摘要:

An adaptive stochastic dynamic programming model is described which solves the optimum replacement decision problem for the dairy cow under physical and financial assumptions currently typical for the UK. By expressing the expected net present value of the replacement heifer as an annuity equivalent under various assumptions with and without enforced (involuntary) culling an estimate of the value of longevity was obtained and an assessment made of its sensitivity to key assumptions. Increased longevity added about $20 per extra lactation per year on to the investment potential of the replacement dairy heifer under the assumptions made. This figure is sensitive to replacement cost, but could be used to provide economic values for longevity as part of an economic breeding objective for dairy cattle in the UK.

ISSN:0021-857X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1477-9552.1994.tb00382.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The yellow fats sector comprises butter, margarine and a number of newer dairy‐and low‐fat spreads. In analysing the transmission of policy prices (e.g. the intervention price of butter) in this sector, which is characterised by concentrated processors and retailers, it is unrealistic to assume that marketing margins are competitively determined. The empirical estimates in this paper suggest that, since the mid‐1980s, processors and retailers of margarine take into account the price of butter when setting margarine prices, which they can only do if they possess market power. This implies that the benefits of CAP reform (in the form of lower butter prices) may be seriously underestimated if the resulting fall in margarine prices is ignored; the increase in butter consumption would be overesti

ISSN:0021-857X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1477-9552.1994.tb00383.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The objective of this study is to measure technical efficiency, using a translog frontier production function on cross‐sectional data from 397 farms in the North‐West Frontier Province of Pakistan in 1988–89. The estimated farm level technical efficiency is found to be dependent upon levels of credit and education, farmers' ages and the extent of land fragmentation. Lack of education, restricted credit and fragmented holdings are found to be causes of inefficiency; hence policies which consolidate holdings, provide credit or educate farmers will tend to improve efficiency in agricu

ISSN:0021-857X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1477-9552.1994.tb00384.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Book reviews in this article:BOURKE, A. (ed. Hill, J. and ÓGráda, C.) (1993). The Visitation of God? ‐ The Potato and the Great Irish FamineBUSCH, L., LACY, W. B., BURKHARDT, J. and LACY, L. R. (1991). Plants, Power and Profit: Social, Economic and Ethical Consequences of the New BiotechnologiesCONSTANZA, R. (ed.) (1991). Ecological Economics: The Science and Management of SustainabilityFOSTER, P. (1992). The World Food Problem: Tackling the Causes of Undernutrition in the Third WorldFRIMPONG‐ANSAH, J. H. (1991). The Vampire State in Africa: The Political Economy of Decline in GhanaHERMANN, R., BURGER, K. and SMITH, P. (1993). International Commodity Policy: A Quantitative AnalysisLORRAIM‐SMITH, R. (1993). Computers in Forestry: Use of Spreadsheets. Taunton: Research Studies Press and Chichester: James WileyNOBLE, D. H. and COURSE, C. (1993). Spreadsheets for Agriculture. Harlow, Essex, UK: Longman Scientific and TechnicalANDERSON, J. R. and DE HAAN, C. (eds.) (1992). Public and Private Roles in Agricultural Development: Proceedings of the Twelfth Agricultural Sector SymposiumBELLAMY, M. and GREENSHIELDS, B. (eds.) (1992). Issues in Agricultural Development: Sustainability and Cooperation. International Association of Agricultural Economists Occasional Paper No. 6. AldershotGILES, A. K. (1993). The Provincial Agricultural Economics Service 1945–1968: Its Origins, Form, Demise and LegacyHILL, P., GREEN, B. and EDWARDS, A. (1992). The Costs of Care: The Costs and Benefits of Environmentally Friendly Farming PracticesMILLER, F. A. (ed). (1993). Eastern Europe: Opportunities and Needs for Food and Agriculture. CAS Paper 27OECD (1993) Agricultural and Environmental Policy Integration: Recent Progress and New Directions. Paris: Organisation for Economic Co‐operation and DevelopmentOECD (1993) Agricultural Policies, Markets and Trade: Monitoring and Outlook 1993. Paris: Organisation for Economic Co‐operation a

ISSN:0021-857X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1477-9552.1994.tb00385.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0021-857X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1477-9552.1994.tb00386.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0021-857X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1477-9552.1994.tb00387.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0021-857X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1477-9552.1994.tb00388.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0021-857X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1477-9552.1994.tb00389.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY