mag. [4] vii. 49'3. Examination of niiiierals in Dr. Krantz's collection at Bonn by H. Danber. Pogg. Ann. xcii. 237. Enargite . eataplejite copper-bismuth-glance wtjhlerite siiiceous zinc 01 e, orangite basic uranic sulphate. IN BRITISH AND FOREIGN JOURNALS. 111 i n er a 1 s.-Re-examination of American minerals part 4 by J.L. 8miih and G. J. Brush. Sill. Am. J. [a] xvi. 365. Danberite carrollite thalite hndsonite jenkinsite lazuiite kyanite elteolite spoltumene petaiite. _I__ Re-examination of American minerals part 4 by J. 2;. 81laitA. Sill. Am. J. [a] xviii. 372. Boltonite iodide of silver copiapite Owenite xenotime lantllanite mangano- magnesian alum apophyllite scbreibersite protosulphide of iron Cuban. On tho composition of certain minerals with special reference to the quantity of water which they contain by Cad Bitter o. Hazser. J. pr. Chm. lxiii. 13. Delvauxite p. 15; cacoxene p. 21.; gieserkite p. '46; a mineral of the chlorate species resembling nphrosiderite p. 30 ; anauxite p. 36. -Analyses of minerals from the Grand Duchy of Buden communicated by Pro/.WeZtzien. Anu. Ch. Pharm. xci. 229. -The mineral contents of the lower sandstone of the Upper Mississippi. J. Fr. Inst. [3] xsvii. 131. Minerals Algeri te.-Chemical composition of algerite by E 8.Hunt. J. pr. Ctiern. Isii. 169,278. -Oti the chemical coiuposition of algerite and apatite by J.D.mitney. Sill. Am J. [S] svii. 194. -Rmnarks on tiis mineral species algerite by 5". S. Hunt. Sill. Am. J. C.33 svii. 381. A m ber.-On cavities in arr,ber filled with gases and liquids by D. Brewster. Pogg. Ann. xci. 605. And a1 u si t e.-On the composition of andalusite by A. Damour. Ann. Min. [5] iv. 53 ; J. pr. Chem. lxii. 234. An ti g o r it e.-Ou the analysis of antigorite by 8.Xchweizer.Pogg. A4n11. xcii. 495. Apatite. -Brtificitll formation of crystallised apatite by $'or&amme+. Ann. Ch. Pharm. xc. 77; Pogg. Ann. xci. 56s; J. Pharm. [S] xxvj. 151. Further Ann. Ch. Pharm. xc. 322. -Chemical composition of apatite by !Z'. 8.Want. J. pr. Chem. lxii. 169. A rrago nite.-on crystdhe aggregates of arragonite witherite and alstonite by N.de Sdnarrnont. Ann. Ch. Phys. [3] xli. GO. A t ac a1n i t e.-On the composition of atacaniite from the province of Copiapo Chili by F. Field. Chem. Soc. Qu. J. vii. 103. Augite.-Antl.lysis of augite. Ann. Ch. Pharm. xci. 230. Basalt.-On the behaviour of basalt under the influence of water Bncl atmospheric air by August Bensch. Ann. Ch. Pharm. xci. 234. f3 is m u t 11.-Analysia of copper-bismuth Ly R.Schenck.Ann. Pharm. xci 232. 13 or acite.-On the phenomena of aggregate-polaiis;Ltion in boracite by G. E. 0. Streiiger Pogg. Ann. xcii. 77 ; xciii. 450. R orocalcite,-Recltlmittion of borocalcite as distinct from a mixture of minerals found near Tguiyue South Peru by A. A. Eayes. Sill. Am. J. [2] xviii. 93. Brevicj te.-Analysis of brevicit2e by E. Tobler. Ann. Ch. Pijarm. xci. 229. ~ancrirlite.-On cancrinite from the 'f'unliinskian mountains by AT. 11. l(%oks&nrow. I'ogg. AtlU. XC. 613. 356 TITLES OF CHEMICAL PAPERS Minerals Ch1oritoi'd.-On chloritoi'd from Bregratten in the Tyrol and clinochlore from Markt-Leugast in the Bayreuth and on the sepnrntion of protoxide and sesquioxide of iron in these and similar silicates by F.v. Kobell. Anu. Ch. I'liumi. xc. '21-1 ; Sill. Atti. J. [2J xviii. 2'72; J. pr. Chem. ixi 92. Clin toiii te.-On the chemical compositiou of clintonite hy G. J. ?;rush Sill. Am. J. [23 xviii. 407. Co ni s ton i t e.-On conistonite a new mineral species by R.2'. Greg. Sill. Ant. J. [23 xvii. 333. Copper.-On copyer-bismuth-ore by R. Schnn'der. Pogg. Am. xciij. 305 472. D a t oli te.-On the crystalline form of datolite froin Andreasberg lry R. Eess. Pogg. Ann. xciii. 380. Descloizite.4n descloizite tt new mineral species by A. Don5 ur. Ann. Ch. Phys. [SJ xli. 72; J. pr. Chem. Ixii. 246. Diamond.-Crystals of diamond. J. pr. Chem. Isi. 127. Dolo mite -On doloniites limestones and sandstones hy A. Bod Wien. Akad. Ber. xii. 422. -Analyses of dolomites from the SalzburgAlps by X.V.Lipold. J. pr. Chem. Ixii. 228. Fah1 -ore s.-Cliernico-mitieralogical investigations of certain fnlil-ores and of a manganiferous galena by FT Sandmann. Ann. Ch PIiaru-1. lxxxix. 364. -Analysis of fahl-ores from Paratsch near Schmolnitz iu Hungary by 6'. v. Eauer. J. pr. Chem. lxii 3% Faya1ite.-Examination of fayalite by M. Delesse. Ann. Min. 151 iv. 353. Felsobauite.-On felsobitnitc a new mineral species by FT.Huidinger. Wien Akad. Ber. xii. 183. Gal en a.-Che~ziico-rnineralogicd examination of a manganiferous g.nlenn by Fr. Xandmann. Ann. CIL Pharm. lxsxis. 364. G neiss.-On the composition of certain gneisses by Franz. SchonJeld and Lf. E. Roscoe. Atin. Ch. Pharm. xci. 302. Green E 8rth.-Examination of green carth (terre rerte) by 211.Delesse. Ann. Min. [5] iv. 351. (3ymnite.-Ogmnite from Fleims. J. pr. Chem. Ixii. 251. Haueri te.-occurrence of sulphur and hauerite. J. pr. Chem. Ixii. 192' He 1v ine.-Ou the cornposition of helviue by C. Rammelsbery. Pogg. Ann. xciii 453. Hureau1ite.-New analysis of hureaulite by M. Bsmuur. Ann. Illin. [5J v. 1. Kyanite.-Decomposition of kyanite by galvanic heat. Sill. Am. J. [tz] xviii. 385. Lava.-On the composition of lava from Etna by C.a. Eauer. J. pr. Chem. lxi. 224. Leucophane.-Rema;rks on leucophane and melinophaue by M. Descloizeaw. Ann. Ch. Phy~.[3] xl. 76. Lignites.-Chemical examination of lignites occurring in the neighbour hood of Regensburg :by W:Cusselmaan. Ann.Ch. Pharm Ixxxix. 378. -Chemical examination of the brown coal of the Westerwald hy W.Casselmunn. Ann. Ch. Pharm. lxxxix. 41 101. 3f in e r a1 s L i g-ni t e s.-Examination of lignites by J. Xedutid. J. pr Chew. lxii. 221. -Besearches on the lignites of Rheirvs by $1.illuumenk. Compt. rend. XXXtX. 779. -Sulphide of arsenic in lignite. J. pr. Chem. Ixi. LQO. Liuie.-Oti the hydraulic lime of Gunsberg near Solothurn :by C.PXckd. Ann. Ch. Pharm. lxxxix. 125. -Researches on the resistance of hydraulic limestones md cements to the destructive action of sea-water by NM. MaZuguti and Dwochw. Compt. rend. mix. 183.-Note thereupon by M. Ticat :ibid. 412. -Reply by .BfX Jfalaguti and Durocher :ibid. 625. Lim estoue.-A nalyses of limestones and dolomites from the Salzburg Alps by M.v. Lipold. J. pr. Chern. lxii. 228. -Analyses of limestones from the Tyrol :by A. o. Hubert. J. pr. Chem. lxii. %%. -Ou some of the crystalline limestones of North America :by T.X Hunt. Sill. Am. 5. [Z] xviii. 193. -On the supposed dolomisation of limestones :by Betanoue. Compt. rend. xxxix. 492. -Proximate analysis of hydraulic limestones and cements by H. s’tc.-Claire DeviZZe. Compt. rend. xxxvii. 1001. M agn e site.-Analysis of an East Indian megnesite from Madras by 3.‘~1. Gorup Besanez. Ann. Ch. Phrtrm. lsxxix. 219. Mausite.-On the colours of mausite by W.Haidinger. Pogg. Ann. SC. 466 ; Phil. Mag. [A] vii. 215. RI ic %.-On the primary form of mica by J. Grai:icb. Wen A kad. Ber. xii. 536.Mime tesite.-On mimetesite (kampylite) from Caldbeuk Fell Cumber- land by C.Bummelsberg. Pogg. Ann. xci. 316. 0s t e o 1i t e.-Analysis of osteolite (phosphorite) from Amberg by B. u. GorupBesanez. Ann. Ch. Pham. lxsxix. 221. Parts chin.--Partschin fsom Oiahpeun by W.Vaidiager. Wisn. Akad. Iler. xii. Pi t c h b 1e n d e.-Chemical analysis of pi tcIi Mends from Przibram in Bohemia by C.1). Llituer. J. pr. Chem. lxi. 391. Polyha1ite.-On polyhalite:. by H. Rsse. J. yr. Chenz. Ixiii. 10. Prosopite.-On Scheerer’s prosopite by J.D.Dana. Sill. Am. J. [2] xvii. 452. Pyrites.-Analysis of tin-pyrites by J. Tw HaZZet. Sill. Am J. [S) xvii. 83. -Remark ou common and white iron-pyrites. Aim. CIi. Ph. xc. 256; J. pr. Chem. lxiii. 60. R u tile.-Results of the measurements of crystals of rtitile and native sulphilte of lead by N.v. Kokscharow. Pogg. Ann. xci. 154. Serpen tine.-On the supposed pseudomorplioses of serpentine rescm-bling amphibole augite and oliyine by 2%. &cheerer. Pogg. Aim. xcii. 287. Skorodite.-On crystallised skorodite from a new locdity by N. v. Kokscharow. Pogg. Ann. xci. 488. S p h e ro 1i t G -Examination of syberolite by M. Delesse. Ann. Min. [:)] ir. 357. TITLES OF CHEMICAL PAPERS Minerals Topaz.-On a remarkable cavity in topctz filled with liqnid by D.8rewster. Pogg. Ann. xci. 607. Vanadium.-Note on the crystalline form of a new vanadiate of lead by iic L-’rscloixeaux. Ann. Ch. Phys. [3] xli. 78. Vesu v i itri.-I3esults of measurements of crystals of vesuvian by N e.Ii’ol\scitur.ow. Pogg. Ann. xcii. 252. Wither i t e.-On crystalline aggregates of arragonite witherite and alstonite by H. de Sdnarmont. Ann. Ch. Phys. [3] xli. GO. W o h le:.ite.-Determination of the crystalline form of Wiihlerite by ill BesJoizeuzcx. Ann. Ch. Phys. [S) xl. 76. Wolf’r am.-On tde chemical constitution of wolfram by J.Lehmatln. J. pr. Chem. lxi. 160. -On a wolfram from the Harz by R. Schneider. Pogg. Ann. xciii. 474. Zircon.-New character of zircol; by J. Brush. J. pr. Cliem. lxii. 7; J. Pharm. [3) xxri. 154. Molecular Inf 1uences.-On molecular influences. Part I. Transmission of heat through organic structures by J.Tyndall. Phil. Trans. 1853,217. Molybdenum.-On some double salts of molybdic acid by Iz.Xtruve.Bull. de St.-Petersb. C1. Math.-Phys xii. 142; Chem. GRZ. 1854 221 ; J. pr. Chem. lxi. 449. -On the use of molybdate of ammonia for the detection of arsenic by H. Struve. J. pr. Chem. lviii. 403; Chem. Gaz. 1864 156. -On molybdate of soda by F.8.Zencker. Chem. Gttz. 1854 247. 111o rp hin e.-Note on the alleged solubility of morphine in chloroform by M. Lepage with remarks by M. Soubeiran. J. Pharm. [3) xxv. 258. Mordants.-On the action of gdlic and tannic acids on irou and alumina mordants by F. C. Culvert. Chem. Gaz. 1854 440. M or t a r s.-On the analysis of cements and mortars and on the separation of alumina and sesquioxide of iron by J. Gunning. J. pr. Chem. Ixii. 318. M oun tai n -A sh.-Analysis of the berries of the moun tain-ash by J.Byschl. J. pr. Cbem. lxii. 504. Murexide.-On the application of murexide as a colouring matter for wool Chem. Gaz. 1854 234; Pharm. J. Trans. xiv. 30; J. pi. Chem. lxii. 380. M ushr o om s.-Use of mushrooms in Russia :by W; Hamilton. Pharm. J. Trans. xiv. 66. My rist ic a.-On the fat of Myristica otoba and a new body contained therein by E. Uricoechea. Ann. Ch. Pharm. xci. 369. N. Nap h t h a.-Adulteration of mineral naphtha with turpentine. Pharm. J. Trans. xiii. 342. Nap hth as.-Improvements in the treatment of naphthas and other volatile hydrocarbons (F. C. Calvert’s patent). Chem. Gaz. 1854,389. Nerves.-On the spinal mayrow and the nerves by Freiherr o. Bibra. Ann. Ch. Yharm. xci. I. N i c ke ].-On the passive state of nickel and cobalt by J.Nickl2s.J. Pharm. [3] xxv. 206. -Quantitative separation of nickel and xino by 3'. Tohler. Ann. Pharm. Ixxxix. 376 J. Pharm. [:3] xxv. 478; Pharrn. J. Trans. xiv. 280. -Sepratiou of nickel and cobalt by Wijhler's process by li E Dakitt. Sill. Am. J. [2] xviii. 291. -Note on prismatic sulphate of nickel :by F. 3. Reusch. Pogg. Ann. mi. 317. N i o b i u m.-On niobic pelopic and tan talk acids by H. Rose. Pogg. Ann-xc. 456. Nitrate s.-Action of oxalic acid on the nitrates and chlorides of potassium and sodiiim with a ready method of converting them into carboiirttes by J. 1;. Smith. Chem. Gaz. 1854 12 ; Sill. Am. J. [Z] xvi. 373. -On the crystalline form of certain nitrates and carbonates by nil.A. P?ankenheim. Pogg. Ann. xciii. 14. -On the isodirnorphisui of nitrate of potash and carbonate of lime by M. L. Frankenheim. Pogg. Ann. xcii. 354. -Bromine and iodine in Chili nitre. Pharm. J. Trans. xiii. 339. -JIanafacture of nitrate of potash. Pharm. J. Trans. xiii. 370. -On the compounds of ferric oxide with nitric acid by S. €€ausmann. Am. Ch. Pharm. lxuxix. 109. -On the cornbinatious of basic mercurms nitrate with other nitrates by G. Xtadeler. Ann. Ch. Phys. [33 xli. 494. -Reaction of iodine and chlorine with uitrate of silver by Keltzien. Ann. Ch. Pharm. xci. 43. N i t r ob e n z id e.-Preparation of nitrobenzide by R.Biittger. J. pr. Chem. Ixii. 504. N i t r o b en z i n e.-On nitrobenzine by A.Zarocque.J. Pharm. [33 xxvi. 222. -On benzonitnle and nitrobenzine. J. Pharrn. [S] xxvi. 319. N i t ro gen.-Researches on vegetation undertakeii with the view of weer-taining whether plants fix in t1)eir orgunisnt tlie nitrogen which exists in the atmosphere in the state of gas by X.Boussingault. Ann. Ch. Phys. [3] xli. 6 ; J. Pharm. [a] xxvi. 127. -OU the assimilation of nitrogen by plants by $1.Boussingault. Cortipt. rend. xxxviii. 717 ; J. pr. Chem. lxii. 181. -Absorption of atmospheric nitrogen by plants by G. Talk Col.tlpt. rend. xxxviii. 705 723; J. pr. Cbem. lxii. 121 183. -On the absorption of nitrogen by animalcules and by alga by 31.Bowen. Compt. rend. xxxviii. (332. -Methods for the determination of nitrogeii hy B.S'impsum J.pr Chew. lxi. 243. -On the so-called iodide and chloride of nitrogtw by J. H. GZadstowe. Chem. Soc. Qu. J.vii. 50. N i t r o g1y c e ri n e.-Note on nitroglycerine by 8.E WilZiamson. Proc. Roy. SOC. vii. I30 ; Chem. Gaz. 1854 340. I_ On nitroglycerine and the products of its decomposition thy potash by R.RaiZton. Chem. SOC.Qu. J. vii. 222. 8 itrotlapti tha1ine.-On the action of protosalts of ironon nitl.outtplitt"'lirle aud nitrobeuziue. New method of forming Ziili ii's at tiliaittl ot.g,,itriic bases by 8.Be'champ. Ann. Ch. Yhys. [:i] xlii. 1t3j ; Cmipt. Ittiid xxxix. 26. Ti'rms OP CHEMICAL PAPERS Nu trition.-Exyr~rinielits on the nutritive value of various kinds of hat uucd u food for working oxon by ill. Uaudement.Corupt rend. xxxviii. 96% -On the iurtuiiiorptioses of sugar in the process of tlnimal nutritiou hy 3.Becker. Pharan. J. 'I'raus. xiv. 51 180. 0. O il s.-011 02s and tlioir adulterations by 2'. C.Caluert. Ann. Ch. HI^. 131 xlii. 199; Phil. Mag. [4] vii. 101; J. Pharm. [3] xxv. 448; ~'~JfWm. J. Trans. xiii. 356. -Preliminary notice on the action of ati rnonia.on the oils and fats by 2'. H. Rowney. Chern. SOC.Qu. J. vii. 200. -Examination of fixed oils with sulphuric acid :by H.Yehling. J. Pharm. [S] xxv. 60. -Separation of oil^ by means of the heat developed by sulphuric acid by H..&Laurnen4 J.Pharm. [3] xxv. 210. -Method of purifying tallow oils &c. Chem. Gaz. 1854 298. -On the acid water which passes over in tho distillation of volatile oils by 0.Hantz.J. pr. Cliem. Ixii. 317. -On the oil of dryertione mezicana by IT. Uojcrs. Pharm. J. Trans xiii. 457. -On the volatile oils of beech-tar by G. Yu!ckeE. Ann. Ch. Phys. [3] xli. 489. -On Eesculetine and oil of nlatrjorum Ly F. Rochleder. Wen. Akad. Rer. xiii. 169; Chem. Gaz. 1854 425. -On the oil of the purging-nut (Curcas purgans) by J.Bouis. Compt. rend. mix. 923 ; Chem. Gaz. 1S54 469. -Purification of oil of bitter almonds. Pharm. J. Trans.697. -Exumina ion of the crystalline deposit which forms in oil of bitter aImonds by J.Stenhouse. Phil. Mag. [a] vii. 26 ; Pharm. J. Trans. xiii. 424; J. Pharin. [3] xxvi. i 34 ; Ann. Ch. Pharm. Ixxxix. 253. -Contributions to the chemical history of castor-oil by J.S'turtek.Wen. Akad. Ber. xji. 588; Chem. Gaz. 1854 381. -On the artificial production of oil of cinnamon by A. Streeker. Compt. rcud. xxxix. 61 ; Chem. Soc. Qu. J. vii. 280 ; Phil. Mag. (4) viii. 238; Yhurm. J. Trans. xiv. 281. -On cod-liver oil and its use in medicine by H.Bubail. J. Pharm. [3] XXV. 30. -On the changes produced in the blood by the administration of cod-liver oil find cocoa-nut oil by Theophiiw I'homson. Proc. Roy. SOC.vii. 41 ; Chem. Gaz. 1854 275. -On the esmn tial oil of Ostnitopsis asteriscoi'des :by 3.v. (Torup-Besunet. Ann. Ch. Phartn. Ixxxix. 214; Chem. Gaz. 1854 180; Ann. Ch. Phys. (31 xlii. l%l; J.Pharm. [3] xxvi. 73. -Detection of yoppy.oi1 or nut oil in olive oil by 8.Marchand. Chem.Gaz. 1854 116; Pharm. J. Trans. xiii. 429. -On the oil of Puiegium rnicrat&~m by A. Buttlerow. Bull. de St.-Ptttersli. C1. &lltth.-Yhys. xii. 243. On tlic acids of mye oil try 0.Stadeler. Ciieni Gaz 1851 23. IN BRITISH AND FOREIGN JOC'KNALY. 36 1 0i 1 s.-Ou rajte-oil and two new acids prepared from it by F. TVcbsky. J. p. C11em. Iviii. 45(1; Cltetu. Gaz. 1854 21. -Meiitoir on the various kiiids of oil of t:iq)wtine by Jf. Berthdot. Atiu. Ch. Ylijs. [SJ XI. 5; J. Pharni. [33 xxv. 263. -Researdies on the essential oil of tliyiue hy ,111 Lallemand. J. Plinrm [8] xxvi. 359. -Report on 31.Lallemand's investigation of oil of tliyuie by iU.L'wssy. Compt. rend xxxix. '723. -Method of detecting the presence of oil of turpentine in oil of naplith by il-21 Bolley.J. Phann. [3] xxv. 356. -Comparative examination of castor-oil extracted from seed from Alge~iti ttnd that obtained from seed cultivated in the south of Fiance by Jf. Jlapet. J. Pharm. [:I] xxvi. 210. -Stewaptere of the oil of Ptychatea ujawan by J. Stenhouse. Pharm. J. Trms. xiv. 274. 01ef i tln t G as.-Preparation of olefiant gas. Aim. Ch. Pharm. xci. 125. Ui i v e.-Ou the febrifuge proporties of the olive (Ulea eimpa) by D.Banbuy. Pltarm. J. Trans. xiii. 353. 01)i u in.-On the preseuce of glucose in opium by iK Lahens. J. Pharm. [3] xxvi. 263. -On the opium of Benares. J.pr. Chem. lxii. 500. 0r g a n ic A 1k a1ie s.-See AlkuZoidu. 0r ga ii i c A 11 a 1y 8 i s.-See Analysis. Orgtttlic Bases.-Ou a new organic base in the tissue of the thyrnoi'd gland by 3'.v.GorupBesanez. Ann. Ch. Pharm. lxxxix. 114; Clieru. Cuz. ltj54 187 ; J. Pharm. [3] xxvi. 74. Exantiwtioii of some methylised organic bases by C.Stahlschmidt. Am. Ch. Pharin. xc. 218. 01.gani c B o d i e c;.-Fwts relating to the history of certain orgauic bodies by K Dcssaignes. J. Pharm.[Y] xxv. 23. 0; ga u i c C 11ern i st ry.-Besearclies in organic chemistry by A. Strecker. Coinibt. relid. xsxix. .iD.-Also by A. Cuhours. Compt. rend. xxxix. 234. 0rg R.n i c C om 1) o u u ds.-On the constitution of organic coinpounds by P'. Xocirleder. Wen. Akad. Ber. xi. 832. -Coutributions to the theorj of the constitution of'orgenic coinpounds by I€. Vill. Ann. Ch. Pliarln. xci. 237. 0 1ii us e.-On osmotic force by F.Graham. Proc. Roy. SOC.vii 83 ; Chem. Guz. 1854 256; Pharm. J. Trans. xiv. 36. on Ox ti1ate s.-Cq stallo-cbemicsl i~o~ogr&pli oxdic acid and the oxaltltee bj C. .Ziummelsberg. Y~iitI. l'agg. Auu. xciii 24. -Ou tile green colour of the alkali-ferric oxaltttes arid the white of the irou-alums by Haiditiyer. \Tien. Akad. Ber. xi. 1015. I_ OLIthe oxalates of bttryttl aud strontict by 77. WTicke. Ann. Ch. Pharm. xc. 101 ; J. Ptiarm. [S] xxvi. 391. U.uides.-On the separation of certain metallic oxides by M. FZajokot. Ann. Ch. Phys. [3] xxxix. 460. -Notice of further experiuieuts HS to tbe reduvtion of metallic oxides by the peroxide of barium by B. C. Brodie. Cticm. SOC.Qu. J. vii. 301. Oxy gen.-On the elm tro-chmjical fuuctiou of oxygen Ly N.Yiurd.Auu. Ch. Pltys. 131 xlii. 5. TITLES OF CIIE3IICAL PAPERS Oxygen.-On the difyereiit states of oxygen by C. I; ScJii;librin. Ann. C1t. Phsrni. lxxxix. 257. --Ou tlie active niotlificntioiis of hydrogen and oxygen by G. Osarln. J. pr. Cliem. lxi. 300 ; J. Plial*i~,.[:;I xxvi. 68. Preliminary notice on the estiinr~tior~ of oxygeu in non-nzotised coin-po~i”ls by 8.111. o. Il‘aumharter. Ann. Cli. Pharm. xc. 228 Chm. Gaz. 1854 313; J. pr. Clieui. Isiii. 57. 0zo ne.-Oldest observatioii on ozone by F. Nohr. Pogg. Ann. xci. 627. -011 the formation of ozone in the decomposition of water at low tern-pee:ttiwes by 1,. Soret. Pogg. Ann xcii. 304 ; Phil. Mag. [4J vii. 45!1 ; Coinpt. rend. xxxviii. 444. I_ On the occurrence of woiie and peroxide of hydrogen in the electrolysis of sulpltnric acid by 11.Meidinger.Chin. Soc. Qti. J. vii. 257. -On observations with Scl~ijnl~eiii’s ozonometer by R.?Ti#. Pogg. Ann. xci. 314. P. Y a11a diu ni.-On the palladainines by IT. JLT;iller. Ann. (211.l’hys. 131 xlii. 82 1. P R 11a q u i 1o 11 e.-On panaquilone a iiow vegctnble pehciple by 3.Gnrriyucs. Ann. Ch. Pbarm. xc. 231; J. Yhartii. [3] ssri. 127; Chern. Gaz. 18,”)4 430. Paper.-Note on tuif-paper. Pharm. J. Trans. xiv. 137. YRraf fin.-Preparation of parafIin on tlic :urge scale from the distiIIation- products of wood by R. v. Beiche?iliach. Y1i;u.m. 3. Trails. xiii. .IS:$. -Contributions towards the histoi*y of 1mr:iffiii by Unrot~Eeichellbuch.Phil. Mag. [a] viii. 403 ; J. pr. Clicrri. Ixiii. M. -On artificial and mineral paraffitiu by Y. Gottilard 111jrtadtrr Aun. Ch. Pharm. xci. 326. Y a ram o r p h o si s.-See Crystulliiie Form. Peat.-Heating power of peat f‘roin Seit’enberg and Schleepcrn ~iearRiga by E Iksti+rg. A1111. Ch. Pliarm. xc. 150. Pegan u In.-Iiivtstigation of the seeds ot’ Pepmum Iw-ritula. Bull. de St.-Pdtersb. xii. 225 ; Cheni. Gax. 1854 47% Pe ltt.-On the Ye-la or insect wax of China Ly Fit. Xarliw. Yhsrm. J. Trans. xiv. 9. Pe1opium.-On niobic pelopic and tautalic acids by 15.Rose. Pogg. Ann. xc. 45G. Perfumery.-Eemttrks on chemistry and perfumery. J. Fr.lust. [:,I xsvii. 44 Per io dide s.-See Iodine. Perspir a to r.-Aspirator and perspirator ;by A’.fl. o. Buurntiauer.Ann. Ch. Phftrm. xc. 19. psucedaniue.-On tlie identity of peueedanine with iniperatorine by R.Wayner. J. pr. Cheiii. Ixii. 275; Chem. Gaz. 1854 407. p 11en y I .-On sorrie new coinpounds of phenj 1 by A. JV. Jyilliurnsoz. Proc. Roy. SOC. vii. 18; Cliem. Gaz. 1854 198; Auu. Ch. Phys. [3] yti. 491 ; Pld. hlug. 113 vii. 370. -On some 11th~compounds of ytieuyl Ly l1.Schrrsgiwn. CliCui. Soc. Qu. J. vii. 237. IN BRXTISEI AND FOREIGN JOURNALS. P ho s p hat es.-On the pharmacy of tho phosphates by W. Procter jun. Pharm. J. Trans. xiii. 620. -On the phosphate of iron and manganese from Norwich Mass. by J. TY. JIulZet. Sill. Am. J. [2] xviii. 33. -On pyrophosphate mid yhospiiate of ethyl by Ph. de Clermunt. Ann. Ch.Ptiam. xci. 373. P h o sp 11i te s.-Ou a new phospliite of ethyl by A. 7V.TYifZiamson. Proc. Hoy. Soc. vii. 131; Cfism. Gaz. 1854 334. Ph o sp h or u s.-New process for preparing phosphorus by C.Xoatrand. J. Fr. Inst. [3] xxviii. 311. -On the detection of phosphorus in cases of poisoning by A. Lipcuit:. Pogg.Ann. xc. 600; J. Pharru. [rl] xxv. 394. -Action of pltospliorus on certrtiu salts by LV.SZater. J. pr. Chem. Ix. 247 ; J. l’liarin. [3] xxv. 3111. -On oxycliloride of phosphorus by F. CusseZmunn. Ann. Ch. Pharm. xci. 241 ; Cliem. Guz. 1854 427. -Action of iodide of phosphorus on glycerine by Berfhelot and de Luca. Compt. rend. xxxix. 745 1’11 o to grap h y.-Considerations on photography in the abstract point of view by X.Cheureul. Compt. rend. xxxix. 391. -011photographic processes in which the sensitive matter is of organic origin by A7L C‘fieoreuZ. Cornpt. rend. xxxix. 614. -On some etirly experimeuts in photography by J. 3.Beade. Phil. Mag. c.11 vii. 32G. -On photography by J. B. Edwards. Pliarm. J. Trans. xiii. 322. -On a method of preserving the sensitiveness of collodioii plates for a considerable time by J.Syiller and 7t Crookes. Phil. Nag. [i]vii. 340; viii. 111. -Ncw photogaphie process by J. Stewart. J. Fr. Inst. [3] xxvi. 2G8. -New application of photo,n~aphy-I)aguer~~otypeson wood. J.Fr. Inst. [3] xxvi. 407. -A new method of conducting the daguerreotype process by H. Jv Craw-ford. J. Fr. Inst. [2] xxvi. 387. -Heliographic engraving on steel and glass by 31.Cheweul. Compt. rend. xxxix. 618. -On lithophotography by X&f.Barreswil and Bavanne. J. Pharm. [3] xxv. 301. l’h yse ter.-Investiglttiou of the fat from the head of the spermaceti whttlo (Physeter macmciphalus) by P. GotthurJ Ifofsiiidtcr. dun. Ch. Ptiarm. xci. 177 ; Cliem. Gtrz. 1854 464. Plan ts.-Absorption of atmospheric nitrogen by plants by G. Tille. CJmpt. rend. xxxviii. 705 723. -On the carbonate of lime pre existing in plants in their normal state arid on its estimation by M. Payen. Compt. rend. xxxviii. 241. -On the electricity of plants by Z. Bur. Ann. Ch. Pt-lttrm.lxxxix. 76 ;. Phil. Mag. [1]vii. 122. -On the influence of the solar radiations on the vital powers of plants growing under different atmospheric conditions Part TI.by J. H. Gladstone. Chem. GRZ.1854 417 ; Yharni J. Trans. xi. 231. -On ths occurrence of zinc in plants by A. Uraun. Yogg. Ann. xcii. 17!j ; J. l’haixi. [ri] xxki. Z;;?; Yiiil. hlag [a] viii. 156. -OLItlLe greeu colour of piautd by A. J.Angstrom. Pogg. Ann. xciii 475 364 TITLES OF CIiE!kILCAL PAPEBS Plat it1 um.-New reseurclieu on the metals coiitained ill plntinum-ore by A’.Frimy. Conipt. rend. ruxviii. 1008; Chein. Guz. 1851 241; J. l’liarta. {SJ xxvi. !I9 ; Chew. SOC. Qu. J.vii. 230 ; J.pr. Clie~n.Ixii. 840. -Existerice 01’ plutiiluiii ill tile lKparten~eut de l’1sere by E. Cueymard. Couipt. relid. xuxriii. ‘341. -Anttlytic~l exanhatio!i p11~tiiiumfrom the Alps by E. Guryntard.cjf’ AIIU.illin. [5] v. 162. -Note on platinum acconipanying silver in solution in nitric acid by H. Ihw. Cheni. SOC.Qu. J. vii. 44;Chem. Gaz. 1854 209. -On the fluorescence exliihited by certain iron- and platinum-salts by J. H. Gladstone. Ctiem. Gttz. 1854 420. -OII tile fractional crystttllisatiou of platinum-salts by C. G. fj7illiams, Phil. hlag. [4] viii. 20!). -On the platino-tersul~~l~ocyanicles and the platino-bisull~hoeyanides two new series of salts and their decompositions by G. B. Buckton. Chem. Soo. Qu. J. vii. 22. -On the constitution of the platinum bases by C. CZuus. Bull. de St.- Petersb. Cl. l’hys. Math. xiii. 97; Clieui. Gux. 1854 451. pluru.-Analysis of the ash of the fruit of Yru~usdomestic@. J. pr. (&em. lxii.503. Plumbe thyl.-On ylumbides of etbyl or pluiiibethyls by KartLuwig. Ant]. Ch. Pharm. lxxxviii. 318; Cliem. SOC.Qu. J. vii. 268. Pneumatic TrougIi.-Apparatus serviiig as t~ pieulnatic trougli wit11 wtLtt!r and mercury by 0. Heq. J. Pli~rni.[S] rxvi. 270. Polislling Powder.-On tlie preparation of rouge (red oxide of irou) 8s a polishing powder for glass and iiietals; by A. Voyel,jun. CIiem. &z. 1831,410. pollen.-On the cliemical coustitrition of pollen by XX. Z+dmy ad cloez. J. Pharm. [3] XXV. lfil ; Chem. Gaz. 1834 263. p ly ch ro’ism. -See co~our. p 01y m 0r p ti i s ni.-See Crystalline Form. poypy.-Estimation of tlte alkulo.icia in poppy-capsules by T.E. Groves. Pharm. J. Trans. xiv. 303. ~~tasl,.-l’ie~al.ation of pure caustic potash.Pharin. J. Trans. xiii. 634.. ___ 011red jtrussittte of potash by 7K Wullace. Clmii. SOC.Qu. J. vii. 77. -011crystallised manganate of potash by Constrtntzn Zwenger. Ann. Cll. Pliarrt~.xci. 40. potassium.-Action of nitric acid ou the chlorides of potassiutn aiid sodium. Action of oxalic acid ou the nitrates and chlorides of the strine wit11 8 ready iiiethod of converting tht ni into carbouates hy J. L. Smith Sill. hln. J. [5] xvi. :373 ; Cheni. Gaz. 1854 LP. -Improveillents iii obtaiuiug iodide of potassium when treating certain metals (Lyte’s patent). Chem. Om. 1834 160. pottttoua-Ou the composition of the ashes of po.ato-tubers by Jfoser. Wen. Akad. Ber. xi. 667. -On the inorganic coustitueiits of potatoes by C.SchuZz Fleeth. Pogg.Ann. xcii. 193. Press ure.-Influeuce of pressure on the permanence of chemical comyounds. pltarru. J. Trans. xiii. 633. Yropyltiinlll e.-On tho occurrence of propylauiills iu tiic flowers of ci-utrpyus o.tyucutitha by W. ?Y;cke. Ann. Ch. PLarm. xci. 121. IN BRlTIST1 AND FORETGN JOURNALS. Pro tein.-On somo deconiposition-prod~~cts of the so-called t~rotein-coni;.omIds by Br. Xithlhuuser Ann. Ch. I'liarni. xc. 171 ; J. pr. Chem. Ixii. 512. Ps e u do rn or 13 h o si 8.-See Crystalline Form. P tSchates.-Stenrol)tere ot' the oil of' Ptychates ajowan by J. S'tenhoiue. Pharm. J. Trans. xiv. 274. P 11 s.-Resettrcltes on pus Iby AT. Bergeret. Conlpt. rend. xxxix. 2F3. Putrefactjot.l.-Titflii~nce of tlre air on ferriientntion and putrefttctio~t 1)s JIM.Schriider iidL)usclr. Ann. Ch. Pharm. Ixxxix. 253; J. Ptiarm. p3-j xxv. ,711. Pyridine.-On the presenco of ryridino among tho vohtilo hases in the nnptitha from the bituniinous shale of Dorsetshire and on the A-ac- tionaf crystallisation of platinum-salts by C. G. TYiEZiams. Pld. Mag. [i]viii. 200. Pyroguaiacine.-Oil pyroguaiacine by 3.Ehwmayer. J. pr. Chem. 1x3. 201 ; Chem. Gaz. 1854 386. Pyroretix-Op yyroretin a fossil resin from the brown coal strata of Bohemia by 8.Reuss. Wien. Akad. Rer. xii. 551. Py ro tart rn t es.-Ort yyrotwtrate of ammonia and bipyrotartramide tty 8.Arppe. Ann. Ch. I'hys. [3) xlii 242; Chem. Gaz. 1834 130; J. Pharm. [3] xxvi. 308. Q. Q u ussia -w o o d.-Sulphate of soda contained in quassia wood by G.JTht&le. Piiann. d Trans. xiii. 643. Quercitrin.-Oii quercitrin by L Rigaud. Ann. ch.Pfiarrn.Ixxxviii. 136 ; xc. 2S3; Ann. Ch. Phys. [33 xlii. 244; Chem. Gnz. 1134,428. Qtlinine.-On tlre constitution of juiuine by A. Strecker. Ann. Ch. P11am. xci. i 55 ; u&str.Compt. reud. sxxix. 58 ; Chem. SOC. Qu. J. vii. 278; Atin. Ch. Phys. [S] xlii. 36'3. -b$o& of distinguishing quinine from quitiidine Ly R.IIowurd. Pharm. J. Trans. xiv. 14. -On quinine and quinidine by Dr. A'evins. Pharm. 3. Trans. xiii. 685. -On a modification of Vogel's test for quinine by M.v. Xllliizinsky. Chem. Gaz. 1834 177. -Methods of testing the purity of sulphate of quinine. J. Pharm I:;] xxiv. 436. -Adulteration of sulphate of quinine with sulphate of soda bj 3.Le/rm,lnn Pharm.J. Trans. xiv. 179. -Manufacture and consumption of quinine in the United States. Pharm J. Trans. xiii. 620 672. -Mrtnufacture of sulphate of quinine. Pharm. J. Trans. xiv. 29. -Preparation of sulphate of quinine. J. pr. Chem. Ixii. 505. -Additional directions and improvements in the manufacture of artificijtl tourmaIities (suIphate of iodoquinine) by ?EB. Herupath. Pharm. J. Trans. xiii. 449. -Action of carbonic acid on quinine and cinchonine-Formation of crystal-bed carboaate of quinine by %. Aanglois. Ann. Ch.Pbys..p] xli. 89; J. Pharrn. [3] xxvi. 132. -On the red colour produced with quinine and ferrocyanide of i)otassitlm by A. Yoyel. Cliein. GRZ.1854 78. 366 TITLES OF CIIEI\IICAL PAPERS Q uinoi1e.-On a class of coinpoutlds homologotls with quinoi‘lo art6 its derivatives by A.Lallenaand. Compt. rend. sxsviii. 10% ; Clicrn. Gaz. 1854 244. R. Rnd ic a1s.-Note on a new series of metallic radicals by M. Bouis. Compt. rend. xssix. 288; Chom. Gaz. 1854 332. -On the physiological propert,ies of some of the organic radicals-nlethyl ethyl amyl &c. by J. Turnhull. Phartn. J. Trms. xiv. 232. -Researches on new organic radicals containing arsenic by A. Cahours and A.Biche. Compt. rend. xxxix. 541 ; Cliem. Gaz. 1854 slci. ftape-cake.-On the nutritive value of‘ rape-cako by 3. ;CVo& Chein. Gaz. 1854 9. itat t1esnake.-On the poison of the rattlesnake. Pharm. J.Trans. xiii. 6:jl. iicsi n s.-On emulsions of resins and gum-resins ItyX Constantin.J.PfiarIn. [3] xxvi. 38 ; Pharm. J. Trans. xir. 17%. -On the resin of birch (Betula alba) by iK Kossmann. J. Ptlt~r~ [;3] xxri. 19?. -On the products of the distillation of gimiac-resin by C. TuZckeZ. Ann. Ch. Pharin. luxsix. 345; J. Pltarm. [:3]*xxv. SOG. ___. Examination of tlie purity of jalap and scanimony resins by8. Buchner. Pharrri. J. Trans. xiv. 3s. -On pyroguaiaciit a new crystalline product obtained by the dry distilla-tion of guaiac-resin ; by E. Ebermayer. J. pr. Cttrm Isii. 291. I___ Fossil resin from Salesel near Aussig by J. S’tunth. n’ieii. Akad. Ber. sii. 354. iiespiration.-On the formation of ammonia in respiration by LYldTf. ITiaZe aid Zatini. J. Phtxrm. [3] xxvi 2!)O. -Chemicd in-restigntious on the respiration of ttic! Cobitis fossilis ;by $1.Ilaumetd.Ann. Clr. I’liartn. lxss~iii.1. It hi n o c e ro s.-Exaniination of the horny excresceiice on the nose of the rlriiioceros by Xan. Saenz. Die%. Ann. Clr. l’harin. xc. 30:;; J. pr. Clrcm. Isiii. 55. Roc IC s.-ou you ~~~.‘a~ti.rs~lanseti’s theory of tho formation of rocks by R. .Bunsen. Atin. Cii. 1’b;irin. lsssis. 90. -Reseaycltes on tlio aitificial formxiion of silicates and a1::minatcs by tlic action of vai~ou~s on i*ocks. Compt. rend. xxxiu. 135 ; ,J. pr. Chem. lxiii. 1. -On t.lle composition arid nietnmorplroscs of sonie sedimentary rocks by T.8. Hunt. Phil. Mag. [A] 1%. 233. -R,esearcIies on the alteration of stratified rocks under tho influence of atmospheric agents and infiltration.water by N.Bbelmen. Ann. &fin. [S] iv. 189. I_ 011the action of alkdies on rock% by ill Belesse. Phil Mng. [&I vii. 100 ; Ann. Ch. Phjs. [3] xli. 4M. -On the more or less real riretn~norptiism of rocks by M. UeZanoue. Conipt. rend. xxsis. 36:). __ On t:lc produce obtained frorii barley sown in rocks of various ages b~ c. Daubeny. Ciiem. Soc. Q.u. J vii. 28!1. IN BRITISH AND FOREIUN JOURNALS. 367 Roo ts.-On the beliaviour of’ tho roots of diffbrent species oi‘ plants in sti~iiic solutions by C.IIertis. Ann. CIi. 1)lmrni. lsssis. 331. Rye.-On the inorganic coristituents of rye in diiferent stages of its growth by Schulz-Heeth. l’ogg. Ann. xcii. 410. S. Sa 1am an d e r.-Ex‘iminntion of tho poison of Salarnandra maculata by Albini.Wen. Akntl. Ber. xi. 1048. Salicy1.-liesearches on some new corrtpounds of salicyl by C. Gerhardi. Compt. rend. sxxviii. 32; Cliem. SOC. Qu. J. vii. 60 ; Ann. Ch. L’liarm. Isssix. 360. -On the salicylic ethers by A. Cahours. Compt. rend. xsxix. 25G ; Cliem. Gaz. 1854 356. -Researches on the salicylic ethers by Ch. Drioa. Conipt. reiid. XXX:~.1”. Sa 1i ne D e p 3 sit5.-On the saline deposits in the lakes of Toledo by Jlunoz y hna. J. Pharm. [3] xxvi. 125. Saline Solutions.-2tIemoir on saline solutions by A.JIiche2 and L.Kra$”t. Ann. Ch. Phys. [:3] xli. 471. Sal t.-On the action of coninion siilt is the formation of miizeruls by J. G. Forchkumrner. Pogg. Ann. xci. 368. -Report on the salt and gypsum of tho Preston valley of tlie Holston ltiver Virginia; by H.D.12o.qers. Sill. Am. J. [d] xviii. 273. Saltpctre.-Natural deiiosit nf sil1tl)etrc. Phami. J. Trans. xiv. “1. Salts.-On the constitution of acids and salts hy Ip. Odlirry. Cliem. SOC. Qu. J. vii 1. -An attempt to dehco the solu1,ility of salts from their constitution Gy Y. Kwmers. Pogg. Ann. xcii. 497. I_ On the chttuges produced in the p!iysical prtycrties of cei-tain salts 1)y the entrance of water of ct.ystal1isation by 1’. Ir-remers. Pogg. dn:i. xciii. 153. -On the deliqtiescence and efflorcscenco of salts by P.Kremcrs. Pogg. Ann. xci. 283 ; Chem. Gaz. 1854 247. -Decomposition of salts dissolved in water by tho \-ollaiu ltattery Ly J. Ch. d‘AlmeidL. Coiiipt. rend. sxxyiii. OM. -On tlie optical 1” nitel ties of certain salts by 11,de Eitwrm~tt.AIIII. Cii. Phys. [3] xli. Uci. -Action of pliosl)liorus sulphur arsenic and antimony on ccrtain salts by M. Slatw. J. pr. Chcm. lx. 247 ; J. Pharm. [33 xxv. 2!11. -On the water of crystallisation of certain iiouhle salts liy I€ ]Lose. Pogg. Ann. xciii. 1. Snntonine-On the decomposition of ssritonine by potash by C. Bunt. Ann. Ch. Pharm. xci. 112 ; J. Phann. [3] xsvi. 320. Sapo ni xi e.-~esearches on saponine by Bochleder and Schwartr. J. pr. Chem. lx. 2!)3; J. Pharm. [3] xxv. ‘id ; Clieni. Gaz. 1854 1. -On s ,ponine md scneguine by I-’.A. IIoZZey. Ann. Ch. l’liarin. xc. 211 J. Ptiatm. [31 sxvi. 158; Cliem. Gaz. 1854 330 Addendum Aiin. Ch. l’hn1.11-1. xci. I 17. S arci nn.-Chemitul iiiiil microscopical exrimination of Surcitta ue9ztricu; by Jt lV.Sfoddart l’harm. J. Trans. xiv. 116. 1'TTI.ES OF CIlIlS IC,?I. X'APERS Sjarsa~sri!l a.-Remarks on sarsaparilla by B. Steman. Pharm. J. Trans. Xiii. 385. -On decoction of sarst\perills by J. Robertson. Pharm. J. 'I'rtLns. xiii. (i.tf. Sebates.-On the products of the distillation of sehate of lime by C. Calvi. Ann. Ch. Pharm. xci. 100. S c'etls.-AItsorption of water by seeds duriitg germinntioil ly G. Iferth. J. pr Chem. lxiii. 49. 8cI e ni urn.-On selenide of ethyl or selenethyl by C.A. Jy. Chem. SOC. Qu. J. vii. 93. __. 03 tl~e specific gravity of selenium. Chem. Gaz. 1854 470 St? ti e g uin 8.-See Saponine. S 11 it Ie.-On the volatile bases produced by destructive distillation of the bitiiminous shale of Dorsetshire by C.0. Williams. Chem. SOC. Qu. J. vii.07; Chern. Gaz. 1854 281. S hells.-On the chemical composition of recent and fossil IingiilEe and some other shells by &? 3'.Logan and I! S.Hunt. Phil. Mag. [&I vii. 386. Si lic~.-On silica and some of its applications to the arts by J. Batlow. Chem. Gaz. 1P54,217. S j 1 icntes.-On the separation of pi*otoxide and sesyniosiric of iron in certain silicates by F. v. Kobdl. Ann. Ch. Pharrn. xc. 244. -On the so-called silico titanates and silico-tantalates by J. B. Ucma. Siil. Am. J. [2] xviii. 253. -Resewches on the artificial formation of silimtes and ~tlumiit~tes hy the action of vapours on rocks by A. Baubrke. Conipt. rend. xxxis. ln;) J.pr. Chem. lxiii. I. Si1icium.-On a new form of silicium by 31. S'ie. &/'laireDeville. Conipt. rend. xxxix. 321 ; Chem. Gaz. 1854,361 ; J. HI HI TI:. ;:I1 sxvi. ~b. -Electro~dcpositionof aluminium and silicium by G. &r>. Phil. 313~g. r4l vii. 227. La -Preparation of silicium by electroiysis by F.Gore. J. pr. Chem. Ixi. 447 ; J. Pharm. [37 xxv. 475. si 1v e r.-Experimen ts on the extraction of silver. J. pi'. Chein. Ixii. 231 -Crystds and striated forms of silver by ?Y.€laidiuger. J.pr.Ciiem. Ixii. 2-15. -Electyo-chemical treatment of silvcr.ores by nf.Becquerel. Compt. YeTltf. xxsviii. 1095; Chem. Gaz. 1854,359. -On some therino-electric properties of zinc and silver by R. I&. -Note Chem. SOC.Qu. J. vii. 309. on platiuuni accompanying silver in solution in nitric acid I,Y H.How. Chem. SOC.Qu. J. vii. 44; Chem. Oaz. 1854,209. -Remarks on the crystalline form of iodide of silver and its isomorpliism with sulphide of cadmium by H. Dpscloizeaux. Ann. Ch. 1'11~s. [3] xl.85. -Note on iodised silver froin Chili by A. Damour. Ann. Min. [li]ir. 329. -Actioii of iodine and chlorine on nitrate of silver by Yeltzien. Bnn. Ch. Pharm. xci. 43;Ann. Ch. Pbys. [3] xiii. 373. -Oxidised silver. Chem. Gaz. 1854 153 ; Pbarm. J. Trans. xiii. 635. -Process for silvering glass with silver by 2clill. Delamotte and De tu illhisonfort. Compt. rend. xxxvii 864. -On Augnstin's method of desilverising. J.pr. Chem. Ixii. 499. s1ags.-Ariatvsis of slags from Kaafjord's copper-works by 8.Strorneyer.,l pr Chem. Ixi. 37'. -On iron-f'iirnnce slags. Sill. Am. +J. [Z] xviii. 421. IN BRITISH AND FOREIUN JOURNALS. 3w Sm oke.-On the consumption of smoke by A. fimer. J. Fr. Inst. [3] xxvii. 351. -Prevention of smoke by J. J. Stewens. J. Fr. Inst. [3] xxviii. 420. Soap.-On soap as a means of art by 2‘. Branson. J. Fr. Inst. [3] xxvii. 274. $o d a.-Analysis of a native East Indian soda by E. o. Gomp-Besanez. Ann Ch. Pharm. Ixxxix. 219. -On Egyptian soda and the soda-lakes of Africa. J. pr. Chem. lxii. 497. -Improvements in obtaining caustic soda (W. Chisholm’s patent). Chem. Gaz. 1864,39. -On molybdate of soda by 3.it’. Zencker. Chem. Qaz. 1854,247. Sod i urn.-Action of nitric acid on the chlorides of potassium and sodium.- Action of oxalic acid on the nitrates and chlorides of the same with a ready method of converting them into carbonates by J.L. Smith. Chem. Gaz. 1854 12 ; Sill. Am.J.[2] xvi. 373, -On sodium and its preparation by H. Ste.-Claire Deville. Compt. rend. xxxix. 901. Soils.-On the superficial stratam of the soil by M. Marcluz. Compt. rend. xxxviii. 123. -Examination of soils from the Bannat by R.u. Hauer. J. pr. Chem. lxi. 329. -On the analysis of a surface-soil from the desert of Atacama by Frederick Field. Chem. SOC. Qu. J. vii. 308. Solanine.-Action of solanine on the animal economy by M. Fraas. J Pharm. [3] xxvi. 5’7. 23 oph or a.-On Wai-fa the unexpanded flower-buds of Xophora japonica :by Th. Martius. Pharm. J. Trans. xiv. 64. Spermaceti.-On spermaceti by T.Heintz.Pogg. Ann. xcii. 452 588. -On spermaceti by 2%. Martius. Pharm. J. Trans. xiv. 9. Spheroidal State.-On the spheroidal state of bodies by A. E. Church Phil. Mag. [4] vii. 275. -On the spheroidal state of water in steam-boilers by A. Normandy. Phil. Mag. [4]vii. 283; J. Fr. Inst. xxviii. 414. Spin a1 M arr ow.-On the spinal marrow and the nerves oy Freiherr a Bibra. Ann. Ch. Pharm. xci. 1. Spirits.-On the acidity sweetness and strength of wine beer and spirits by I% Bence Jones. Phil. Mag. [a] vii. 143 ; Chem. Gaz. 1854,35. Sp rin g s.-On the temperature of springs by Hullmann. Pogg. Ann. xcii. 658. S t arc h.-New researches on starch :by A. Bkckamp. Compt.rend. xxxix. 656; Chem. Gttz. 1854,450. -On the structure of the starch granule :by J.6.Field. Pharm. J. Trans. xiv. 253. -Micrographic examination of various kinds of starch by J. L Soubeiran 5. Pharm. [S] XYV. e9. -On the equivalency of starch and sugar in foods; by J. B. Lawes and J. H. Gilbert. Chem. Oaz. 1854 396. -Observations on soluble starch the starch of Iceland mosa :by N.blaschke. 5. pr. Chem. lxi. 1; J. Pharm. [3] xxv. 237. -Estimation of the quantity of potato-starch mixed with wheat-flour by M. Cuilletet. Compt. rend. xxxix. 246 ; Chem. Oaz. 1854 359. VOL. VI1.-NO. XXVIII. BB TITLES OF CHEMICAL PAPERS Stearin.-On stearin by P.hfy. Ann. Ch. Phye. [3] xlii. 119. __. On the melting-point and composition of chemicallypure stearin by P.Heintz. Pogg. Ann. xciii. 431 ; Chem. Gaz.1854 461. -On the action of nitric acid upon stearin by F. Heintz. Pogg. Ann. xciii. 443. S tee1.-Improved cast steel. J. pr. Cliem. lxii. 501. S t i b e th y 1.-On some iiew compounds of stibethyl by C.Lowig. J. pr. Chem. Ix. 332 ; Chem. Gaz. 1854 170. Stibiozincy1.-On stibiotriziucyl and stibiozincyl two new compounds of zinc and antiniony with some remarks on the decomposition of water by alloys of these metals by J. P.Cooke. Sill. Am. J. [2] xviii. 229. Storax.-On storax bark by D.I-lanbury. Pharm. J. Trans. xiv. 11; J. Pharm. [S] xxvi. 367. Xtrontia.-O~n the oxalates of baryta and strontia by TF? Wicke. Ann. Ch. Pharm. xc. 101. St ry ch n i n e.-Reactions peculiar to aniline and strychnine by F.Beissen-hirtr. J. Pharm. [3] xxvi. 77. -On the detection of strychnine in saccharine powders by 8.Voge2,jun.Chem. Gaz. 1854 177. -Use of chloroform in a case of poisoning by strychnine. Pharm. J. Trans. xiii. 342. Strychiios.-New base from the fruit of Xtrychnos nux uomica. Pharm J. Trans. xiv. 2Sl. S u gar.-~aanufactiiring process for converting liguin into sugar and alcohol by Jf.hnould. Compt. rend. xxxix. 807. -On the equivalency of starch and sugar in foods by J.B. Lawes and J.H. Gilbert. Chem. Gaz. 1854 396. -On the metamorphoses of sugar in the process of animal nutrition by D.Becker. Pharm. J. Trans. xiv. 31 180. -Chemical process for the estimation of sugar by M. itlaumenk. Compt. rend. xxxix. 422 ; Chem. Gaz. 1854 413. -New test for sugar by J.Horsley.Chem. Gaz. 1854 314. _I_ On the presence of glucose in opium lactucarium thridace Rnd in the vegetable kingdom in general by M. Lahens. J. Pharm. [33 xxvi. 263. -On milk-sugar pape-sugar and yuercitron-sugar in their relation to an alkaline solution of sulphate of copper by L. Rigaud. Ann. Cb. Pharm. xc. 283. -On the corrosive action of sugar on iron arid other metals by J.W. Gladstone. Chem. Soc. Qu. J. vii. 195. -Presence of aldehyde among the products of the distillation of sugar :by M. Yiilckel. J. Pharm. [,33 xxvi. 159. -Presence of sugar in the liquid of ascites by Br. Frierichs. Chem. Gaz. 1854,364. -On the action of the ferment of madder on sugar :by 3. Schunck. Phil. Mag. [4]viii. 161. -Note on tire transformation of cane-sugar by pure water and the cons8 quences thence resulting e.g. in the analysis of syrups :by M.Maurnhe. Compt. rend. xxxix. 914. S u 1 p 11a m y 1 ate s.-Ac tion of ammonia on sulphamylate of lime by X. Bcrthelot. Anu. Ch. Phys. [3] XXX~X.603. IN BRITISH AKD FOREIGN JOUICNALS. 371 Sulp h a tes.-On the maniifacture of alum and sulphate of alumiii 8. Pharm. J. Trans. iv. 18 -On an anhydrouspersulphate of iron by P.Hart. Chem. Gaz. 1854,350. -Behaviour of sulphate of lead at a red heat. J. pr. Chem. Ixii. 381. -On mercuric sulphate by H. Jiisdelrtt. Arch. Pharm. Ixxxvi. 16 ; Chem. Gaz. 1854 92. -Sulphate of soda contained in quassia-wood by G. JYhipple. Phaim. J. ‘ham. xiii. 623. S ul p h ide s.-On the reaction of sulphide of arsenic with alkaline carbonates by H.Rose. Pogg. Ann. xc. 565 -Action of the solar rttys on a mixture of nitric acid and sulphide of carbon by 41.Tfltreau. Compt. rend. xxxix. 602. Sul phi tes.-On the action of alkaline bivulphites on organic substances by 2’. Itochleder and R.Xchwartr. Wien. Akad. Ber. xii. 190. -On some new mercuric aud cup~ous sulphites by L. Piail de St. Gilles. Ann. Ch. Phys. [2] xlii. 23. -Report on several nieinoirs by &I. de St.-Gilles 011 the sulphites of copper and mercury by 31.BaEard. Compt. rend. xxxviii. 346. Sulph ocyauogen.-On the composition of the yellow substance obtained by passing c\ilorine into a solution of sulphocyanide of potassium by C. Yolckel. Ann. Ch. Pharm. lxxxix. 125. Sulphur-On anew method of estimating sulyhnr by W.J.Russell.Chem SOC.Qu J. rii. 212. -Note on the melting point and transformations of sulphur by B. C.Brodie. Proc. Roy. Soc. vii. 21; Chem. Gaz. 1854 195; J. pr. Chem. Ixi. 336. -On red and black sulphur by G.Bagnus. Pogg. Ann. xcii. 308; J. Pharm. [3] xxvi. 139; Phil. Mag. [4] viii. 177. -On the brown sulphur of Radoboy in Hungarg by G. Ji‘agnus. Pogg. Ann. xcii. 637. -Occurrence of sulphur and Hauerite. S. pr. Chem. lxii. 192. -Examination of the sulphnr-spring at Segewold on the Aa in Liefland by R.Xersfing. Ann. Ch. Pharm. xc. 158 -On the state of the sulphur in the natural sulphuretted water of Enghien by 0.Henry. J. Pharm. [3] xxv. 105 166. -On the preparation of some compouncls of sulphur by Skobhkof.Bull. de St.-Petersb. Cl. &lath.-Phys. xii. 319 ; Chem. Gaz. 1854 289. -Action of sulphur on certain salts by M. Sbater. J pr. Chem. lx. 247; J. Pharm. [3] xxv. 301. -On a new sgries of sulphuretted acids by A. Kekult?. Proc. Roy. SOC. vii. 37; Chem. Gaz. 1854 198; Chem. SOC. Qu. J. vii. 188; Ann. Ch. Pharm. xc. 309. Sul p h ur e t t e d H y d r o g e n.-Apparatus for evolving sulphuretted hydrogen by 3.N v. Baumhauer. Ann. Ch. Pharm. xc. 17; Pharm. J. Trans. iv. 281. -On a sulphuretted bydrogea apparatus by A. Kemp. Chem. Gaz. 1654 109. Syrups-Note on syrup of nut-leaves by M. L’Hermite J. Phaim. [3f xxv. 364. -Syriip of violets. J. Phwm. [3) xxv. 115. TITLES OF CHEMICAL PAPERS T.T a11ow.-Nethod of purifying tallow oils &c. Chem. Gaz. 1854 298. Tan nin.-On the molecular constitution of tannin and of gallic acid by 8.&’obipet. J Pharm. [3] xxvi. 29; Pharm. J. Trans. xiv. 182. -On the tmnin of dicotyledonous plants by M. Peltenkofer. J. Pharm. [SJ xxvi. $0. -,-Deterniination of tbe percentage of tannin in substances used for tanning by Prof. Fehling. Chem. Gaz. 2854 111 ; Pharm. J. Trans xiii. 430 ; J. Pharm. [3] xxvi. 53. Tantalum,-On niobic pelopic rand tantalic acids by H. Rose. Pogg. Ann xc. 456 ; Chem. Gaz. 1854,149. -Observations on the nomenclature of the metals contained in columbite and tantdite by A. ConneEZ. Phil. Mag. [4] vii. 461 ; Sill. Am J. [S] xviii. 329. -On the so-called silico-tantalates by J.D.Dana.Sill. Am.J. [a] xviii. 253. Tar-Improvements in obtaining products from tar (G. Shand and A. MLLean’s patent). Chem. Gaz. 1854 37. Tartrate s.-Manufacture of certain citrates and tartrates. Pharm. J. Trans. xiii. 31 3 370. Taurin.-on the artificial production of taurin by A. Strecker. Compt. rend. xxxix. 61 ; Chem. SOC.Qu. J. vii. 281 ; Ann. Ch. Pharm. xci. 97; Chem. Gnz. 1854,387; Ann. Ch. Phys. [3] x’tii. 363. Tea.-0n a new tea from the Cape of Good Hope. J. Pharm. [33 xxv. 49. Te t r e th y1am m on iu m.-See Ethyl. Th e o br o m i n e.-On genuine theobromine. Chem. Gaz. 1854 476. Thermo-c hemistry.-Fundameutal principlesof nthermo-chemical system by J.Thornsen. Pogg. Ann. xei. 83 ; xcii. 34. T h erm o m e te r.-On the use of the metastatic mercurial thermometer as a ‘maximum thermometer by M.Wulferdin. Compt. rend. xxxviii. 770. Th i tll d in.-Conversion of thialdin into leucin by A. Gossmann. Ann. Ch. Pharm. xc. 184; J. Phwm. [a] xxvi. 156; Chem. Gaz. 1854 179,325 Compt. rend. xxxviii. 556. Thridace.-Presence of glucose in thyidace by M. Luhens. J. Pharm. 133 xxvi. 263. Tit ani um.-On the so-called silico-titanates by J.D.Dana. Sill. Am. J. [2] xviii. 253. Tin.-Reduction of tin by cyanide of potassium by H. Rose. J. pr. Chem. Ixi. 188 ; J.Pharm. [XJxxv. 476. -On the estimation of tin by P.Wart. Chem. Gaz. 1854 176 ; J. pr. Chem. lxii. 378. -Note on the valuation of protochloride of tin by Dr. Penny. Chem. SOC.Qu. J. vii. 50. -On the compounds of oxalic wid with the oxides of tin &c.by S. Hausmann nnd J. Uwenthal. Ann. Ch. Pharm. Ixxxix. 104; J. Phartn. [3] xxv. 234 ; Chem. Gaz. 1854 135. -On the separation of tungstic acid from binoxide of tin by F.P.Deriw. Pcgg. Ann. xcii. 835 Chem. Gaz. 1854 274. IN BRITISH AND FOREIGN JOURNALS. 373 Ti n.-On a very delicate test for certain reducing agents such as protochloride of tin sulphurous acid &c. by M. Luwenthak. J. pr. Chem. lx. 207 ; J. Pharm. [3] xxv. 79. -Improvements in purifying tin (J. A. Phillips's patent). Pharm. J. Trans. xiii. 683. -Analysis of tin pyrites by J W.Mullet. Sill. Am. J. [2] xvii. 33. Tob ac c 0.-On the estimation of nitric acid associated with organic matter- Application to tobacco by Th.Schkoesing.Ann Ch. Phys. [3] xl. 510. To1uidine.-On the action of iodide of ethyl on toluidine by R.I. Morley and J. S. Abel. Chem. SOC. Qu. J. vii. 68. Toluy1.-On some of the products of the decomposition of nitro-toluylic acid by H. M. Noad. Phil. Trans. 1854 i. 43. Tourmaline s.-Additional directions and improvements in the process for the mttnufrtcture of artificial tourmalines by W; B. Herapath. Phil. Mag. [4] vii. 352; Pharm. J. Trans. xiii. 449. Trim e th y1 ttm in e.-See Methyl. Tungsten.-Gc.searches on the tungstates by F. Lotz. Ann. Ch. Pharm. xci. 49 ; Chem. Gaz. 1854 444. -On the chemical composition of wolfram by J. Lehmnnn. J. pr. Chern. ]xi. 160. -On certain double salts of tungstic acid by H. Struve.J. pr. Chem. Ixi. 449. -On the separation of tungstic acid from binoxide oE tin by W,P. Dexter. Pogg. Ann. xcii. 335 ; Chem. Gaz. 1854 274. Turf.-On the uses to which turf might be applied in Ireland. Pharm. J. Trans. xiv. 69 170. -Note on turf-paper. Pharm. J. Trans. xiv. 137. Turpentine.-Memoir on the various -kinds of oil of turpentine by B. Berthelot. Ann. Ch. Phys. [3] xl. 5 ; J. Pharm. [3] xxv. 263. U. U r an ium.-Chemical analysis of pitchblende from Przibram in Bohemia. by C. v. Hauer. J. pr. Chem. lxi. 391. -On basic uranic sulphate from Joachimsthal in Bohemia by €f.Dauber. Pogg. Ann xcii. 251. -On the manufacture of uranium-yellow by A. Patera. Chem. Gaz. 1854 178 ; J. pr. Chem. lxi. 397. Urea.-On the estimation of urea and on a method for the determination of this substance and of chloride of sodium in urine by J.Lieb Chem Gaz. 1854,41 68. -On a new and simple mode of determining the amount of urea in the urinary secretion by E.W.Day. Phil. Mag. [4]vii. 385. -On urea as a measwe of the transformation of tissue by Z'h. Bischof. Ann. Ch. Pharm. lxxxviii. 101 ; Pharm. J. Trans Xiii. 678. -Influence of chloride of sodium on the evacuation of urea by 2%. Bischof. Ann. Ch. Pharm. lxxxviii. 109. -Experiments on the evacuation of urea by A. G. Siegmund. Ann. Ch. Pharm. Ixxxviii. 112. -On the coqjugate ureas by N.Zinin. Bull. de St. P6tersh. C1. hIath.-Phys. xii. 281; Chem. Gaz. 1854 289; J. pr. Chem. lxii. 355. -On a new salt of urea by G.Beckmann. Ann. Ch. Pham. xci. 367. TITLES OF CHEMICAL PAPERS Urin e.-Means of preventing the spontaneous decomposition of urine. Pbarm. J. Trans. xiii. 681. -On the frequent occurrence of indigo in human urine and on its chemical physiological and pathological conditions by A. H. HassalZ. Proc. Roy. Soc. vii. 122; Chem. Gaz. 1834 320. -Anrrlysis of diabetic urine by M.. Esprit jun. J. Phartu. [3] xxvi. 44. Urinary Ca 1 c u 1i.-See Calccuti. V. Vale ria n.-Note on the adulteration of commercial valerian-root with scabious-root by H.Rdveil. J. Pharm. [S] xxvi. 208. V a1er a1 d i n e.-On valeraldine a sulpliuretted base obtained from valeral- ammonia by F.Beissenhirtz. Ann. Ch. Pharm. xc 109 ; Chem. Gaz. 1854 308. Vanadium.-Note on the crystalline form of a new vanadiate of lead by M.Descloizeaux Ann. Ch. Pbys. [:3] xli. 78. Vapours.-On the elastic force of vapours in VACUO and in gases at different temperatures and on the tensions of vapours evolved from mixed or mperposed liquids by ??Regnault. Compt. rend. xxxix. 301 345 597 ; Phil. &fag. [4] viii. 269. -Researches on vapours and vapour-mixtures by Plzicker. Pogg. Ann. xcii. 103. -On formulae for the maximum pressure and latent heat of vapours :by T.J. M. Rankine. Phil. Mag. [a] viii. 530. Tarnish.-On the compositiou of Dammara varnish by W.iiiinrel. Cliern. Gaz. 1854 212. Vege tables.-Note on the preservation of vegctables by the action of over-heated steam and by desicoation by Ch. Dotfuss and A.MoreLFatio. Compt. rend. xxxviii. 1060. Vegetation.-Experimental researches on the action exerted on vegetation by salts &c. employed in equivaleuf proportions by 8.Chatin. Compt. rend. xxxviii. 269. -Researches on vegetation undertaken with the view of ascertaining whether plants fix in their organism the nitrogen which exists in the atmosphere in the gaseous state by M. BoussingauZf. Ann. Ch. Phys. [S] xli 5; J. Pharm. [3] xxvi. 127; Compt. yend. xxxviii. 680 xxxix. 601 ; J. pr. Chem. Ixii. 108. Viue-disease.-On the vine-disease in the porbwine districts of the Alto- Douro in April 1854 by J. J.Forrester. Proc. Boy. SOC.vii. 155. -Report of the Commission appointed by the French Academy to examine communications on the vine-disease. Compt.rend. xxxix. 18. Vitriols.-On the isomorphism of vitriols by Welkien. Ann. Cb. Phwm. xci. 298. Volcanic Action.-On the production of boracic acid and ammonia ty volcanic action by R.Turinyton. Chem Gaz. 1834,419. W R i -fa.-Un Wni fa the unexpnnded flower-buds of Sophora jupcrtiiea ;by illurtius. Plinrm. J. ‘i’rrtns. xiv. 64. IN BRITISH AND FOKEIGN JOURNALS W a ter.-Critical observations on %Wiamson's theory of water ethers and acids by H. Kolbe. Ann. Ch. Pharm. xc 40; Chem. Soc. Qu. J. vii. 109. -On the theory of water ethers and Rcids by C. Gerhardt. Ann. Ch. Pharm. xci. 198. -On the theoretical relations of Kater and hydrogen by 2". 8.Bunt. Sill. Am. J. [2] xvii. 194; Chem. Gaz. 1854 181. -Table of the densitv of water at various temperatures according to Hasler's experiments.Pogg. Ann. xc. 628. -On tbe water of crystallisation in certain double salts by H. Rose. Pogg. Ann. xciii. 1, -On the changes produced in the physical properties of anhydrous salts by the entrance of water of crystallisation t~yP. Kremers. Pogg. Ann. xciii. 153. -On the electro-chemical decomposition of water by F.Leblanc. Compt. rend. xxxviii. 414; Phil. Mag. [4] viii. 237. -Note on the decomposition of water by the electric current by M. Jamin. Compt. rend. xxxviii. 390,443. -On the results of a series of experiments on the decompositiotl of water by a galvanic battery with a view to obtain n brilliant and constant lime-light by N. J. Cullan. Phil. Mag. [A] vii.73; J. Fr. Tnst. [3] xsviii. 203. -On the decomposition of water by alloys of zinc and antimony by J. P. Cooke. Sill. Am. J. [2] xviii. 229. -On the spheroidal state of water in steam.boilers by A.Normandy. Phil. Mag. [a] vii. 283. -On the influence of wnter in cheniical combination-13. On the com- pounds of boracic acid and water with alumina by H. Rose. Pogg. Ann. xci. 452. -On the influence of water in chemical decomposition by H. Rose. Ann. Ch. Phgs. [3] xlii. 106. -On the use of hydrogen gas and carbonic wid gas to displace sulphuretted hydrogen in the analysis of mineral waters by F. B. Rodgers and R.E. Rodgers. Sill. Am. J. [2] xviii. 223; Chem. Gaz 1834,410. -On the temperature of springs by Rallmann Pogg.Ann. xcii. 658. -Researches on potable waters by JfM. Boutron and Felix Boudet. J. Pharm. [3] xxv. 401 ; xsvi. 16 104. -On the chemical analysis of rain-water by $1. ilfartin. Ann. Ch. Phys. [3] xli. 81; J. Pharrn. [3] xxvi. 132. -On the quantity of ammonia in rain-water collected at a distance from towns :by M. Boussinynult. Compt. rend. xxxvii. $93. -On the quantity of ammonia contained in rain-water and in the wcltcr deposited by fogs by iif Boussingnulb. Compt. rend. xxxviii. 240. -On the amounts of and methods of ehmating ammonia and nitric acid in rain-water by J. B. Lawes and J.H. Gilbert. Chern. Gaz. 1554 415. -Researches on the rain-water and the atmosphere of Lyons and certain points of its environs during the years 1852 and 1853 by Jf.Bineau.Compt. rend. xxxviii. 272. -Estimation of arsenic in mineral waters by i11. Xigout. J. Plinrm. [3] xxvi. 117. TITLES OF CHEMICAL PAPERS Water.-Occurrence of nickel and cobalt in some mineral spring waters. Pharm. J. Trans. xiii. 681. On manufactured sea-water for the aquarium by P. E. Gosse. Sill. Am. J. [a] xviii. 293. -Note on the colouration of the waters of China by C.Dareste. Compt. rend. xxxviii. 461. -Chemical analysis of the mineral waters of Harrogate by A. W.Eofmann. Chem. SOC.Qu.J. rii. 161; Pharm. J. Trans. xiv. 74,118. -The Hercules baths in the Banat. J. yr. Chem. Ixii. 222. -Chemical examination of the Max-Msrien spring in the Langenau near Geroldsgriin in Upper Franconia by E.o. Gorup-Besanex. Ann. Ch. Pharm. Ixxxix. 225. -Observations on the mineral waters of Xont-Dore by M. !Udnard. Compt. rend. xxxviii. 986 1098; J. Pharm. [3] xxvi. 117. -Observations on the prcsence and on the quantity of arsenic in the waters of Mont-Dore St.-Nectaire Bourboule and Royat by M Thdnard. Compt. rend. xxxix. 5'63. -Analysis of the mineral waters of St. Moritz in the Ober-Eugadin Canton Graubundtea by A. v. PEanta and A. Kehld. Ann. Ch. Pharm. xc. 316; J. pr. Chem. Ixiii. 61. -On the composition of certain waters in the Netherlands by J. W. Gunning. J. pr. Chem. lxi. 139. -Examination of the sulphur spring at Segewold on the Aa in Liefland by R.Xersting. Ann. Ch. Pharm. XC. 158. -Chemical examination of the Tornesi spring at Stehen in Upper Fran- conia by E.v. Gorup-Besaner. Ann. Ch. Pharm. Ixxxix. 229. -Chemical history of the mineral and thermal waters of Vichy Casset- Vaisse Hauterive and Saint-Yorre.-Chemical analyses of the mineral waters of Medagne Chiiteldon Brugheas and Seuillet by M. Bouquet. Ann. Ch. Phys. [S] xlii. 218; Compt. rend. xxxix. 326.-Report thereupon by H. de Senarmont ibid. 961. -Absorption of water by seeds during gemination by G. He&. J. pr. Chem. lxiii. 49. Wax.-On the Pe-la or insect-wax of China by 2%.Martius. Pharm J. Trans. xiv. 9. -Vegetable wax from the candleberry myrtle by P.L. Simonds. Pharm. J. Trans. xiii. 418. -Method of rapidly bleaching wax. (:hem. Gaz. 1834 208. J.pi*.Chem. lxii. 383. -On Coloured sealing-wax. the comparative properties of Chinese wax and spermaceti by Th.Martins. J. Pharm. [3] xnvi. 365. Whe a t.-Experiments on the inorganic materials required for the fructification of winter wheat and summer barley by the Prince of Sulm-Horstmar. J. pr. Chem. lxi. 145. -Researches on the gluten of wheat hy 3. iMa'Zlon. Compt. rend. xxxviii. 12. Wine.-On the acidity sweetness and strength of wine beer and spirits hy H. Bence Jones. Phil. Mag. [4] vii. 143 ; Chem. Gaz. 1854 85. -Analyses of several Rhine wines by Nan. Saenz. Bier. Ann. Ch. Pliarni. xc. 304; J. pr. Chcm. Ixiii. 38. IN BRITISH AND FOREIGN JOURNALS. Wood.4n the occurrence of tannic acids in woody plants and tbeir con-nection with the formation of woody fibre by Petttnkofer.Chem. Gaz. 1854 325. W o o d y Fi b r e.-See Lignin. Wood-gas.-On the use of wood-gas fg)r illumination in Heilbronn by H. Fehling. Chem. Gaz. 1854 239. X. X ant hoxy li ne.-On xanthoxyline a new crystalline principle obtained from Jnpanese pepper the fruit of the Xanthoqlum piperiturn of De Candolle by J.Stenhouse. Phil. Mag. [4] vii. 28 ; Ann. Ch.Pharm. lxxxix. 251 ; Pharm. J Trans. xiii. 423; J. Pharm. [3] xxv. 399 ; Ann. Ch.Phys. [3] xcii. 192. Z. Zinc.-On siliceous zinc-ore (Kieselzinkerz) by H. Dauber. Pogg. Ann. xcii. 245. On the occurrence of zinc in plants by A. Braun. Pogg. Ann. xcii. 179; J. Pharm. [3] xxvi. 237 ; Phil. Mag. [a] viii. 156. Detection of cadmium in oxide of zinc by M.Barreswil. J.Pharm. [3] xxvi. 196. Preparation of oxide of zinc free from iron r. by H. Grmnebwg. Pharm. J. Trans. xiii. 634. Quantitative separation of nickel and zinc. Ann. Ch.Pham. lxxxix.376. Chemical examination of some alloys of copper and zinc by B. Forbes. Chem. Gaz. 1854 393. On some thermo-electric properties of the metals zinc and silver by R. Adie. Chem. SOC.Qu. J. vii. 309. On stibiotrizincyl and stibiozincyl two new compounds of zinc and ant,imony with some remarks on the decomposition of water by alloys of these metals by J.P.Cooke. Sill. Am. J. [S] xviii. 229. Zircon i a.-New test for zirconia by 0.J.Bwh. J. pr. Chem. lxii. 7 ; Sill. Am. J. f2] xviii. 414.

ISSN:1743-6893    

DOI:10.1039/QJ8550700316

出版商:RSC    

年代:1855

数据来源: RSC