摘要:

This article considers the nature of generally accepted accounting principles and how well they match the purpose and activities of the federal government. A comparison of fundamental differences affecting accounting and reporting for private business and the federal government shows that although the generally accepted accounting principles do not work for the federal government, it does not follow that the federal government has nothing to gain from these principles.

ISSN:0275-1100    

DOI:10.1111/1540-5850.00915

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This article discusses the disagreement over set accounting standards for federal agencies that GAO published in “Title 2” of itsPolicies and Procedures Manual for the Guidance of Federal Agencies. The Office of Management and Budget has declined to require agencies to follow the standards although many agencies do follow the standards in completing financial statements. These differences are a result of doubt regarding the appropriateness of the standards as well as the constitutionality of the standards. Therefore, the Federal Accounting Standards Advisory Board was created with the goal of securing agreement on standards for federal account

ISSN:0275-1100    

DOI:10.1111/1540-5850.00916

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The federal deposit insurance program required billions of dollars in taxpayer subsidies in recent years. Unless reforms are initiated soon, the program will continue to incur losses and will likely sizeable require subsidies in the future. Some of the blame for the past losses of the deposit insurance program has been attributed to the regulatory discretion and lack of information on the potential losses arising from the exercise of regulatory discretion. It is often argued that market‐value accounting can be an effective check on regulatory discretion and can minimize the future costs of the program to the taxpayers. This study examines the role market‐value accounting can play in reducing the potential taxpayer subsidies to the program. It examines the relationship between accounting system and losses to the deposit insurance program, discusses the problems in implementing the market‐value accounting, and shows how market‐value accounting can improve the effectiveness of the system of public regulation and reduce the adverse financial consequences of regulatory discretion. While the direct focus of the article is on the deposit insurance reform, the discussion and the arguments have applicability to improving the regulatory effectiveness of other public agencies and p

ISSN:0275-1100    

DOI:10.1111/1540-5850.00917

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Since the mid‐1980s, there has been an acceleration of state and local government interest in the taxable bond market as a source of capital. This has resulted from, among other factors, restrictions imposed on economic and industrial development loan programs resulting from the passage of the Tax Reform Act of 1986. Increased state and local government involvement in the taxable bond markets has increased competition for such capital between the public and the private sectors. In turn, the developing capital competition has expanded into overseas securities markets. Private sector corporations have frequently accessed foreign capital markets to take advantage of lower interest rates and reduced financing costs. By contrast, state and local governments have accessed such markets only recently. This article discusses the policy issues considered by a state or local government entity when it decides to borrow funds in foreign markets and discusses the issues involved in managing currency and interest rate risk when issuing municipal bonds in foreign markets. It includes a review of the hedging techniques used by the Kentucky Development Finance Authority (KDFA) to protect against changes in the Yen/Dollar exchange relationship on a recent Samurai bond issue sold by KDFA as an example of such a transactio

ISSN:0275-1100    

DOI:10.1111/1540-5850.00918

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

As a result of severe financial losses by local governments in the mid‐1980s due to falling interest rates, the Governmental Accounting Standards Board Statement No. 3 was issued. The GASB No. 3 provides information for assessing a government's actual and future deposit, investment market, and credit risks. This article investigates the number of governments disclosing deposits and investments in the high risk category and determines if there are common characteristics among those reporting high risk deposits and investment

ISSN:0275-1100    

DOI:10.1111/1540-5850.00919

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Health care cost containment has become an important issue in Western countries in recent years. However, most efforts have met with only limited success and Italy is no exception. This article examines the mixed public‐private system existing in Italy. It also describes and evaluates cost‐containment efforts in the Italian public health care sys

ISSN:0275-1100    

DOI:10.1111/1540-5850.00920

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Since 1984, New Zealand has made major changes in public sector management. This article describes the perceived problems with the previous New Zealand system and discusses the reforms designed to address these problems. The changes attempt to increase efficiency by: (1) separating commercial functions from other government operations; (2) strengthening lines of ministerial and executive accountability; and (3) designing budget and financial management systems to improve measurement of public sector performance. This last reform includes shifting from an input to an output‐based system, changing from cash to accrual accounting, and creating different forms of appropriations for different types of government activities. While it is too early to assess whether the reforms are successful, we note potential problem

ISSN:0275-1100    

DOI:10.1111/1540-5850.00921

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Funding arrangements for human service programs are often complex, particularly when intergovernmental financing is involved. There are two financial arrangements used by human services administrators to assure that money budgeted is spent as intended. Reallocation of unspent funds among jurisdictions and carryover to the following year of unspent balances are examined in this article based on examples drawn from two programs in Minnesota.

ISSN:0275-1100    

DOI:10.1111/1540-5850.00922

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Books reviewed:Charles T. Clotfelter and Philip J. Cook,Selling Hope: State Lotteries in AmericaRichard D. Bingham, Edward W. Hill, and Sammis B. White, (eds.)Financing Economic DevelopmentJoseph White and Aaron Wildavsky,The Deficit and the Public InterestHoward Elcock, Grant Jordan, and Arthur Midwinter,Budgeting in Local Governments: Managing the Margins

ISSN:0275-1100    

DOI:10.1111/1540-5850.00856-114

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY