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1. |
EVALUATION OF THE HEALTH RISK ASSOCIATED WITH EXPOSURE TO CHLOROFORM IN INDOOR SWIMMING POOLS |
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Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A,
Volume 61,
Issue 4,
2000,
Page 225-243
Benoît Lévesque, Pierre Ayotte, Robert Tardif, Ginette Charest-Tardif, éric Dewailly, Denis Prud'Homme, Guy Gingras, Sylvain Allaire,
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摘要:
The exposure of swimmers to chloroform (CHCl5) was investigated in indoor swimming pools of the Quebec City region along with the associated carcinogenic risk. Six training sessions involving 52 competition swimmers (11 to 20 yr old) were conducted in 3 different pools, while 12 adult leisure swimmers attended 5 sessions, each held in a different pool. For each session, water and ambient air CHCl3concentrations were measured and CHCl3levels in alveolar air samples (CHCl3ALV) collected from swimmers prior to entering the swimming pool premises and after 15, 35, and 60 min of swimming. Mean water concentrations varied from 18 µg/L to 80 µg/L, while those in air ranged from 78 µg/m3 to 329 µg/m3. Multiple linear regression analyses revealed that CHCl3ALV values in competition swimmers were strongly correlated to ambient air and water levels, and to a lesser degree to the intensity of training. Only ambient air concentration was positively correlated to CHCl3ALV in the leisure group. Concentrations of CHCl3metabo lites bound to hepatic and renal macromolecules, estimated using a physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model, were 1.6 and 1.9 times higher for the competition swimmers than for the leisure swimmers, respectively. The highest hepatic concentration predicted in competition swimmers, 0.22 µg CHCl equivalents/kg of tissue, was at least 10,000 times lower than the smallest no observed3effect level for liver tumors in animals. Data indicate that the safety margin is therefore very large, for competitive swimmers as well as for leisure swimmers.
ISSN:1528-7394
DOI:10.1080/00984100050136553
出版商:Informa UK Ltd
年代:2000
数据来源: Taylor
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2. |
EFFECTS OF INDOOR ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS ON RISK FOR ATOPIC ECZEMA IN A SUBTROPICAL AREA |
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Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A,
Volume 61,
Issue 4,
2000,
Page 245-253
Chun-Yuh Yang, Ming-Fen Cheng, Ya-Lun Hsieh,
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摘要:
The objective of this study was to examine the relationship between indoor environmental factors and atopic eczema in a subtropical area. A case-control study was performed using participants from a survey that included 144 school children with atopic eczema and 144 age- and gender-matched controls. The study was confined to 4164 primary school children aged 6?12 yr attending 8 primary schools in Kaohsiung rural municipalities who participated in the study. Cases of atopic eczema were ascertained by asking whether a physician had ever diagnosed this condition in the child. Information regarding the home environment was obtained using a structured written questionnaire, completed by the parents of the children. Of the many indoor environmental factors included in this study, such as dampness and smoking, none was found to be associated with atopic eczema.
ISSN:1528-7394
DOI:10.1080/00984100050136562
出版商:Informa UK Ltd
年代:2000
数据来源: Taylor
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3. |
CONCENTRATIONS OF ARSENIC, CADMIUM, COPPER, LEAD, MERCURY, AND ZINC IN HUMAN PLACENTAS FROM TWO CITIES IN UKRAINE |
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Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A,
Volume 61,
Issue 4,
2000,
Page 255-263
Tamara D. Zadorozhnaja, Ruth E. Little, Richard K. Miller, Nikola A. Mendel, Robert J. Taylor, Bobby J. Presley, Beth C. Gladen,
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摘要:
Ukraine is a highly industrialized country with major environmental problems and deteriorating reproductive health. Heavy metals are known reproductive toxins; a study was undertaken to determine whether they were present at sufficient concentrations to be playing a major role in these health problems. Placental concentrations of arsenic, cadmium, copper, lead, mercury, and zinc were determined in 200 women from the general population of two urban areas of Ukraine, Kyiv and Dniprodzerzhinsk. Arsenic was detected in only 5% of the samples, lead in 22%, and mercury in 28%. Cadmium was detected in almost all samples, with a median of 5.2 ng/g. Concentrations of lead, mercury, and cadmium were low compared to those reported elsewhere, while zinc and copper concentrations were comparable.
ISSN:1528-7394
DOI:10.1080/00984100050136571
出版商:Informa UK Ltd
年代:2000
数据来源: Taylor
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4. |
RECREATION AND RISK AROUND LOS ALAMOS: ARE HISPANICS MORE AT RISK? |
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Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A,
Volume 61,
Issue 4,
2000,
Page 265-280
Joanna Burger,
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摘要:
The Department of Energy (DOE) and other federal facilities are involved in massive remediation and restoration efforts on lands that may eventually be turned over for recreation or other uses by the public. In addition, other sites are expected to continue their ongoing missions, but recreation may be sanctioned, or not discouraged, on their remediated lands. Understanding the amount and types of recreation of regional residents who might use such lands, as well as their willingness to use these lands, is critical to determining both cleanup and restoration standards, and potential future risk. In this article the recreational rates, current recreational use, and willingness to recreate on Los Alamos National Laboratory in New Mexico are examined for 356 people interviewed at a well-attended gun show in Albuquerque, NM. There were few significant ethnic differences in recreational rates, although Hispanics had higher fishing rates and lower birdwatching rates than whites. Women hunted less, and photographed more, than men. Younger people fished and hunted more, and bird-watched less, than older people. There were no differences in recreational rates as a function of income or education. These data can be used for understanding potential exposure of people in the vicinity of Los Alamos.
ISSN:1528-7394
DOI:10.1080/00984100050136580
出版商:Informa UK Ltd
年代:2000
数据来源: Taylor
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5. |
MICROCYSTIN-LR DECREASES HEPATIC AND RENAL PERFUSION, AND CAUSES CIRCULATORY SHOCK, SEVERE HYPOGLYCEMIA, AND TERMINAL HYPERKALEMIA IN INTRAVASCULARLY DOSED SWINE |
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Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A,
Volume 61,
Issue 4,
2000,
Page 281-303
Val R. Beasley, Randall A. Lovell, Kenneth R. Holmes, Horace E. Walcott, David J. Schaeffer, Walter E. Hoffmann, Wayne W. Carmichael,
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摘要:
Cross-bred, anesthetized female swine were given intravascularly a lethal (72 µg/kg; n = 6) or toxic-sublethal (25 µg/kg; n = 6) dose of microcystin-LR (MCLR), from Microcystis aeruginosa, or the vehicle (n = 4). At the high dose, from 12 to 18 min after administration, central venous pressure and hepatic perfusion were significantly lower, and shortly thereafter, portal venous pressure was significantly higher and aortic mean pressure was significantly lower than controls. By 45 min postdosing, serum bile acids, lactate, potassium, and total bilirubin, as well as blood pO2, were significantly higher, while hematocrit, platelet count, and blood bicarbonate, pCO2, and base excess were significantly lower than controls. By 90 min, serum arginase, urea nitrogen, inorganic phosphorus, and creatinine were significantly higher, while glucose and blood pH were significantly
ISSN:1528-7394
DOI:10.1080/00984100050136599
出版商:Informa UK Ltd
年代:2000
数据来源: Taylor
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