摘要:

This paper discusses the role of the community in agroforestry technology development and the extension approaches that have been used to spread sustainable agroforestry practices. It begins by stressing the importance of active community participation in the development of appropriate and sustainable agroforestry interventions for small holder farmers in the tropics. This is seen as essential because farmers understand their complex biophysical, socio-cultural and economic environment better than anyone else. It is therefore imperative that the community be involved in the whole process of technology development right frem problem identification to technology transfer. Similarly, problem identification and prioritisation by consensus of the community is seen as crucial, as is the role of indigenous knowledge in designing technologies that are cost effective, relevant and easily adoptable. Equally important is that interventions be tried out with a few fanners before involving the whole community and that farmers develop a monitoring system within their means that is effective in assessing the performance of these technologies. The paper concludes that a community-based extension system should be institutionalised in order to ensure sustainability in the transfer of the technologies. The system should be able to lead to the building of the capacity of the local farming community to continue utilising and transferring these technologies to solve their problems and ultimately creating sustainable farming systems.

ISSN:0012-8325    

DOI:10.1080/00128325.1996.11663308

出版商:Taylor & Francis    

年代:1996

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Traditionally, research and extension/development have existed as separate activities, usually in separate government institutions. Conventional wisdom has always seen research as generating technologies and passing on these technologies to the development and extension organisations for transfer to farmers. In several instances, especially in the case of farming systems and natural resource management technologies (e.g. agroforestry), this simplistic model has not worked. There has always been a gap between research and development, which tends to work against the whole concept of technology transfer. This phase of research-development interaction is termed in this paper as developmental on-farm research (dev-OFR). The paper presents dev-OFR as a legitimate component of research and argues that it is essential for enhancing technology transfer for impact development of agroforestry research.

ISSN:0012-8325    

DOI:10.1080/00128325.1996.11663309

出版商:Taylor & Francis    

年代:1996

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The paper begins by providing a brief inventory of the Kenyan land and water resource. Land use types are seen as comprising two main categories, namely: those occurring in the medium-to high-rainfall areas and those occurring in the Arid and Semi Arid Lands. The combined effects of population growth in high potential areas leading to migration to low potential areas are explained in terms of ecological impacts. Land-use policy is described as a separate series of instruments specific to land, agriculture, water, forests, vegetation cover, minerals, wildlife and livestock with a primary aim of ensuring optimal land-use with minimum conflicts between the competing activities and their administration. Environmental management in Kenya has over the years been facilitated by the existence of a host of policies, legal statutes as well as institutions pertaining to these various sectors. Whereas the Government's commitment to conservation and the sustainable use of resources has been stated in all national development plans since independence, this has eventually proved wanting in terms of lack of focus and effective enforcement. Fortunately, the post UNCED era lias spawned a flurry of activities in the right direction. The recently articulated National Environment Action Plan (NEAP) clearly attests to this. The paper concludes by urging a clear land-use policy formulation in order to achieve the country's major development objectives. In this respect, the enactment of both the Environmental Management Policy, Legislation, and the establishment of a land-use Commission are seen as instrumental.

ISSN:0012-8325    

DOI:10.1080/00128325.1996.11663310

出版商:Taylor & Francis    

年代:1996

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0012-8325    

DOI:10.1080/00128325.1996.11663287

出版商:Taylor & Francis    

年代:1996

数据来源: Taylor