摘要:

SummaryThe potential pathogenicity ofBeauveria bassianawas examined by intramuscular injection of high (2 times 108) or low (2 times 105) concentrations of conidia spores, into the left or right quadriceps muscles of CD‐1 mice, respectively. The injection sites were monitored over a period of 28 days by both microbiological and histopathological methods. Focal muscle necrosis, edema and inflammation occurred rapidly (within 12 hours) at the high dose application (2 times 108) site, but such lesions were far less severe with the low dose spore application (2 times 105). Fungal spores in the high dose site persisted in normal shape for 2 weeks, after which time they began to degenerate. Almost all spores were cleared from the injection site within the 28‐day observation period. Spread to other organs of the body was not observed, except by macrophage transport to regional lymph nodes. At the low dose rate, most spores were cleared within 12 h to 2 d, leaving only mild focal edema and inflammation. Viable fungal colonies could be recovered up to 3 d after injection from the high dose site, but only up to 12 h from the low dose site. It was concluded that B. bassiana does not cause infection, nor multiply, nor survive for more than 3 days when injected intramuscularly into healthy m

ISSN:0931-1793    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0450.1992.tb01141.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryVirus isolation, immunofluorescent staining and DNA probe hybridization, three techniques for the detection of pseudorabies virus (PRV) have been compared in pigs experimentally infected with the Thailand CB‐1 strain PRV.The virus isolation and DNA hybridization detection demonstrated a good correlation in detecting infection in live animals by nasal swabbing. In white blood cells an earlier detection was seen with the DNA‐hybridization techniques. Consistent results with all the three techniques tested were found in organ materials as nasal mucosa and tonsils as well as in the olfactory b

ISSN:0931-1793    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0450.1992.tb01142.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryA serologic survey study of 5,076 Austrian cattle farming herds was carried out in the period of December 1988 till March 1990. One animal was randomly selected from each herd and the antibody titer againstAnaplasma marginalein blood serum samples was evaluated by means of the complement fixation test. The number of these tested blood samples was 3.6% of 140,081 cattle herd farms of Austria.109 (2.1 %) of the tested animals showed positive titers (1: 10) againstAnaplasma marginale, in relation to the 140,081 cattle herds 0.08%. 4,786 (94.3%) blood serum samples were sero‐negative, 188 (3.8 %) reacted anticomplementary.The highest number of antibody‐positive animals of 8 tested Austrian districts could be found in Carinthia (46 = 5.7%). In Burgenland all tested sera turned out to be negative. Concerning the distribution of sero‐positive animals in Austria it can be stated that a decrease of positive reactors from southern to northern region is evident. A connection between the occurrence of anaplasmosis in Italy, Yugoslavia, Switzerland and Hungary, is postulated as a result of the different systems of keeping cattle in the provinces and the regional increase of tick invasion. Possibly an intensive animal transportation is of importance due to the introduction of the disease mentioned before.The results obtained show that anaplasmosis does occur in different areas of Austria.For control of this disease in Austria it is proposed that all imported cattle should be tested serologically for antibodies againstAnaplasma marginale. Other diseases in connection with anemia should be excluded by clinical, serological, blood‐, as well as pathological exami

ISSN:0931-1793    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0450.1992.tb01143.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryFor the diagnosis of chlamydiosis in dead and live birds different methods were compared for their sensitivity and specificity. The specificity of the modified Giménez staining and the direct immunofluorescence (DIF) test for direct demonstration ofChlamydia psittaciin organ, cloacal and/ or conjunctival smears was examined. The sensitivity of the isolation ofChlamydia psittaciin 6 days embryonated specific pathogen free (SPF) chicken eggs, Buffalo Green Monkey (BGM) cell line, McCoy cell line and Vero cell line was compared.On smears, the direct immunofluorescence test was more specific than the modified Giménez staining. The concordance between the results of both detection methods was 80%. The BGM cell culture was the most sensitive artificial host for isolation ofChlamydia psittaci, followed by the embryonated eggs, the Vero cell line and the McCoy cell line. The concordance between the results of isolation in BGM cell culture and eggs was 96.5 %, while it was 86 % between the results of isolation in BGM cell culture and Vero cell culture and only 65.5 % between the results of isolation in BGM cell culture and McCoy cell culture.For dead bird species, chlamydiosis could be diagnosed more often using DIF on smears than with isolation. The concordance between the results of the DIF on smears and isolation followed by DIF was 91

ISSN:0931-1793    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0450.1992.tb01144.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary2,979 sera were collected from slaughtered swine in two geographic areas of Spain from 1987 to 1989. They were tested for antibodies against an H1N1‐ and H3N2‐influenza virus by haemagglutination‐inhibition tests (HI).The percentage of positive sera was higher in area I (78 %‐69.2 %) than in area II (63.1 % ‐60.4%) for both viruses respectively.The coexistence of high titres to both H1N1‐ and H3N2‐influenza virus became apparent in cold months simultaneously in each area, although influenza viruses circulated in the Spanish swine population for two years.Also this study suggests the possible circulation of A/Texas/1/77‐like strains in Spain, results which have not been reported before.ResumenSe recogieron en matadero 2979 sueros a partir de porcino de cebo procedente de dos áreas geográficas de España desde 1987 a 1989. Los sueros fueron enfrentados a un virus influenza H1N1y a otro H3N2mediante la técnica de inhibición de la hemoaglutinación.Los porcentajes de sueros positivos fué más elevado en el área I (78 % ‐69,2 %) que en el área II (63,1 %‐60,4 %) para ambos virus, respectivamente.La coexistencia de cifras elevadas de anticuerpos frente a ambos virus se evidenció durante los meses fríos y de forma paralela en las dos áreas, aunque virus influenza circularon entre la población porcina española a lo largo de los dos años.Además en este estudio se sugiere la posible circulación de virus análogos a la cepa A/Texas/1/77

ISSN:0931-1793    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0450.1992.tb01145.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryTwo groups of three week old Herring Gulls (Larus argentatus) were held to observe the carrier state with Campylobacter. All 27 birds of group I excretedCampylobacter jejuni biotype IIIwhen they were caught from their colony. Four weeks later all but one were negative, indicating that the carrier state lasts until about the seventh week of life, with self‐elimination if infection with another Campylobacter species is prevented by housing in a closed environment as in this study. Only one bird became reinfected one year later when gulls from group I were brought into contact with gulls from group II, consisting of ten freshly caught gulls, four of which were infected with the same biotype of Campylobacter, indicating that there might be some kind of immunity protection against infection with the same biotype ofCampylobacter sp

ISSN:0931-1793    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0450.1992.tb01146.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThe present study was performed to study possibilities of early decision making for appropriate conveyor‐line at future slaughtering of normal, clinically healthy finishing pigs. Blood was collected at slaughter from barrows (n = 112). A meticulous examination for subclinical pathological lesions was performed, revealing 5 groups of subjects listed in order of increasing disease‐activity: 1 ‐ no real disease‐activity; 2 ‐ with mild subchronical lesions; 3 ‐ with subacute lesions; 4 ‐ with abscesses; and 5 ‐ with fibrinous‐necrotic lesions. Significant differences for values of erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), protein, albumin, globulines, and plasma viscosity appeared to occur in this series. It is suggested that measuring acute phase reactants in blood of slaughtered pigs in the near future may reveal appropriate modern tools for meat inspection and predicting slaughter

ISSN:0931-1793    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0450.1992.tb01147.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryCell surface hydrophobicities ofActinomyces pyogeneswere determined by measuring the adherence of the bacteria to hexadecane droplets and by salt aggregation tests. Among 42A. pyogenescultures tested 25 (60%) adhered strongly (adherence ≥ 75%) and 17 (40%) less pronounced (adherence between 25–75%) to the hexadecane droplets. Pre‐treatment of the bacteria with proteolytic enzymes completely eliminated the adherence properties whereas heat treatment had no effect. The salt aggregation studies revealed that 4 (10%) cultures aggregated in ammonium sulfate solutions of a molarity of 0.05 mol/l, 5 (12%), 14 (33%) and 3 (7%) cultures in ammonium sulfate solutions with molarities of ≥ 1.5 mol/l, ≥ 3 mol/l and ≥ 4.5 mol/l, respectively. No aggregation at all could be observed with 16 (38 %) of the cultures. Pronase treatment completely eliminated the salt aggregation reactions, trypsin‐ and heat treatment had no effect. The results from hexadecane adherence and salt aggregation did not correspond. The differences in surface hydrophobicities, possibly related to adherence properties ofA. pyogenes, could be used for epidemiological typing of individual cultures of this bact

ISSN:0931-1793    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0450.1992.tb01148.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThe strains ofDermatophilus congolensisgrew on blood agar with washed sheep erythrocytes with marked total hemolysis. In testing for hemolytic interactions they gave a significant synergistic effect of a characteristic shape withRhodococcus equiandStreptococcus agalactiae, whereas withStaphylococcus aureusproducing beta hemolysin and withStaphylococcus aureusproducing delta hemolysin a simultaneous synergistic as well as antagonistic effect were observed. First of all a conspicuous inhibition of in the beta hemolysin zone began and then the hemolytic effect ofD. congolensiswas enhanced. A similar double reaction was also observed withListeria ivanovii. With delta hemolysin there was an inhibition of the hemolytic effect ofD. congolensisand at the same time a synergistic effect could be observed. AlsoD. congolensisgave a weak synergistic effect withMicrococcus lylaeandListeria monocytogenes, and a further weak antagonistic effect with alpha hemolysin ofStaphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus hyicus, Staphylococcus chromogenesandMicrococcus luteus. No interaction ofD. congolensiswas established withCorynebacterium pseudotuberculosis.

ISSN:0931-1793    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0450.1992.tb01149.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThe production of staphylococcal enterotoxins (SE) and toxic shock syndrome toxin‐1 by 40 coagulase negative staphylococci isolated from sheep, goat and cow mastitis was studied. Both ELISA double sandwich and Western blot were used to detect the production of these toxins. Only two strains ofS.xylosuswere enterotoxigenic, producing SEC. TSST‐1 was seen to be produced by 5 strains ofS. xylosus, 1S. sciuriand 2S. epidermidis. Results obtained by ELISA and by Western blot agreed in all cases except in one strain ofS. epidermidiswhich was only positive using EL

ISSN:0931-1793    

DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0450.1992.tb01150.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY