ISSN:0931-1793    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0450.1994.tb00209.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryLiver‐porphyrin levels were found to have increased during sub‐acute lead toxicosis. The presence of selenium or monensin in the diet of lead‐intoxicated birds resulted in a further increase of liver‐porphyrin levels. The results of this study indicate the presence of an interaction between lead and selenium or monensin in producing an increase in porphyrins in the liver tissue of broiler c

ISSN:0931-1793    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0450.1994.tb00210.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryAn outbreak of severe respiratory disease in flocks of broiler chickens was associated with the isolation of a ‘novel’ strain of infectious bronchitis virus (IBV). The isolate, designated 624/I, was isolated from 9 of the 11 flocks sampled. The results of cross neutralisation and haemagglutination‐inhibition tests showed isolate 624/I to be antigenically distinct from several European and American strains. In a serological survey carried out on affected flocks, specific antibodies to IBV strain 624/I and turkey rhinotracheitis (TRT) virus were det

ISSN:0931-1793    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0450.1994.tb00211.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryIntramammary infusion of a dry‐cow antibiotic preparation containing 300 mg of cephapirin benzathine into 18 Jersey heifers, 10–12 weeks prepartum, resulted in cure rates of existing intramammary infection (IMI) of 96 % (24/25), 100 % (4/4), and 90 % (28/31) forStaphylococcus aureus, Streptococcusspecies, andStaphylococcusspecies, respectively. Cure rates of IMI that had been treated with a lactating‐cow therapy containing 200 mg cephapirin benzathine at parturition were 62.5 % (15/24), 100 % (22/22), and 100 % (3/3) forStaphylococcus aureus, Streptococcusspecies, andStaphylococcusspecies, respectively. Initial somatic cell counts (SCC) of secretions from infected quarters were greater than from uninfected quarters. At 2 months postpartum, the SCC of milk from treated and cured quarters were reduced in comparison with quarters that remained infected. Cephapirin benzathine was present at detectable concentrations in 94, 80, 68, and 61 % of treated quarters at 1, 2, 3, and 4 weeks after infusion of the cephapirin dry‐cow product, respectively. At parturition, 24 % of treated quarters were positive for antibiotic, however, no quarters remained positive for antibiotic at 5 days postpartum. An additional 40 heifers from a commercial herd were sampled and infused in all quarters with the cephapirin dry‐cow product at 16–20 weeks prepartum. Cure rates for the commercial herd were 94 % (29/31), 94 % (16/17), 100 % (44/44), and 100 % (3/3), respectively, for quarters infected byS. aureus, Streptococcusspecies,Staphylococcusspecies, an

ISSN:0931-1793    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0450.1994.tb00212.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryAntibacterial susceptibilities of bovine‐mastitis pathogens were analysed directly in 57 mastitic milk samples without inoculation with exogenous organisms. Aseptically collected milk was mixed with serial dilutions of antibacterials and the growth was observed using 2,3,5‐triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) reduction the following day. The results were compared with those obtained by using calibrated bacterial inocula in turbidimetric minimum‐inhibitory‐concentration (MIC) determination in broth cultures, and in TTC‐broth culture‐test and TTC‐normal milk‐test.The results of different methods all correlated positively when the entire data was used. However, taking the direct test in mastitic milk as the ‘true’ result, the total discrepancies varied from 34.7 % to 48.8 %. Antibacterial activities of the trimethoprim‐sulphadoxine combination, and of spiramycin and ampicillin, decreased significantly when nutrient broth was replaced by milk as the test medium. The efficacy of trimethoprim‐sulphadoxine as an antibacterial agent was also dependen

ISSN:0931-1793    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0450.1994.tb00213.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryChanges of lymphocyte subpopulations in jejunal and ileal Peyer's patches (JPP and IPP) of six calves inoculated withSalmonella dublinwere investigated at 9 hours, 1, 2, 3 and 7 days post inoculation (p.i.) using immunohistochemistry. Reactive areas and area percentages of B‐lymphocytes, as well as CD4 +, CD8+ and γδT‐lymphocytes within the different compartments of PP were estimated using computer‐assisted morphometric analysis. A significant, linear decline of the areas of lymphoid follicles and domes in JPP and IPP due to depletion of B‐lymphocytes was found. The rate of decline was similar in JPP and IPP, but more severe in lymphoid follicles than in domes. Intraepithelial cells in follicle‐associated epithelium changed from predominantly B‐lymphocytes in controls to CD8+ T‐lymphoytes in inoculated calves and clusters of B‐lymphocytes were observed above domes at days 1 and 2 p.i. Areas of CD4+ and CD8+ T‐lymphocytes within lymphoid follicles and domes were increased at 3 and 7 days p.i. resulting in decreased compartmentalization of the normally segregated T‐ and B‐lymphocyte populations. The increase of CD4+ and CD8+ T‐lymphocytes was, however, significant in lymphoid follicles in the JPP only. No significant changes in the amount and distribution of γδ

ISSN:0931-1793    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0450.1994.tb00214.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryStudy ofEubacterium‐suisInfection in the Bladder of Sow using ElectronmicroscopyScanning electron microscopy was performed on bladder biopsies from 20 sows with cystitis. Results were compared with those of healthy control animals. Biopsy specimens were taken from nine sows infected only with commensal bacteria (E. coli, streptococci, staphylococci) and from 11 sows, where Eubacterium suis (E. suis) was involved in urinary tract infection and had caused a haemorrhagic cystitis. Increased losses of normal superficial cells covered with microplicae could be seen depending on the degree of cystitis. Desquamation of the surface layer exposed smaller cells patterned with short microvilli. These cells were presumed to be immature intermediate cells and goblet cells. Goblet cells were found only in infected organs. The varying surface structure of epithelial cells in relation to receptor quality is important for the bacterial adherence to bladder mucosa.All examined bladders infected withE. suisshowed a total loss of superficial cells. Luminal cells covered with multiple short microvilli were accompanied by cells with long pleomorphic processes. Accumulating cell necrosis was indicated by a smooth surface structure. Funnel‐shaped orifices between the epithelial cells were identified as excretory ducts of mucus‐filled cysts, which are formed by the confluence of degenerating goblet cells.E. suisinfection of the porcine bladder causes more severe alterations than infections due to other bacteria. However, debilitation of the urothelium due to previous infection is necessary to support infection of the bladder withE. suis.ZusammenfassungFür die vorliegende Arbeit wurden Harnblasenbiopsien von 20 an Zystitis erkrankten Sauen mit Hilfe der Rasterelektronenmikroskopie untersucht und mit Gewebsproben aus gesunden Organen verglichen. Es handelte sich zum einen um neun Schweine, die lediglich eine Infektion mit Fäkal‐ und Schmutzkeimen wieE. coli, StreptokokkenoderStaphylokokkenaufwiesen, zum anderen um 11 Sauen, bei denenEubacterium suis (E. suis)an der Harnwegsinfektion beteiligt war und bei denen sich eine hämorrhagische Zystitis entwickelt hatte.Mit zunehmendem Zystitisgrad erhöhte sich in der Blase der Verlust an normalen, mit Mikroplicae besetzten Superfizialzellen. Dadurch wurden daruntergelegene Zellen freigelegt, die hauptsächlich kurze Mikrovilli tragen. Es handelt sich dabei entweder um unreife Intermediärzellen oder um Becherzellen. Becherzellen wurden nur bei zystitiskranken Tieren beob‐achtet. Die unterschiedliche Oberflächenstruktur der Epithelzellen ist wegen ihrer variierenden Rezeptorqualität für die Pathogenität von Zystitiserregern bedeutsam.Bei Beteiligung vonE. suiswar bei allen untersuchten Organen die Deckzellschicht vollständig verlorengegangen. Neben Zellen, die mit kurzen Mikrovilli besetzt waren, traten auch Zellen auf, die längliche, polymorphe Mikrovilli‐Formen zeigten oder deren Oberfläche eine glatte Struktur besaß. Dies wird als Zeichen für eine beginnende Zellnekrose gewertet. Trichterförmige Öffnungen zwischen den Epithelzellen konnten als Ausführungsgänge von mukusgefüllten Zysten identifiziert werden, die durch den Zerfall von Becherzellen entstanden.Es wird der Schluß gezogen, daß bei Beteiligung vonE. suismassivere Alterationen an der Harnblase des Schweines hervorgerufen werden als bei Infektionen mit anderen Erregern. Voraussetzung für das Angehen einer E.‐suis‐Infektion ist jedoch

ISSN:0931-1793    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0450.1994.tb00215.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummarySynthetic peptides corresponding to the 141–160 amino acid sequence of the protein VP1 of virus type O1Kaufbeuren (O1K) and A5Riems (A5R) were conjugated to thyroglobulin and mixed with complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) or incomplete Freund's adjuvant (IFA) together with Quil A. Although the peptide of A5R, together with IFA and Quil A, or with CFA, elicited a high antibody response to the virus in the ELISA, formula containing both IFA and Quil A induced only high titres of virus‐neutralizing antibodies in rabbits. These adjuvant formulas did not display significant differences with regard to side effe

ISSN:0931-1793    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0450.1994.tb00216.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryCloacal swabs from adult breeding geese of both sexes from six separate farms were culturally examined for mycoplasmas. Geese from these flocks did not show any clinical signs of illness, increased mortality or drop in egg production during the reproductive season.The results revealed the presence of mycoplasmas in all the flocks tested.Mycoplasma (M.) cloacalewas found in 6 flocks,M. anserisin 4 flocks,Mycoplasmaspecies 1220 in 3 flocks and non‐identifiableMycoplasmasin 2 flocks. More than oneMycoplasmaspecies was simultaneously isolated from 14 out of 37 gees

ISSN:0931-1793    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0450.1994.tb00217.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryCanine Parvovirus (CPV) is seemingly a ‘new’ virus which suddenly appeared during the mid‐1970's in an epizootic of disease in dogs. The virus is very similar to the feline panleukopenia virus (FPV), and recent studies have underlined the possible emergence of CPV as a variant of a virus from some other carnivore—possibly from FPV (Parrish, 1990). Several conserved amino‐acid changes between CPV and FPV isolates have been defined by cloning and sequencing the capsid‐protein gene. An alternative to cloning and sequencing the entire capsid‐protein gene would be to use PCR amplification of short regions of the gene containing the appropriate variable amino‐acid codons. In addition, use of PCR would also facilitate the study of virus samples which cannot be recovered as infectious agents, e.g. after having undergone formalaldehyde fixation and paraffin‐embedding procedures. This study reports on the amplification of CPV DNA from 15‐year‐old tissue sections which have been prepared by formaldehyde or paraformaldehyde‐lysine‐periodate‐glutaraldehyde fixation, using PCR with various primer pairs within the capsid‐protein gene of CPV.ZusammenfassungDas canine Parvovirus ist ein junges Virus, das zum ersten Mal in Jahr 1978 im Rahmen einer pandemischen infektiösen Gastroenteritis in Hunden isoliert wurde. Das Virus ist dem lange bekannten felinen Panleukopenie‐Virus sehr ähnlich, und jüngere Untersuchungen unter‐streichen eine mögliche Entstehung des CPV aus einem Virus eines Karnivoren, möglicherweise aus FPV (Parrish, 1990). Mehrere konservierte Aminosäureaustausche im Kapsidprotein von FPV und CPV konnten nach Klonierung und Sequenzierung des Kapsidproteingens festgestellt werden. Eine Alternative zur Plasmid‐Klonierung des gesamten Kapsidproteingens stellt die Amplifikation kurzer, die variablen Aminosäuren kodierender Genombereiche durch die Polymerase‐Ketten‐Reaktion (PCR) dar. Weiterhin bietet die PCR die Möglichkeit, Viren zu untersuchen, die nicht mehr in infektiöser Form verfügbar sind, z.B. nach Formalinfixierung und Paraffinein‐bettung. Hier wird die Amplifikation von CPV DNA aus 15‐Jahre‐alten Formalinoder Paraformaldehyd‐Lysin‐Perjodat‐Glutaraldehyd fixierten‐Gewebsschnitten, mittels PCR und verschi

ISSN:0931-1793    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0450.1994.tb00218.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY