摘要:

This paper examines the interface between agricultural policy and other planning policies affecting development and change in rural areas with specific reference to one remote rural area of Britain. Differences between conventional agricultural policy approaches and planning approaches to rural problems are examined in the context of the policy instruments that have affected the rural economy of Orkney. It is suggested that the policies are not entirely congruent and that the economic and social costs of pursuing sectional and contradictory policies may be considerable.

ISSN:0021-857X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1477-9552.1981.tb01550.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A brief review of the Northfield Report on the Acquisition and Occupancy of Agricultural Land emphasises its general acceptance of the existing situation. An opportunity has been missed to develop more far reaching conclusions in respect of a policy area where scope for national initiative within the EEC remains. Although the Committee took an efficient agriculture as a principal objective its definition is not discussed and the only factual evidence quoted is the analysis by Britton and Hill based on the Farm Management Survey. The appropriateness of this is questioned and some alternatives are suggested. The Britton/Hill analysis does not give particular support for the Committee's advocacy of a family‐based farm structure. The Committee sees value in a let sector but expects its decline to continue. Nationalisation of agricultural land as the most direct route back to tenancy is rejected. Yet there is a need for the continuity of ownership to avoid leakages through capital taxes and family transfers. Nationalisation may be infeasible and in its absence, an alternative would be to positively discourage continuing owner occupation and over time to develop an effective land tax to recover support cost

ISSN:0021-857X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1477-9552.1981.tb01551.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Efficiency has a precise meaning in the case of the optimally conditions associated with the perfectly competitive norm. However, the efficiency concept loses a precise meaning and much of its usefulness under real world conditions of uncertainty and costly information since efficiency is inescapably evaluative and cannot be defined and measured independently of the goals and knowledge of the decision maker. Similarly, the concept ‘economies of size’ is shown to lose its normative significance when specialised resources and other unique aspects of the firm are taken into account. Although the economist has no objective procedure by which to measure the efficiency of entrepreneurial activity, it is argued that in the real world of uncertainty and disequilibrium, there is always scope for entrepreneurial activity in the sense of unexploited profit opportunit

ISSN:0021-857X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1477-9552.1981.tb01552.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This paper describes a new approach to the theory of agricultural research benefits based on component benefits rather than, as is customary, on surpluses. The surplus concept nevertheless emerges when the distribution of the national benefit is considered. Various published methods (Grossfield‐Heath, Lindner‐Jarrett, Akino‐Hayami, Griliches I and II) are derived as special cases of the theory and numerically compared.Applications are briefly considered; Griliches II is used for the variability of crop yields and some typical results for the distribution of benefits are

ISSN:0021-857X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1477-9552.1981.tb01553.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Smithfield beef prices are regressed on quality measurements made on beef selling in Smithfield market. Optimal weight, conformation and fat levels are derived and the revenue foregone by not obtaining these optima is estimated for Scotch, English, Republic of Ireland and Northern Irish beef. For other quality characteristics Scotch beef is taken as the norm and the revenue foregone by not producing to Scotch standards is estimated for English, Republic of Ireland and Northern Irish beef. Differences in quality levels are found to explain only a relatively small proportion of the price gap which exists between Scotch beef and beef from the three other areas.

ISSN:0021-857X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1477-9552.1981.tb01554.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Agricultural processing industries are sometimes recommended as being particularly suitable for industrialisation programmes in developing countries. In this article, however, it is argued that such a general statement does not appear to be warranted. In a short survey some of the criteria are first discussed by which suitability of agro‐processing industries can be judged. It is concluded that the contribution to development objectives of some feasible sub‐sectors can easily be overestimated. It also appears that the wide disparity of characteristics of sub‐sectors that belong to the category of agricultural processing industries necessitate careful examination of individual sub‐sectors before judgement as to their attractiveness for developing countries is pronounced. In order to illustrate this point evaluations of the cocoa and leather industries are briefly di

ISSN:0021-857X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1477-9552.1981.tb01555.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The present paper provides a comprehensive analysis of static and dynamic multipliers (or elasticities) for price and quantity responses in simultaneous equations econometric models. The discussion relates to the algebraic relationships which underly the total and partial elasticities and flexibilities. It is shown that partial restricted reduced form parameters for dynamic simultaneous systems can be used to derive expressions for total price and quantity effects that lead to unambiguous interpretations of flexibilities and elasticities.

ISSN:0021-857X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1477-9552.1981.tb01556.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

An index of management efficiency in cotton production is formed for each of five geographical regions in Egypt for farms of large enough size for the functions of management and labour to be separated. The index is introduced as a variable in the production function and reveals distinct differences between the regions in the scope for improving management efficiency.

ISSN:0021-857X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1477-9552.1981.tb01557.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Retailers tend to have a traditional level of mark‐up and to charge the same mark‐up even if the product is improved so that waste is reduced. Under these circumstances the result of improving a product is that producers sell less at a lower price, consumers buy more at a lower price and retailers obtain a larger percentage margin. The producers suffer as a result of their innovation. Excess capacity at retail may be cau

ISSN:0021-857X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1477-9552.1981.tb01558.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0021-857X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1477-9552.1981.tb01559.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY