摘要:

This study is the first UK application of the integrated, single‐stage approach to estimating the returns to R&D. Fitting a residual profit function, which incorporates the technology variables, to new data for UK agriculture for 1954–1990 produces short‐ and long‐run estimates of the output supply and input‐demand price elasticities, elasticities of the effects of relaxing the non‐variable input constraints and shadow prices for these non‐variable factors. All of the supply and demand relationships are found to be inelastic, but the price‐responsiveness of the system has increased over time. The long‐run model, in which all of the inputs except land are treated as variable and private‐sector research is included, gives a marginal rate of return to public agricultural R&D of only 18 per cent. Estimates of the factor‐saving biases of the technology variables suggest that public R&D has had its greatest effect

ISSN:0021-857X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1477-9552.1996.tb00697.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The link between institutional factors and agricultural protection levels is investigated using cross‐section time series data on three tobacco types. The analysis includes the presence of monopsonistic marketing agencies, political institutions, and the feasibility of tax revenue collection and diversification. Protection increases with economic development and with well functioning direct taxation systems, but tends to be lower in the most advanced pluralistic democracies. The presence of strong anti‐smoking interest groups seems to galvanise the lobbying effort of tobacco farmers — higher protection is associated with that pre

ISSN:0021-857X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1477-9552.1996.tb00698.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The ability of the political economy literature to explain agricultural policies in OECD countries is reviewed, with a view to discerning how positive theories of protection can inform normative policy analysis. Recognition of the endogeneity of agricultural policy is seen to serve three important functions. First, it lays bare the fundamental constraints under which policymakers operate. Second, it implies a revision of the traditional calculus of welfare effects. Third, it may help reduce Downsian “rational ignorance” with respect to both policy causes and policy consequences. Whilst the literature suffers from practical limitations, political economy insights may form the basis for interdisciplinary research into the effects of procedural ref

ISSN:0021-857X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1477-9552.1996.tb00699.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The prohibition of interest‐bearing credit and its replacement with a profit and loss sharing (PLS) system that accords with Islamic injunctions has been associated with remarkable increases in formal lending to agriculture. A model is used to show that the PLS mechanisms may reduce adverse selection and moral hazard effects as returns to both lenders and borrowers are not fixed but dependent on the actual results of credit‐financed projects. Survey data is utilised to demonstrate that the instruments employed by banks in agrarian finance provide higher returns than non‐agricultural loans, and are hence attractive despite the yield and price uncertainty characteristic of agricultural produ

ISSN:0021-857X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1477-9552.1996.tb00700.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The paper employs contingent valuation to estimate “willingness to pay” for reductions in the risk of food poisoning. The analysis accounts for the range of adverse health effects resulting from nonfatal cases of food poisoning as well as the risk of loss of life. A number of hypotheses regarding the value consumers attach to improvements in food safety are explored based on the results from a contingent valuation survey. Regression analysis is used to assess the factors influencing expressed “willingness to pay” for safer food, including demographic factors, personal experience of food poisoning and beliefs and attitudes about food‐b

ISSN:0021-857X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1477-9552.1996.tb00701.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Book reviewed in this article:Agarwal, B. (1994).A Field of One's Own: Gender and Land Rights in South Asia.DE BONO, E. (1994). Parallel Thinking.HAVINDEN, M. A. and COLLINS, E. J. T. (eds) (1995). Agriculture in the Industrial State. Reading: The University of ReadingLONGWORTH, J. W. and BROWN, C. G. (1995). Agribusiness Reform in China: The Case of WoolOECD (1995). The Chinese Grain and Oilseed Sectors: Major Changes Under Way.MELLOR, J. M. (ed) (1995). Agriculture on the Road to Industrialization.OKALI, C., SUMBERG, J. and FARRINGTON, J. (1994). Farmer Participatory Research: Rhetoric and Reality.SADOULET, E. and DE JANVRY, A. (1995). Quantitative Development Policy Analysis.

ISSN:0021-857X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1477-9552.1996.tb00702.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0021-857X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1477-9552.1996.tb00703.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0021-857X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1477-9552.1996.tb00704.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0021-857X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1477-9552.1996.tb00705.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0021-857X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1477-9552.1996.tb00706.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY