摘要:

The large federal deficits run throughout the 1980s generated concern that we were mortgaging our future. In 1991, the note came due. The potential for aggravating the long‐run deficit problem constrained fiscal policy from reacting to the recession. Institutional and partisan conflict and the controls established by the Budget Enforcement Act (BEA) limited responses to a remarkable budgetary opportunity—the dissolution of the Soviet Union—and to a serious budgetary threat—exploding health care costs. The BEA controls were applied rigidly with a few minor exceptions, and credit reform was implemented successfully; on the other hand, Congress and the president made no headway on further deficit reductions even though long‐run projections worsened. The agenda‐setting role of the president's budget for the fiscal year 1993 diminished, as the document's format was heavily influenced by the upcoming presidential election. In contrast to this mixed record for federal budgeting, progress was made in building a financial management structure and developing accountin

ISSN:0275-1100    

DOI:10.1111/1540-5850.00934

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The integration of twelve Western European countries into a single market in 1992 will make the European Community (EC) a major force in world affairs. To familiarize the reader with the EC, this article examines the EC budget‐how is it prepared, what it includes, and how it is financed. Some selected comparisons with U.S. institutions and processes are also offered in order to facilitate understandin

ISSN:0275-1100    

DOI:10.1111/1540-5850.00935

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

What is the impact of capital spending for buildings, equipment, and other facilities on future operating expenditures of municipal governments? Because capital spending decisions are made independent of operating decisions in many larger municipalities, managers make long‐term capital commitments without fully understanding the repercussions for operations. This implies the need for research that examines more closely the linkages between these budget cycles. This article develops a theory of the relationship between capital and operating expenditures, then uses data from the fortyeight largest U.S. cities to estimate both the magnitude of capital's impact and the time it takes for operating budgets to adjust. The study finds that five of six commonly provided municipal services were affected to varying degrees by past years' capital expenditures. Especially notable is the finding that the operating budgets of labor‐intensive services, such as police and fire protection, are most sensitive to capital spending. For public managers, the findings point to the need for closer coordination between the capital and operating budget cycles, especially in those cases where capital outlays have clear, unambiguous positive implications for future operati

ISSN:0275-1100    

DOI:10.1111/1540-5850.00936

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

State pension fund managers appear to be under increasing pressure to promote social, ethical, or economic development goals with at least some of their investments. This article offers a conceptual framework for considering socioeconomic investing by these funds, and uses it in a national survey of state pension fund investment practices. True “social” investing, involving the expected sacrifice of market average rates of return for social or ethical goals, appears to be much less widespread than expected. However, the survey also suggests that policies and procedures designed to insure the prudence and accountability of fund managers with regard to socioeconomic investing may not be in place in many sta

ISSN:0275-1100    

DOI:10.1111/1540-5850.00937

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The author examines three cities that have sold a portion of their CDBG housing rehabilitation loan portfolio to secondary mortgage markets and private banks to secure additional capital for their revolving loan funds. Through case studies, the article focuses on some of the key issues in these sales including discounting, assumption of default risk, and loan documentation. It is concluded that such markets may become of increasing importance in the future as a source for augmenting declining public sector funds.

ISSN:0275-1100    

DOI:10.1111/1540-5850.00938

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

In Virginia, major differences between revenue forecasts and actual revenue collections raised questions from legislators about the adequacy of the state's econometric forecasting models and the forecasting process itself. Consequently, Virginia's process and models were examined by the Joint Legislative Audit and Review Commission (JLARC), a legislative watchdog agency. The review found most of the differences could be attributed to declining economic factors and not poor forecasting. However, a surprisingly large component of the forecast was based on undocumented judgmental inputs that required greater oversight. Other states in similar circumstances may wish to evaluate their own forecasting process and econometric models using the JLARC approach.

ISSN:0275-1100    

DOI:10.1111/1540-5850.00939

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

California's 1991–92 budget is suffering from the cyclical effects of the current recession and from structural pressures that could keep the state's budget in the red for the rest of the decade. This article outlines the causes of California's deficit crisis, and briefly examines some of the potential solutions that are being considered to resolve the state's short‐ and long‐term fiscal difficu

ISSN:0275-1100    

DOI:10.1111/1540-5850.00940

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

County governments in the 1970s had few responsibilities beyond the courts and jail functions. Now, due to large suburban growth in the 1980s, county governments will find themselves immersed in capital financing issues. Arlington County, Virginia, is the setting of this article on the effects of major financings in the 1980s on a county government in the 1990s.

ISSN:0275-1100    

DOI:10.1111/1540-5850.00941

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Books reviewed:Edward J. Clyncu and Thomas P. Lauth, (eds.)Governors, Legislatures, and Budget Across the American StatesC. William Garner,Accounting and Budgeting in Public and Nonprofit Organizations: A Manager's GuideHerman B. Leonard,Checks Unbalanced: The Quiet Side of Public SpendingDavid M. Lawrence,Local Government Finance in North CarolinaTimpthy J. Conlan, Margaret T. Wrightson, and David R. Beam,Taxing Choices: The Politics of Tax Reform

ISSN:0275-1100    

DOI:10.1111/1540-5850.00869

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY