摘要:

SummaryA total of 20 cattle and five sheep out of a larger group of animals that were experimentally challenged with virus as part of the required protocol for a vaccine trial developed clinical signs of rabies. All five sheep and 18 of the cattle tested positive for rabies in a direct fluorescent antibody (FA) test. The remaining two cattle had suspicious FA results. Prospective observations are reported in this study.In the diseased cattle, the average incubation period was 15.1 days and the average morbidity period was 3.7 days. Of those, the naive cattle had significantly shorter incubation and morbidity periods than the test‐vaccinated cattle. Major clinical signs included excessive salivation (100 %), behavioural change (100 %), muzzle tremors (80 %), vocalization (bellowing; 70 %), aggression, hyperaesthesia and/or hyperexcitability (70 %), and pharyngeal paresis/paralysis (60 %). The furious form of rabies was seen in 70 % of the cattle.In the diseased sheep, the average incubation period was 10.0 days and the average morbidity period was 3.25 days. Major clinical signs included muzzle and/or head tremors (80 %), aggressiveness, hyperexcitability, and/or hyperaesthesia (80 %), trismus (60 %), salivation (60 %), vocalization (60 %) and recumbency (40 %). The furious form of rabies manifested in 80 % of the sheep.Current rabies vaccines on the market contain higher effective doses than that utilized for the test vaccine and the results of this study do not reflect in any way on commercially available ruminant rabies vaccine

ISSN:0931-1793    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0450.1996.tb00292.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThe blastogenic response of lymphocytes from 16 newborn foals naturally infected withRhodococcus equiwas investigated, in order to evaluate the relationship betweenR. equiinfection and depressed host response.Naturally infected foals showed evidence ofR. equiinfection at 5–6 weeks of age, as determined by clinical, haematological, bacteriological and serological methods. The blastogenic response of lymphocytes against phytohaemagglutinin was significantly depressed (stimulation index<1.80; P<0.01, P<0.05) inR. equi‐infected foals at 5–6 weeks of age compared with those of control foals. Serum IgG concentration decreased rapidly after foals reached 1 week of age, and minimum levels of IgG were observed at 5–7 weeks of age inR. equi‐infected foals.This study suggests that the onset ofR. equiinfection may be associated with the depressed immune function of naturally infected foals during the first 5–6 weeks

ISSN:0931-1793    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0450.1996.tb00293.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryIn order to define more accurately the initial events that take place during rabbit haemorrhagic disease virus (RHDV) infection, different organs of experimentally infected rabbits were analysed for the presence of the virus and correlated with histopathological observations. A total of 24 rabbits were intranasally inoculated with a viral suspension, and tissue samples were taken from the liver, spleen, kidney, lung, thymus, lymph node and tonsil at different intervals post‐inoculation (2, 4, 6, 12, 18, 24, 30, 36, 48, 50, 51, 70 and 72 h). Histopathological observations revealed the presence of the first significant lesions at 30 h post‐inoculation (p.i.) in the liver. Using an ELISA and a haemagglutination test (HAT), the virus was detected in the liver at 36 h p.i. The reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) showed that the RHDV RNA was present as early as 18 h p.i. in the liver and spleen, whereas thymus, kidney, tonsil and lymph node were found to be positive after more than 36 h p.i. The lungs presented a variable positivity between 0 and 36 h p.i., but remained positive after th

ISSN:0931-1793    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0450.1996.tb00294.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryCalf carcasses contaminated withS. typhimurium, B. cereusandCl. perfringenswere placed in either a decomposition pit or in a deep burial pit. Salmonella was isolated from the soil around the decomposition pit for 27 weeks and for 15 weeks around the burial site. Salmonella reappeared in soil samples during cold winter weather after an apparent 9‐week absence from the decomposition pit and after 68 weeks in the burial site (a total of 88 weeks after the start of the experiment). There was also an annual rise in the isolation rate ofB. cereusfrom the soil during the colder winter months, butCl. perfringensappeared to be more prevalent in samples taken during spring of the second year of the study. A similar apparent rise in the prevalence ofS. enteritidisduring a cold winter period occurred in an empty poultry house that had previously held a naturally infected broiler‐breeder fl

ISSN:0931-1793    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0450.1996.tb00295.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0931-1793    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0450.1996.tb00296.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThe effect of fungal and yeast glucan on different immune functions in mice was examined and compared. The simultaneous administration of glucan and a sensitizing dose of DNFB on the different sites significantly stimulated delayed‐type hypersensitivity (DTH) response only when using fungal glucan. Both glucans tested, when administered before sensitization, significantly increased DTH response, but with a significantly higher level at the beginning of the investigation (on day 7) when using fungal glucan. The increase in phagocytic activity by the blood leucocytes started in the 1st week after fungal‐glucan treatment, and in the 2nd week after yeast‐glucan treatment, and took longer after administration of fungal glucan. The values of the phagocytic‐activity index were significantly influenced only after fungal‐glucan injection. The results of the study indicate that fungal glucan isolated fromPleurotus ostreatuscould be a prospective immunomodulating

ISSN:0931-1793    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0450.1996.tb00297.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryPlasmid profiling was used for the characterization of 13Clostridium perfringenscollection strains as well as 85 clinical and food isolates. Methodological details and limitations of the plasmid isolation procedure are outlined and discussed. For 19 clinical isolates obtained during seven group outbreaks, a close connection between at least some strains from each individual outbreak was established for six of them; only results from one outbreak were completely inconclusive, due to missing plasmids in one of the two isolates. The presence of multiple plasmid types within seven out of 12 given food samples, from which at least twoC. perfringensisolates were obtained, indicates the importance of multiple isolates for meaningful typing results in epidemiological investigations. By including results from a previous report from this laboratory, baseline data on plasmid profiles for a total of 133 isolates are provided. The results of this study revealed that 36 % of the food isolates unrelated to disease outbreaks carried no plasmids, as compared with 19–25 % among disease‐related isolates. A high prevalence (24.8 %) of a 8.9 ± 0.5 MDa plasmid was found among the 133 isolates, which contributed to one of four occurrences of identical plasmid profiles among strains that were initially considered unrelated. Two of these identical plasmid profiles were found among strains from the same culture collection, indicating the possibility of a common ancestor strain or cross‐contami

ISSN:0931-1793    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0450.1996.tb00298.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryIn this study, 45Rhodococcus equiisolates from animals and humans were identified by the Api Coryne system, and serologically with monospecific antisera against capsular types 1–7, with serotypes 1 and 2 predominating. Regardless of serotype, 14 out of 31 isolates from animals and one of 14 isolates from humans expressed 15–17‐kD virulence‐associated proteins. In hexadecane adherence studies, serotype 2 isolates generally displayed hydrophobic surfaces. In addition, isolates of serotype 1 generally haemagglutinated erythrocytes from rabbits. Neither property appeared to be related to the occurrence of the virulence‐associated proteins. By contrast, the haemagglutination reaction correlated significantly with the adherence of the bacteria to HeLa cells. This adhesion might serve as additional marker of virulence among isolates ofR. equiand might be useful in epidemiologica

ISSN:0931-1793    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0450.1996.tb00299.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryMycoplasma conjunctivaewas isolated four times from the eyes of nine Alpine ibex (Capra ibex ibex) suffering from keratoconjunctivitis. The animals examined were affected in two different outbreaks in the Swiss Alps. Parasitological and bacteriological studies, including investigations for chlamydia and mycoplasmas, were performed. The results indicate thatM. conjunctivaeis the primary pathogenic agent causing infectious keratoconjunctivitis in this species.

ISSN:0931-1793    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0450.1996.tb00300.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummarySkin biopsies from 184 cattle were immunohistochemically tested for bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) infection. BVDV infection was detected sensitively and specifically by visceral organ immunohistochemistry or by standard virological methods.

ISSN:0931-1793    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0450.1996.tb00301.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY