摘要:

SummaryThis study was designed to comparatively investigate 28S. suiscultures isolated from various pathological processes of pigs. All cultures could be identified biochemically and most of the cultures could be serogrouped with specific antiserum against Lancefield's serogroup D. Serotyping of theS. suisisolates mainly revealed capsular types 2, 1, and 22. In addition, part of the cultures, mostly those of serotype 2, reacted with monoclonal antibodies to the virulence protein muraminidase‐released protein, and, in parallel with monoclonal antibodies against the virulence protein extracellular factor. Independently of serotype and the occurrence of both virulence proteins, four cultures haemagglutinated erythrocytes from pigs, humans and rabbits. The haemagglutination reaction appeared to be related to the surface hydrophobicity of the isolates. However, part of the cultures with hydrophobic surfaces did not haemagglutinate the available erythrocyte preparations. The surface characteristics of theS. suisisolates shown in this investigation could be used to characterize individual isolates ofS. suisthat might be of importance for epidemiological studie

ISSN:0931-1793    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0450.1995.tb00685.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryA total of 14 cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples from ruminants clinically suspected of suffering from listeric encephalitis were examined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the detection ofListeria monocytogenes (L. m.).Of these samples, 11 were examined bacteriologically. Although the clinical diagnosis was confirmed in eight of 11 ruminants by histological and/or bacteriological examination of the brains,L. m.was only detected in one of the CSF samples using PCR, and in none by culture. The PCR‐positive CSF sample was obtained from a sheep which had been treated with antibiotics prior to CSF sampling. From these findings, it was concluded thatL. m.only occasionally gains access to the meningoventricular system in the course of listeric encephalitis of ruminants and that a reliable aetiologicalin vivodiagnosis of listeric encephalitis generally cannot be based on the detection ofL. m.in the CSF of affected ruminant

ISSN:0931-1793    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0450.1995.tb00686.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryDevelopment of humoral precipitating antibodies against Campylobacter spp. in chickensThe development of precipitating antibodies in chickens was examined by two‐dimensional immunodiffusion test after immunization with a formol inactivated vaccine and after subcutaneous and oral application of different live campylobacter serovars. The supernatant of bacterial cells after sonication and centrifugation was used as an antigen in the agar‐gel precipitin test. Antisera against different campylobacter serovars showed a high percentage of cross‐reactions. In chickens immunized with an inactivated vaccine at an age of 1, 2, 3, 4 and 7 weeks, precipitating antibodies could be demonstrated for the firt time at 7 days p.i. Except for 1‐week‐old birds, sera from the other groups reacted positively at 14 days p.i. After subcutaneous application of live organisms to 4‐week‐old chickens, antibodies could already be demonstrated at 4 days p.i. later in part of the experimental groups.No interrelation could be detected between antibody titers, measured by enzyme‐linked immunoabsorbent assay (ELISA), from precipitating sera, as well as from those from non‐precipitating sera. Precipitating antibodies and antibody titers in the ELISA were examined in sera from groups of birds infected at an age of 1, 2, 3, 4 and 7 weeks. During theCampylobacterexcretion period, a distinct peak of antibody titers occurred in 1‐ and 7‐week old birds, whereas other groups showed a steady increase in titers. Precipitating antibodies were only found in 1‐ and 2‐week‐old chickens.ZusammenfassungIm zweidimensionalen Immundiffusionstest wurde das Auftreten präzipitierender Antikörper bei SPF‐Hühnern nach Applikation einer Formalin‐inaktivierten Totvakzine sowie nach subcutaner und oraler Inokulation einer Suspension mit verschiedenen lebenden Campylobacter‐Serovaren untersucht. Als Antigen fand der zentrifugierte Überstand von Campylobacter‐Bakterien nach Ultraschallbehandlung Verwendung. Antiseren, die gegen die verschiedenen Campylobacter‐Stämme gebildet worden waren, wiesen in einem hohen Prozentsatz Kreuzreaktionen auf. Hühner, die im Alter von 1, 2, 3, 4 und 7 Wochen mit einer Formalin‐inaktivierten Vakzine immunisiert wurden, wiesen erste präzipitierende Antikörper 7 Tage p.i. auf. Mit Ausnahme 1wóchiger Küken reagierten alle Seren nach 14 Tagen im Immundiffusionstest positiv. Nach subcutaner Verabreichung lebender Bakterien an 4wöchige Küken waren Antikörper erstmals 3 Tage p.i. nachweisbar.Ein Vergleich zwischen den im ‘enzyme‐linked immunoabsorbent assay’ (ELISA) nachgewiesenen Antikörpertitern von präzipitierenden und nicht präzipitierenden Seren ergab, daß kein Zusammenhang zwischen ELISA‐Antikörpertitern und präzipitierenden Antikörpern besteht. Nach oraler Infektion von 1‐, 2‐, 3‐, 4‐ und 7wöchigen Tieren wurden neben der Untersuchung auf präzipitierende Antikörper auch die Antikörpertiter im ELISA verfolgt. Bei 1‐ und 7wöchigen Hühnern konnte im Verlauf der Campylobacter Ausscheidungsperiode ein deutlicher Gipfel der ELISA‐Antikörpertiter festgestellt werden, während bei den anderen Altersgruppen ein gleichförmiger Anstieg der Titer zu verzeichnen war. Präzipitie

ISSN:0931-1793    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0450.1995.tb00687.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryHerpesvirus of turkeys (HVT) is frequently used to protect chickens against Marek's disease (MD). The HVT and MDV native antigen B complex shares common epitopes. To determine whether these oligomers present virus‐neutralizing domains, monospecific antibodies to the HVT and MDV native 230 kDa oligomers were produced. The monospecific antibody immunopurified from an anti‐HVT avian serum neutralized thein vitroinfectivity of the oncogenic isolate MDV‐B and the vaccine strains CVI988, SB1 and HVT and immunoblotted the 230 kDa oligomers of HVT and CVI988. As a result of the immunofluorescence analysis on infected cells, the monospecific antibody revealed foci of diffuse cytoplasmic immunofluorescence. A second monospecific antibody to the heat‐stable 130 kDa monomer of HVT had limited neutralizing activity against HVT and CVI988 only, immunoblotted only the native HVT oligomer, and was not active in immunofluorescence. The monospecific antibody to the MDV‐B 230 kDa oligomer neutralized and immunoblotted only the two MDV‐1 strains but stained cells infected with MDVs of the three serotypes in immunofluorescence. It is concluded that the cross‐protective neutralizing epitopes of HVT are located on heat‐labile oligomeric for

ISSN:0931-1793    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0450.1995.tb00688.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryPathology records from the State Veterinary Laboratory for Northern Norway were used to examine the association between the occurrence of cerebrospinal elaphostrongylosis (CSE) in small ruminants and summer temperature and rainfall in northern Norway. From 1968 to 1993,Elaphostrongylus rangiferiinduced CSE was diagnosed in six sheep and 30 dairy goats from 28 different herds in northern Norway. The animals were received for autopsy during 11 different winters. The occurrence of CSE was associated with high mean temperatures during the preceding summers.Further information on clinical CSE and potential risk factors of the disease was obtained from small‐ruminant farmers in northern Norway in 1989 and 1991, using a questionnaire. Clinical CSE was defined as posterior paresis without any evidence of brain disturbances or cranial nerve dysfunctions. The survey showed that epidemics of CSE may occur in goat herds while the occurrence of CSE was sporadic in sheep herds. Disease incidence in affected goat herds varied between 0.8 and 8.2%. CSE was associated with the presence of reindeer in the pasture area and occurred in the first, third and, especially, the fourth quarter of the yea

ISSN:0931-1793    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0450.1995.tb00689.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThe effects ofStaphylococcus aureusmastitis on milk yield and composition throughout subsequent lactation in lactating guinea‐pigs and the role of endotoxin pretreatment on these phenomena were investigated. Primiparous lactating guinea‐pigs were intramammarily inoculated with sterile saline (group 1),S. aureusstrain UC 6097 (group 2), or withS. aureusUC 6097 after endotoxin pretreatment (group 3). Clinical signs and survival rate were monitored. During the second lactation, daily milk yield was measured and milk composition was determined. In primiparous inoculated guinea‐pigs, moderate (group 3)‐to‐severe acute mastitis (group 2) was produced. During subsequent lactation, milk yield in the control group peaked on day 5 and then decreased. Concentrations of Na+and Cl−in milk, and concentrations of fat, gradually increased, but lactose and K+decreased. After an early decrease, NAGase in milk increased towards the end of lactation. Except for higher NAGase concentrations in group 3, milk yield and composition during the second lactation did not differ significantly between the mastitis and the control groups. Endotoxin pretreatment only plays a role in the determination of the severity of th

ISSN:0931-1793    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0450.1995.tb00690.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Book reviewed in this article:Zipfel, W., Lebensmittelrecht/Text.Zipfel, W., Lebensmittelrecht.

ISSN:0931-1793    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0450.1995.tb00691.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0931-1793    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0450.1995.tb00692.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryStaphylococcus aureusstrains isolated from bovine mastitic milk in Trinidad were examined for their susceptibility to bacteriophages and antimicrobial agents and their ability to produce enterotoxins. Phage 42D was used to screen for bovine strains ofS. aureusin milk. Of 250 strains tested, 224 (89.6%) were sensitive to phages in the international phage set (IPS), 85 (34.0%) were resistant to antimicrobial agents and 134 (53.6%) were enterotoxigenic. Strains lysed by phages in various groups (mixed) were prevalent, 145 (58.0%), followed by strains sensitive to groups III (17.0%) and I (8.8%) phages. A total of 72 (28.8%) strains were lysed by phage 42D either alone or with others. Resistance to penicillin was most common with 59 (23.6%) strains while 44 (17.6%) and 43 (17.2%) strains were resistant to ampicillin and triple sulphur respectively. Only 3 (1.2%) strains were resistant to methicillin. Prevalence of resistance to penicillin (12.5%) amongst phage 42D‐sensitive strains was significantly (P ≤ 0.01; X2) lower than for strains not lysed by phage 42D (28.1%) but strains susceptible to phage 42D were significantly (P ≤ 0.05; X2) more resistant (4.2%) to methicillin than those not lysed by the phage (0.0%). Amongst 134 enterotoxigenic strains, 32 (23.9%), 77 (57.5%), 67 (50.0%) and 21 (15.7%) produced staphylococcal enterotoxins A(SEA), B(SEB), C(SEC) and D(SED) respectively either alone or mixed. SEB and SEC were significantly (P ≤ 0.01; X2) more produced than either SEA or SED. Strains lysed by groups IV, i.e. 42D (62.5%), and III (56.7%) were more enterotoxigenic than those sensitive to phages in groups II (45.5%) and non‐typable (46.2%) but the differences were not statistically significant (P ≥ 0.05; X2). Strains lysed by group II phages (72.7%) were significantly (P ≤ 0.05; X2) more resistant to antimicrobial agents than those lysed by phage 42D (18.8%).It was concluded that bovine mastitis strains ofS. aureusin Trinidad were highly susceptible to bacteriophages and antimicrobial agents and enterotoxigenic and less than one‐third may be considered to be

ISSN:0931-1793    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0450.1995.tb00693.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryExperimental infection of rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) with a virulent (W1) strain ofPlasmodium knowlesiresulted in cerebral malaria. Electron microscopical examination of the brain revealed large numbers of intracytoplasmic lipofuscin pigment deposits in cerebellar Purkinje neurones and choroid plexus epithelium of the lateral ventricle. This lesion may be part of the nervous system response to ischaemic hypoxia.

ISSN:0931-1793    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0450.1995.tb00694.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY